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新教材人教版英语选择性必修第三册UNIT3高频词汇知识点清单UNIT3UNIT3ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION目录高频词汇精讲;(使)挨饿饿死
1.starve vi.vt.;;;;释放放开发泄公布释放;发行解脱
2.release vt,n.维持;遭受;承受住
3.sustain vt,限制;限定;束缚;约束
4.restrict vt.抓住;夺取;控制;侵袭;突然控制
5.seize vt.和谐的
6.harmonious adj.;;;提交呈递认为建议屈服;顺从
7.submit vt.vt.vi.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的;体贴的;易生气的
8.sensitive adj,恢复;使复原;修复;归还
9.restore vt.
(一)打;十二个
10.dozen n.检查;查看;视察
11.inspection n.;;忍受包容容许
12.tolerate vt.高频词汇积累结构几乎没有疑问/毫无疑问……
1.There islittle/no doubt that...结构的复合结构
2.with直接引语和间接引语
②无把握;不确信;怀疑后接宾语从句时,当主句为肯定句时,常用doubt v.doubt if或弓|导宾语从句;当主句为否定句或疑问句时,常用引导宾语从句whether that我怀疑他们能否游过河去•I doubtif/whether theycan swimacross theriver.我相信他能按时完成任务•I dont doubt that he canfinish thetask ontime,
③疑惑,不确定,怀疑doubt n.毫无疑问;的确without/beyond doubt无疑,很可能no doubt不确定;不肯定;没把握;拿不准be indoubt确信……have no doubt that,.是否……有一些疑问There issome doubtwhether..•No doubtour friendshipwill lastforever.我们的友谊无疑会永远持续下去(写作一友谊)•I haveno doubtthat with these suggestionsyou canmake greatprogress.我确信有了这些建议你能取得巨大的进步(写作一建议信)•There issome doubtwhether thedrug canwork.这种药是否会起作用还有一些疑问结构的复合结构
2.withWater pollutionlevels increased,with morehousehold andmercial wasteending upinthe river.由于更多的生活和商业垃圾最终进入江中,水污染程度加重了(教材)P32情景导学To behonest,I cantsleep withlights oneven if the roomis veryquiet.老实说,即使房间很安静,开着灯我也睡不着觉The childrenwere makinga snowman,with theirhands redand cold.孩子们正在堆雪人,他们的手又红又冷With abunch offlowers inher hand,the girlran toher motherand handedit toher withexcitementand joy.女孩儿手里拿着一束花,她跑向妈妈,兴奋而快乐地把花递给了妈妈(读后续写一动作描写)这些衣Im sorrythat I cant hangout withyou in the streetwith allthese clothesto wash.服都要洗,很抱歉我不能和你在街上闲逛With allthe thingsshe neededbought,she wenthome happily.所有需要的东西都买了,她高高兴兴地回家了With darknessenveloping theforest,Jane wason theedge of the breakdown,totally ataloss whatto do.夜色笼罩着森林,简处于崩溃的边缘,完全不知道该怎么办(读后续写一环境、心理描写)用法归纳的复合结构由宾语+宾语补足语”构成,在句中作状语或定语其构成形式如with“with+下
①动词不定式;
②现在分词;
③过去分词Sentence1译文一位研究北极熊多年的专家说,从尸体的姿势看,这只熊像是饿死的Sentence2译文专家称,气候变化导致的海冰面降低意味着北极熊无法像以前那样捕食海豹,于是它只能长途跋涉去寻找食物Sentence3译文气候学家经常提到一个关键的气候过程——“温室效应”;它有两个常见的含义“天然”温室效应和“人造”温室效应Sentence4译文确凿、全面的证据表明,温度上升导致全球极端天气和自然灾害增多,不仅造成严重破坏,而且使人丧命Sentence5译文气候学家已发出警告如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖的趋势可能会持续下去,而我们将为此付出更大的代价Sentence6译文我们有责任抓住每一个机会,教育每个人了解全球变暖,包括其成因和影响,因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题直接引语和间接引语引用别人的话有两种方式,一种是讲述别人的原话,并把它放在引号里,这叫直接引语;另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话,并且不能用引号,这叫间接弓语直接引语和间I接弓语之间可以互相转换直接引语变成间接引语时,通常借助宾语从句,要注意以下1几个问题情景导学1She said,I amvery happy to helpyou.—She said that she was veryhappytohelp me.用法归纳1直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由
①引导宾语从句that情景导学2uHe asked me,Do you like playingfootball”—He asked me whether/if Iliked playingfootball.He askedme,“Can Ido itor not—He askedme whetheror nothe coulddo it.用法归纳2直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句,变成间接引语时,由
②引导宾语从句whether/if特别提醒大多数情况下,和可以互换,但后面紧跟时,只能用即没有if whetheror notwhether,if的用法但有的用法or notif...or not情景导学3一My sisteraskedme,How doyoulikethe filmMy sisteraskedme how Iliked thefilm.He askedLucy,Where didyou go”—He askedLucy whereshe had been.用法归纳3直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词,如、、、、who whomwhose how、、等引导宾语从句,语序要用
③陈述句语序when whywhere情景导学4They said,“We willgo thereby bus.—They saidthey would go thereby bus.She askedme,Are youinterested inscience—She askedme ifI wasinterested inscience.His mothersaid tome,He cantgo toschool.—His mothertold methat hecouldnt gotoschool.用法归纳4由直接弓语变为间接弓语时宾语从句人称的变化规则从句的主语人称要遵循“一主、I I二宾、三不变”的原则,即如果直接引语的主语是第一人称,变为间接引语时要和主句的
④主语人称保持一致;如果直接引语的主语是第二人称,变为间接引语时要与主句的
⑤宾语人称保持一致;如果直接弓语的主语是第三人称,变为间接引语时,人称
⑥不I变情景导学5nThe girlsaid,Im sorryfor beinglate forclass.—The girlsaid that she wassorry forbeinglate forclass.He says,“I havefinished myhomework.—He saysthat hehas finishedhis homework.nShe willsay,Ill doit tomorrow.—She willsay that shell doit the next day.nThe teachersaid,“The earthmoves around the sun.—The teachersaid thatthe earthmovesaroundthe sun.用法归纳5直接弓语变为间接引语时,从句时态的变化规则I⑴如果主句为过去时态,则间接引语的时态变化如下表所示直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成进行时将来进行时过去将来进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来完成时⑵如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时,则从句的时态
⑦不变.⑶直接引语如果是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时,不管主句时态如何,从句的时态
⑧不变情景导学611一She said,\will ethis evening.She said thatshewouldgothat evening.He said,“My sisterwas herethree daysago,but sheis nothere now.—He saidthat hissisterhadbeenthere threedays before,but shewas notthere then.She said,“My brotherwants toe withme.—She saidthat herbrother wantedto gowithher.nHe said,These booksare mine.—He saidthat thosebooks werehis.用法归纳6指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化如下表所示直接引语间接弓语1this that指示代词these thosenowthentoday thatday时间状语this eveningthat eveningyesterdaythe day before/the previousdaylast nightthe nightbefore时间状语two daysago two days beforenext week thenextweek/the followingweektomorrow thenext day/the followingdaythe daybefore yesterdaytwo daysbeforethe dayafter tomorrowin twodays time/twodaysafter地点状语here therebringtake方向性动词e go情景导学7nThe captainordered,Be quiet.—The captainordered usto bequiet.My teachersaid,Dont laugh.—My teachertold menot tolaugh.用法归纳7如果直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成
⑨动词不定式,并根据情况在其前加、、等动词和相应的人称代词注意此种情况的否定句,用⑩不定tell askorder式的否定式即时巩固将下列直接弓语改为间接引语,每空一词I,I
111.\never smokea cigarette,“he said.—He saidthat henever smokeda cigarette.u
2.He asked,How didyou findthe enterprise,Mother—He askedhis motherhow she had foundthe enterprise.n
3.The teachersaid,“The sunrises in the eastand setsin thewest.—The teachersaidthatthesunrises in the eastand setsin thewest.
4.I boughtthe house10years ago,“he said.一He saidthathehad boughtthe house10years before.u
5.Do youknow whereshe liveshe askedme.一He askedme if/whetheir Iknew whereshe lived..将下列直接引语改为间接引语II
1.“Why areyou fond of painting,Torn askedNancy.—Nancy askedTom whyhewasfondofpainting.
2.“Do youlike psychologyLiu Pingasked Bob.—Lu Pinqasked Bobif/whether heliked psychology.u n
3.The teachersaid tohim,Be confident.—The teachertold himto beconfident.u n
4.Jenny said,l changedmy badhabits yesterday.—Jenny saidthatshehad changedher badhabits thedaybefore/the previousu
5.He askedme,How willTom goto the party tomorrow—He askedmehowTom wouldqo tothepartythenextday/the followingday.高频词汇精讲(使)挨饿;饿死
1.starve vi.vt.An expertwho hasstudied polarbears formany yearssaidthatfrom theposition ofitsdead body,the bearappeared tohave starvedand died.一位研究北极熊多年的专家说,从它尸体的姿势来看,这只熊似乎是饿死的(教材)情P26景导学They wantedto starvethe enemiesinto givingin.他们想断绝敌人的食物来源以迫使他们投降I wasstarving andrushed toput asteak onthe barbecue.我饿极了,赶紧把一块牛排放在烤架上(译林选择性必修三)青Teenagers arestarved of/for freedombut theyhave torely ontheir parentsfinancially.少年缺少自由但是他们在经济上却不得不依靠父母如果野Many babiesof thewild animalswill starve to deathiftheparents cantfeed them.生动物幼崽的父母不能给它们喂食,那么很多幼崽会饿死用法归纳
①饿死starvetodeath
②饿得很be starved/starving
③缺乏……;急需……be starvedof/for...(主动语态使得不到所需要的)starve Aof/for BA B()断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事©starve sb.into doing sth,
⑤以断绝食物来源迫使某人出来starve sb.out词汇拓展;;饥饿饿死挨饿饿死starvation n.die of/from starvation许多•Many people,especially thosein povertystrickenareas,are sufferingfrom starvation.人,特别是那些极端贫困地区的人,正在遭受饥饿之苦;;;;;释放放开发泄公布释放发行解脱
2.release vt.n.The heatis releasedback intospace atlonger wavelengths.这种热量以更长的波长被释放回太空(教材)P27情景导学这种植The plantreleases tinyamounts ofchemicals from the leavesthat arebeing eaten.物会从正遭受啃食的叶子中释放出微量的化学物质(外研选择性必修一)The newfilm will这部新片将于下周公映,go onrelease nextweek,and Icant waitto watchit in the cinema.我等不及要去电影院观看了Working outfor halfan hourinthegym willgive youa release from thepressure ofwork.在健身房锻炼半小时会让你从工作压力中解脱用法归纳动
①将……从某物中放出来release...from sth.名
②(电影)公映,发行qo onrelease
③⑶从……中解脱/释放releasefrom...;;维持遭受承受住
3.sustain vt.Without thisprocess,Earth could not sustainlife.没有这个过程,地球就无法维持生命(教材)P27情景导学If youdontdoenough warmups,you mightsustain aninjury inthe exercise.如果你不做足够的热身运动,你就可能在运动中受伤用法归纳受伤/遭受损失sustain aninjury/injuries/damage/losses词汇拓展
①可持续的;合理利用的sustainable adj,
②持续性sustainability n,
③持续的,持久的sustained ad•As weall know,sustainability hasbee animportant aspectof business.That isto say,it isimportantto sustainthe sustainabledevelopment of the economy.If youdo so,your panywillget sustaineddevelopment.众所周知,可持续性已经成了商业的一个重要方面也就是说,维持经济的可持续发展是重要的如果你这么做,你的公司将得到持续的发展限制;限定;束缚;约束
4.restrict vt.We asindividuals canalso reduceour carbonfootprint byrestricting theamount ofcarbon dioxide ourlifestyles produce.作为个人,我们也可以通过限制生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”(教材)P27情景导学In someregions,the schoolrestricts classsizes to30students.在一些地区,学校把班级规模限定在人30You canrestrict yourselfto smokingtwo cigarettesa dayso asto giveup smokinggradually.你可以限制自己每天只抽两支烟,以逐渐把烟戒掉(写作一健康建议)用法归纳
①把……限制/控制在……restrict...to...
②()限制某人/自己只做某事restrict sb./oneself to doinq sth,词汇拓展
①;;[]限制规定限制法规[]约束restriction n.C U•Keep inmind thatthere arespeed restrictionson thispart of the road.记住这段路有限速
②;有限的;受限制的仅限的restricted adj.仅限于……be restrictedto...•The aimoftheeducation isnot restrictedto learningknowledge orskills.教育的目的不仅仅限于学习知识和技能;;抓住夺取控制;侵袭;突然控制
5.seize vt.It isour responsibilityto seizeevery opportunityto educateeveryone aboutglobalwarming,along withits causesand impacts...抓住每一个机会来教育每个人了解全球变暖及其原因和影响是我们的责任……(教材)P27情景导学She triedin vainto seize the gunfromtheattacker.她试图夺走攻击者的枪,但没有成功Though anumber ofattempts havebeen made,the armycant seize control ofthe city.尽管尝试了多次,这支军队还是不能攻占这座城市With theexhibition aroundthe corner,I thinkyou should seizetheopportunity toexperienceChinese papercutting.展览会即将来临,我认为你应该抓住这个机会体验一下中国剪纸(写作一邀请信)In thebig fire,the firefighterspotted agirl whowas seizedwith fear.He quicklyseized thegirlby thearm andtook herout ofthe fire.在大火中,消防员发现了一个充满恐惧的女孩他迅速抓住女孩儿的胳膊,把她从大火中救了出来(读后续写一场景描写)用法归纳
①从……抓住/夺取某物seize sth.from...
②抓住机会做某事seize achance/an opportunitytodosth,
③身体部位抓住某人的某个部位seize sb.by the+攻占,夺取©seizecontrolof
⑤充满(某种情绪)be seizedwith/by...特别提醒表示抓住某人或某物时,可直接用被抓住的部位作宾语,如也可用seize seizemy hand,seize身体部位”结构,表示身体部位的名词前通常只能用定冠词不能用其他冠词sb.bythe+the,或代词和谐的
6.harmonious adj....promote aharmonious relationshipbetween manand nature...……促进人与自然之间的和谐关系……(教材)P28词汇拓展
①和谐地;协调地harmoniously adv,•Animals knowhow tolive harmoniouslyin theirnatural environment.动物知道如何在自然环境中和谐生存
②和谐;协调;融洽;和睦和谐地;融洽地harmony n,in harmony与……和谐;与……协调be in harmony with...新办•The newoffice isinharmonywiththesurroundings,and wework inharmony here.公室与周围的环境很协调,我们在这里工作很融洽提交;呈递;认为;建议屈服;顺从
7.submit vt.vt.vi.According tothe reportsubmitted byresearchers,between20and25percent ofall annual根据研究人员提carbondioxideemissions arecaused by the destructionof tropicalforests.交的报告,每年二氧化碳排放总量的到是对热带雨林的破坏造成的(教材)20%25%P28情景导学These storiescan relievemy stressand broadenmy horizons.Besides,I evensubmitted myownfiction toYouth.这些故事可以减轻我的压力,开阔我的视野此外,我还向提交了自己的小说(Youth2021全国新高考)I()Although wegot stuckin trouble,by nomeans couldwe submitourselves tothedifficulties andhardships.虽然我们陷入了困境,但我们绝不能屈服于这些艰难困苦Considering that you wantto improveyour spokenEnglish,I submit thatyoushouldseize考虑到你想提高你the chanceto speakmore Englishwith foreignersinthesummer camp.的英语口语,我认为你应该抓住机会在夏令营中和外国人多说英语(写作一建议信)用法归纳
①()屈月艮于……submit oneselfto...
②把……提交给/呈递给……submit...to...
③认为……submitthat...;;;;敏感的善解人意的灵敏的体贴的易生气的
8.sensitive adj.为什么核能是一个敏感的话题呢?(教材)Why isnuclear powera sensitive topic P29情景导学有些年轻人对自己的外Some youngpeople arevery sensitiveabout/to theirappearance.表很敏感She isafraid toeat coldfood becauseher teethare sensitiveto it.她害怕吃冷的食物,因为她的牙齿对冷的食物过敏The personI respectis myEnglish teacher,who isvery sensitiveto everystudents feelings.我尊敬的人是我的英语老师,他十分体谅每一个学生的感情全国用法归纳2020I
①体谅……;对……敏感/过敏be sensitiveto...对……神经过敏;易因……生气词汇拓展2be sensitiveabout/to...
①感觉官能;感觉,意识;理解力;判断力;见识感觉到;意识到sense n.v.
②明智的;合理的;切合实际的;理智的sensible adi.
③谨慎细致地;小心地sensitively adv,胄景助记.恢复;使复原;修复;归还
9.restore vtbe sensitiveto besensitiveto/about...urgent stepsshould betaken torestore therivers originalbeauty.……应采取紧急措施来恢复河流往日的美丽(教材)P32情景导学这个男孩已将钱包归还给了它的主人The boyhas restoredthe walletto itsowner,I对ve…h…a敏d感a q体ua贴rrel withPeter,and Imtrying torestore relationswith him.我和彼得吵架了,我正在努力恢复和他的关系Beautifully restoredto its1860appearance,the housewas Abrahamand MaryLincolnshome for17years.被漂亮地修复成年的样子,这座房子年来一直是亚伯拉罕和玛丽林肯的家I86017(浙江)2021用法归纳
①一....使……恢复……rest reto
②把某物归还给某人rest resth.to sb.
③与某人恢复关系restore relationswith sb,
(一)打;十二个
10.dozen n.Dozens ofpolluting enterpriseswere closedor moved.许多污染企业被关闭或搬迁(教材)P32情景导学客人大批到达了The guestsarrived in dozens/by thedozen.上星期他们卖了箱这样的糖果They soldfour dozenboxes ofsuch candieslast week.48Though youhave dozens of eggshere,I justwant twodozen ofthese eggs.虽然你这里有许多鸡蛋,但我只想要其中的两打Mark isa genius.By thetime hegraduated,hehadbeen offeredjobs bya dozenputerparties.马克是个天才到他毕业的时候,已经有许多家电脑公司给他提供了工作机会(天2021津)用法归纳
①数词(几打/数十个)修饰名词时,不加后面也不用介词/several/a few+dozen dozen s,但如果后面有、、、等词时,后要接of dozenthese thosethem usdozen of
②一打/十二个/许多a dozen
③表示概数时,不与具体数字连用,其后加并加即表示许多”dozens,of,dozensof,
④大量地;大批地indozens=bythedozen情景助记检查;查看;视察
11.inspection n.At thesame time,they startedto carryout inspectionsregularly andfine touristorganisationsfor abuses.与此同时,他们开始定期进行检查,并对旅游机构的违规行为进行罚款(教材)情景P33导学On closerinspection,many newproblems arose.经进一步检查发现,很多新的问题产生了这些These booksare availablefor inspectionhere butcant beborrowed fromthe library.书在这里可供查阅,但不能从图书馆借出When thesecurity guardwent ona tourof inspectionoftheoffices,he founda thieflookingthrough someimportant filesinthedrawer.当保安巡视办公室时,他发现一个小偷正在浏览抽屉里一些重要的文件用法归纳
①巡视a tourof inspection
②供查看for inspection()经进一步检查3on closerinspection词汇拓展
①;;检查查看视察inspect vt.检查某人/某物看看有没有……inspect sb./sth,for..•Before handinginthepaper,youd betterinspect itfor spellingmistakes.在上交试卷之前,你最好检查一下,看看有没有拼写错误
②;检查员视察员inspector n.卫生/安全检查员a health/safety inspector忍受;包容;容许
12.tolerate vt.The villagerscouldnolonger toleratethe situation.村民们再也不能忍受这种状况了(教材)P34情景导学Icanttolerate sittingnext toTom becausehe keepstalking whileIm doingmyhomework.我不能容忍坐在汤姆的旁边,因为他在我做作业的时候不停地说话用法归纳()容忍/忍受(某人)做某事tolerate sb.doingsth,词汇拓展
①;宽容的容忍的tolerant adj.容忍/忍受/宽容……be tolerant of/towards...•To betolerantofothers istobekind toyourself.宽容别人就是善待自己(读后续写一主旨升华)
②宽容;容忍;(对痛苦、困难等的)忍受程度,忍耐力tolerance n,一.对……的容忍/忍受/包容tolerance of/for对……的忍受性/忍耐力tolerance to...•The depthof yourlife dependson yourcare ofthe young,passion forthe old,andtolerance for/oftheweak.你生命的深度取决于你对年轻人的照顾,对老年人的同情和对弱者的包容(读后续写一主旨升华)•Some plants,like pinetrees,have toleranceto coldin winter.一些植物,像松树,在冬天很耐寒
③表示“忍受;容忍”的其他常用表达、、put upwith standbear高频词汇积累词汇释义用法拓展;生态;生态学生态的生态学的ecology n.ecological adj.生态地;从生态学的观点看ecologically adv.生态学家ecologist n.适合居住的(动植物的)栖息地;生活环境habitable adj,habitat n.……的趋势开a trendtowards/in...set thetrend趋势;趋向;动向trend n.创趋势流行的on trend经常发生的;频繁的频繁地;经常frequent adj.frequency n.frequently adv.频繁每年的;一年的年刊;年鉴一年一次地annual adj.n.annually adv.混乱;杂乱;紊乱一片混乱chaos n.in chaos代表(代替)某人;因为某人;为on behalfof sb.为帮助某人in behalfof sb,=in sb.s behalf二了某人;为帮助某人on sb.s behalf起源于……originate from/in...起源;发源;创立originate vt.vi.起源;发源origination n.;.(对环境、文物等)保护保n保护conservation conservev.持;对……处以罚款罚款美好的健康的够好;蛮不错fine vt.n.adj.adv.一场为争取/反对……a campaignfor/against...运动;战役n.的运动campaign campaignfor/against...;参加运动领导运动vi.vt,为支持/反对而参加活动结构几乎没有疑问/毫无疑问……
1.There islittle/no doubtthat...There islittle doubtthat Earthis gettingwarmer andwarmer...几乎没有疑问,地球正在变得越来越温暖……(教材)P26情景导学There isno doubtthat ADream ofRed Mansionsis sucha goodnovel thatit isworthreading againand again.毫无疑问,《红楼梦》是一部很好的小说,值得一读再读用法归纳意为“几乎没有疑问/毫无疑问……,是名词,引导There islittle/nodoubtthat...doubtthat同位语从句,说明的具体内容doubt结构拓展
①弓导的同位语从句有证据表明……There isevidence+that I引导的同位语从句很可能……There isa possibility+that•There isevidence thatman hasbeen growingtaller overthe past500years.有证据表明在过去的年里,人类一直在长高500。