文本内容:
托福写作范文通讯A folkculture isa smallisolated,cohesive,conservative,nearly self-sufficient groupthat ishomogeneous incustom andrace witha strongfamilyor clanstructure andhighly developedrituals.Order ismaintained throughsanctionsbased inthe religionor familyand interpersonal.Relationships arestrong.Tradition isparamount,and changecomes infrequentlyand slowly.Thereis relativelylittle divisionof laborinto specializedduties.Rather,eachperson isexpected toperform agreat varietyof tasks,though dutiesmay differbetweenthe sexes.Most goodsare handmadeand subsistenceeconomy prevails.Individualism isweakly developedin folkcultures as are socialclasses.Unaltered folkcultures nolonger existin industrializedcountries suchas theUnitedStates andCanada.Perhaps thenearest modernequivalent inAnglo Americaisthe Amish,a GermanAmerican farmingsect thatlargely renouncesthe productsandlabor savingdevices ofthe industrialage.In Amishareas,horse drawnbuggiesstill serveasalocal transportationdevice andthe faithfulare notpermittedto ownautomobiles.The Amishs centralreligious conceptof Demut“humility”,clearly reflectsthe weaknessof individualismand socialclassso typicalof folkcultures andthere isa correspondingstrength ofAmish groupidentity.Rarely dothe Amishmarry outsidetheir sect.The religion,a varietyofthe Mennonitefaith,provides theprincipal mechanismfor maintaining order.By contrasta popularculture isa largeheterogeneous groupoften highlyindividualisticand apronounced manyspecialized professions.Secularinstitutions ofcontrol suchas thepolice and army takethe placeof religionandfamily inmaintainingorder,andamoney-based economyprevails.Becauseof thesecontrasts,“popular“may beviewed asclearly differentfrom“folk”.The popularis replacingthe folkin industrializedcountries andinmany developingnations.Folk-made objectsgive wayto theirpopularequivalent,usually becausethe popularitem ismore quicklyor cheaplyproduced,is easieror timesaving touse orleads moreprestige tothe owner.。