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Lesson4The double life of Alfred Bloggs阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活
一、单词讲解New wordsand expressions•double[dAbl]adj.双的，两倍的Vt.使加倍vi.加倍doublelife双重生活double character[1kserskts r]双重性格double chin[tjln]双下巴double bed双人床twin beds两张标准床bigamy[1blg8mi]重婚two-timera manwho dates2women atthe sametime脚踩两只船•manual EmaenjuQl]adj.体力的；手制的,手工的manual laborer[lelbsrs]体力劳动者automatic[10t8mset Ik]adj.自动的自动的auto-前缀自动售货机automat[o^Qmset]n.自传自治区autobiography[10:tsbal1Dgr8fi]n.au0t:o1tn Donm Qomu ass]re[g1io rni:d3s9e nl]f-ruled•collar「kDlar]n.衣领gold collar金领white collar白领blue collar蓝领dog collara stiffround whitecollar wornby priests牧师们hot underthe collarfeel angryor excited气愤不已，热血沸腾eg.Calm down!Dont gethot underthe collar.冷静一点！别发火make a collar Policecatch criminal.警察抓罪犯，逮捕•privilege[prlvalldsl n.好处v.给…特权a specialadvantage特权•privileged adj.享有特权的underprivileged贫困的，下层阶级的for theprivilege of为了获得荣耀eg.Many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay for theprivilege of becoming whitecollar workers.课文许多人仅仅是为了获得成为白领的殊荣，宁愿放弃他们的高薪eg.Its mygreat privilegeto makeyour acquaintance.能结识您，实乃三生有幸eg.r veheard somuch aboutyou.久I闻大名•corporation[ikorpsreljn]n.公司eg.Your reputationproceeds you.大型股份有限公司跨国公司multinational corporationcompany小公司enterprise[1entapralz]企（事）业单位joint-venture[1ventjar]joint-venture enterprise合资企业state-owned enterprise township国有企业enterprise non-government runschool乡镇企业民办学校
二、课文讲解•These days,people whodo manualwork oftenreceive far more moneythan peoplewho work inoffices.如今，从事体力劳动的人的收入一般要比坐办公室的人高出许多（此句是本文的主旨句）moneyreceive money拿工资save money存钱spend money花钱eg.Spend themoney tomorrowtoday.今天花明天的钱make money挣钱far moremoney多得多的钱（far在这里不是指“远”，而是程度副词，指程度的深浅在形容词或副词的比较级前面加上表示程度的副词，是为了进一步说明比较级的程度）lots moremoney多得多a lotmore多得多some moremoney多一些（表不确定的程度）a littlemore多一点点•People whoworkinoffices arefrequently referred to as，white-collar workers，for thesimplereason that they usually wear acollar and tie to go to work.坐办公室的人之所以常常被称作“白领工人”，就是因为他们通常是穿着硬领白衬衫，系着领带去上班be referredto as被称作比较书面语eg.He isreferredto as walkingdictionary.他被大家称作活字典be known to us all as大家叫他…（口语化）（没有必要提及主语的情况，就用被动语态）eg.He isknowntousallas walkingdictionary.我们大家管他叫他活字典be recognized as认出是・・•eg.In the torchlight,he wasrecognizedasBill bythe vicar.借着手电筒的光，牧师认出他是Billo L2:Thirteen equalsonerefer-referred-referringrif3r]v.关系到，提到prefer-preferred-preferring[pr11f3:r]v.更喜欢，宁愿stir-stirred-stirring[st3r]v.搅拌star-starred-starring[sta:r]v.主演，在文字旁标星号eg.Forrest Gumpstarred byTom Hanks.阿甘正传是由汤姆克鲁斯主演的•••for thesimple reasonthattheyusuallywear acollar andtieto go towork.此处for引导原因状语从句，that引导的从句作reason的同位语从句wear acollarandtie穿着衬衫，打着领带配套出现的物，共用一个不定冠词aa forkand knife一副刀叉a singerand dancer一个歌舞演员a fatherand mother既当爸又当妈•Such is human nature,that a great many people are often willingto sacrificehigher payforthe privilege ofbecoming white-collar workers.许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情human nature人的本性（such后面往往会出现一个that引导的定语从句，that从句是such的同位语从句，而不是非限定性定语从句，that不能引导非限定性定语从句当主语过长的时候，主语的修饰成分就要放到后面，以保持句子的平衡和逻辑的美感还原Such that agreat many peopleareoften willingto sacrificehigher payfor the privilegeofbecomingwhite-collar workersishumannature.）•This can give rise to curious situations,as itdid in the case ofAlfred Bloggs whoworkedas adustman for the EllesmereCorporation.而这常常会引起种种奇怪的现象,在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德•布洛格斯就是一个例子This替代了前文中的同位语从句thatagreatmany peopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.This cangive riseto curious situations,…give riseto弓I起eg.That boysare weighedmore importantthan girlscangive risetocurioussituations.重男轻女会引起各种各样奇怪的现象eg.Pollution gaverisetoa worldwide green-house effect.污染引起了全球范围的温室效应give birth to生了（…孩子）eg.She gavebirthtoa prettygirl.她生了个漂亮的女孩as itdid•一像…，，样（as引导了一个方式状语从句）it:（上一句中that从句的内容）did:giverisetoacurioussituations••,in the case ofAlfredBloggs***in the case of|就…的情形而言，对…来说eg.Poverty depressedmany people,but inthe caseof myfather,it wasotherwise.贫困使很多人一蹶不振，但就我父亲而言就另当别论（it wasotherwise另当另ll论）eg.Fat depressedmanypeople,but inthecaseof HanHong,it wasotherwise.月巴月半使很多人一蹶不振，但韩红另当别论eg.Difficulties depressedmanypeople,but inthecaseof me,it wasotherwise.困难使彳艮多人一蹶不振，但我另当别论in caseof万一，以防eg.Take anumbrella withyou incaseofrain.万一下雨，带把伞eg.Body guard（电影《保镖》）A:What for干什么？BIn case.以防万一•When hegot married,Alf wastoo embarrassedto sayanything tohis wifeabout hisjob.艾尔弗结婚时，感到非常难为情，而没有将自己的职业告诉妻子When hegot married,…get married结婚get engaged[in1geldjd]订婚get separated[1sepSreltid]分居get divorced[di1vost]离婚too embarrassedto sayanything tohis wifeabout hisjob（too…to太…以致于不能）•He simplytold herthat he worked forthe Corporation.他说在埃尔斯米尔公司上班simply1）He simplytold his wife that heworked forthe corporation.（此处simply相当于and nomore仅止于此，再没有其他）=He toldhis wifethat heworked forthe corporationand nomore.2）He toldhiswifethatheworkedforthecorporationsimply.（此处simply相当于in away thatis easyto understand用易于理解的方式）•Every morning,he lefthome dressed in a smart black suit.He thenchanged intooverallsand spentthe nexteight hoursas adustman.每天早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装离家上班然后换上工作服，当8个小时清洁工dressedinasmartblacksuit（形容词作伴随状语）change into换上change back into脱下后换回get into穿上put on穿上•Before returninghome atnight:he tooka showerand changedbackintohis suit.Alfdid thisfor overtwo yearsand hisfellow dustmenkept hissecret.晚上回家前，他洗个淋浴，重新换上那身黑色西服两年多以来，艾尔弗一直这样，他的同事也为他保守秘密Alf didthis…（省略与替代往往指人称代词或指示代词）eg.I cando so.我是可以这样做的do so（书面）do that/this（书面、口语）do it（口语）eg.I cando it.没问题我能做fellow dustman清洁工同事fellow townsman[taOnzmQn]fellow同乡countryman[1kAntriman]同胞fellow citizen[1sitIzn]市民们-mate伙伴workmate[1w3:kmeIt]同事，同僚roommate「rommeIt]室友helpmate[1helpme11]妻子（贤内助）soulmate[1s80Ime11]红颜知己，蓝颜知己fellowfel80]n.同伴，伙伴（亲切，易引起情感的共鸣）•Alf swife hasnever discoveredthat shemarried adustman andshe never will,for Alfhasjust foundanother job.艾尔弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工，而且她永远也不会知道了，因为艾尔弗已找到新职Alf swife hasnever discoveredthat shemarried adustman andshe neverwill,…have neverdone…and neverwill从不曾…今后也不会eg.Dont youknow I have carriedthetorchfor youa longtime.rmsorry.Ihavenever lovedyou andneverwill.你难道还不知道我已经暗恋你很久了不好意思，我从不曾爱过你，而且以后也不会•He willsoon beworking inan office.He will be earningonly half as much as heused to,buthe feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.不久就要坐办公室里工作了他将来挣的钱只有他现在的一半不过他觉得，地位升高了，损失点儿钱也值得He willsoon beworking（将来进行时态表示这个动作要在将来的某个时间内重复和持续地进行）He willbe earningonly halfas muchas heused to,…halfas muchas（用原级比较表示差异）as old aseg.She istwice asoldas her son.她是她儿子年龄的2倍asmuchasheused to（do）（to的不定式省略了动词，当说话人为了避免重复刚刚提过的动词时，动词不定式的动作就被省略掉了这个知识点托福考试中经常考到）want meanhope expectrefuse seemintendeg.I askedhim togotothe partybut herefused to.我邀请他来参加派对，但是他拒绝了eg.I intendedtogoout fordinner withhim,but hedidnt wantto.我本打算和他外出吃饭，但是他不想去•・・but hefeelsthathisrise instatusiswellworththelossofmoney.（but是本句的语篇标识词，为了表明主句和从句的关系是截然相反的）rise instatus在社会地位范围内的上升rise intaxes税收提高rise in prices物价上涨eg.The riseinpricesgave toa seriesof socialreactions.物价上涨带来了一系列的社会反应riseinthe world崛起eg.China asthe largestdeveloping countryis risingintheworld.中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家正在崛起rise andfall忽高忽低（一对相反概念放在一起组成的短语往往是一个整体）eg.The levelof people，s moodsrises andfalls duringa day.人的情绪在一天中忽高忽低worth[w30]adj.值得be worthdoing（后跟动名词作宾语，无被动语态）be worthreading值得一读be worthwatching值得一看be worthvisiting值得参观eg.Its worththe time/efforts/hard work.这是值得花时间/努力/辛苦工作eg.Its worthall thehard workyou putin educationwhen yousee somany happychildren.看到这么多快乐的孩子，在教育上所有的辛苦努力都是值得的worthy[1w8di]（adj.）和worth的含义相似be worthyof respect值得尊敬be worthyof beingrespected值得被尊敬（可以有被动语态）eg.She issuch agood teacherthat sheis worthyof beingrespected.deserve[di1z3v]v.值得to haveearnedsth bygood oreg.You getbadbehavior.what youdeserve.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆You reapwhat yousow.你收割的是你播种的）他eg.He deservesit.罪有应得（口）她是这么好的老师，值得我们尊敬•From nowon,he willwearasuit allday andothers willcall himMr.Bloggs，,not Alf.从此，艾尔弗可以一天到晚穿西服了别人将称呼他为“布洛格斯先生”，而不再叫他“艾尔弗”了
三、Idioms
1.Either makeor breakit.不成功，则成仁；破釜沉舟
2.Time andtide waitfor noman.岁月不待人
四、Supplementary exercises
1.By theyear2010,scientists probablyC acure forcancer.A.willbediscovering B.are discoveringC.will have discovered D.havediscovered分析在2010年之前，科学家有可能研制出癌症的治疗办法（by可以引起完成时，而2010是将来时间，所以正确答案应是将来完成时）。
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