新概念英语第三册+lesson21+By+heart+讲义

Lesson21Daniel Mendoza□Part1:TextBoxing matcheswere verypopular inEngland twohundred years ago.In thosedays,boxers foughtwith bare fists forPrize money.Because ofthis,they wereknown asprize-fighters.However,boxing was very crude,for therewere norules andaprize-fighter couldbe seriouslyinjured oreven killedduring amatch.One ofthe mostcolourful figuresin boxinghistory wasDaniel Mendoza who was bornin

1764.The useof gloveswas notintroduced until1860when theMarquis ofQueensberrydrew upthe firstset Ofrules.Though he was technicallya prize-fighter,Mendoza didmuch tochange crudeprize-fighting intoa sport,for hebrought sciencetothe game.In hisday,Mendoza enjoyedtremendous popularity.He wasadored byrich and pooralike.Mendoza roseto fameswiftly aftera boxing-match whenhe wasonlyfourteen yearsold.This attractedthe attention of RichardHumphries whowasthen the most eminent boxer inEngland.He offeredto trainMendoza andhis youngpupil was quickto learn.In fact,Mendoza soonbecame sosuccessful thatHumphriesturned againsthim.The twomen quarrelledbitterly andit wasclear that the argumentcouldonly besettled by a fight.A matchwas heldat Stiltonwhere bothmen foughtforan hour.The publicbet a great deal of moneyon Mendoza,but he was defeated.Mendoza metHumphries in the ringon alater occasion and he lost for a second time.It was not untilhis thirdmatch in1790that hefinally beatHumphries and becameChampion ofEngland.Meanwhile,he foundeda highlysuccessful Academyand evenLordByron becameone ofhis pupils.He earnedenormous sumsof moneyand waspaid as much as100for asingle appearance.Despite this,he wasso extravagantthat he was always in debt.After hewas defeatedby aboxer calledGentlemanJackson,hewasquickly forgotten.He wassent to prison forfailing topay hisdebts anddiedin povertyin

1836.□Part2:New wordsand expressions

1.boxing『boksir]]n.拳击

2.boxer[^oksa]n.拳击手

3.bare[bea]a.赤裸的；空荡的

4.prizefighter n.职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）

5.crude[kru:d]a.粗野的

6.marquis[*ma:kwis]n.侯爵

7.technically ptekniksli]ad.严格根据法律意义地

8.science[saians]n.科学

9.popularity『popjiTlseriti]n.名望

10.adore[edo:]v.崇拜，爱戴；非常喜欢

11.alike[elaik]ad.一样地序数词在表示第几的时候，和定冠词连the★It wasnot untilhis thirdmatch in1790that hefinally beatHumphriesandbecameChampion ofEngland.加从句加倒装的主句形式的强调句型，表达直到什么条件才什么的意

1.it is not until思例句It wasnot untilmidnight thathe unsderstoodwhat happenedto hisfather.第三次

2.ones thirdmatch★Meanwhile,he foundeda highlysuccessful Academyand evenLordByron becameone ofhis pupils.与此同时，一件事发生的同时另一件事情也在发生，表示区间I.meanwhile强调同时the sametime名词复数,意思为之一

2.one of+♦•★He earnedenormous sumsof moneyand waspaidas muchas100for asingle appearance.多达，接不可数名词

1.asmuchas-可数名词□as manyas+赚钱

2.earn money★Despite this,hewasso extravagantthathewasalwaysin debt.After hewas defeatedbyaboxer calledGentleman Jackson,hewas quicklyforgotten.介词，不可以接句子

1.despite,如果要接句子,一般句型为:从句despite despitethe factthat+处于债务中

2.indebt★He wassent toprison forfailing topay hisdebts anddied inpovertyin

1836.送进监狱

1.be senttoprison无力做某事，失败做某事

2.fail to do sth,□Part4:GrammarDifficult points和・・・・的区别

1.so thatso that如此以至于so••…that引导结果状语从句so+adj/adv+that口区另（J so that引导目的状语从句时，表示以便；为了,从句中常使用so thatcan/could/may/might等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用/will/would/should can和等词，在前可以用逗号，意思是因此;所以may so that如:The littleboy readmany boksso thathe couldpass theexam.重点句型

2.It isnotuntil・・・・・that・・・・・倒装句的强调形式□Part5:Homework（.背诵lesson21单词课文重点语句解析需背诵）

1.重点词记忆

2.练习总结课文

312.fame[feim]n.名声

13.eminent[eminent]a.著名的，杰出的

14.bitterly pbitsli]ad.厉害地

15.bet[bet]v.打赌

16.academy[akaedami]n.专业学校

17.extravagant[ikstr«vigont]a.浪费的，奢侈的

18.poverty[poveti]n.贫困★.拳击boxing[boksiij]n★拳击手boxer[boksa]n.

1.boxing拳赛场地，拳击场…boxing ring拳击手套boxing glove

2.boxerThe boxerhas foughtmany opponents.该拳手已与许多对手交锋常用释义盒子，另外也有巴拿，拳头的意思□box她打了他一耳光She gavehim abox onhis ears.★赤裸的；空荡的bare[bea]a.

1.adj.赤裸的；空的；仅有的；贫瘠的，荒芜的（）空手地；赤手空拳with onesbare handsarms暴露；褐露lay bareTheirprivate liveshas beenlaid bare.使裸露；暴露

2.vt.・（向某人）打开心扉，倾诉衷肠bare onessoul tosb（凶恶地）瓠牙咧嘴bare onesteeth★职业拳击手尤指古时赤手拳击手prizefighter n.职业拳击赛prizefight★粗野的crude[kru:d]a.

1.It iswascrude ofsb.to do sth他那样说太粗鲁了It wascrude ofhim tosay that.不成熟的意见

2.a crudeidea★.侯爵marquis[ma:kwis]n.他被封为侯爵He wasgiven thetitle ofMarquis★严格根据法律意义地technically[teknikali]ad.Technically speaking,the nameis incorrect.严格地说，用这个名词并不正确★.科学science[saians]n用技术知识来迷惑人blind sb.with scienceThereisnoroyal roadto science.在科学的道路上是没有平坦的路可走的★.名望popularity[popjulaeriti]n

1.adj.popular在…中有声望popular withamong名望

2.n.popularity.他从不追求名望He hasnever courtedpopularity★.崇拜，爱戴；非常喜欢adore[ado:]v

1.adore sbfor sthWeadore themfor theirgenerosity.我们钦佩他们的慷慨把…当作…崇拜

2.adore...asThey adoredher asa livinggoddess.他们把她当作活菩萨崇拜喜欢

3.v.我喜欢读书I adorereading books.★一样地alike[slaik]ad.

1.adj.相似的；同样的1look alike看起来像2very much alike很相像The twobrothers arevery muchalike.这两兄弟非常相像3alike in character性格相同We aremuchalikeincharacter.我们的性格很相似

2.adv.一样；以同样的方式No twopeople thinkalike.没有两个人的想法是一样的★.名声fame[feim]n名声

1.n.在某人最走红的时期attheheight ofsbs fame好名声/坏名声good fame/bad fame使出名

2.V.be famed for・・・・・而出名Hangzhou isfamedforthe westlake.★.著名的杰出的eminent[eminant]af名师eminent teacherJerry is aneminent teacher.=Jerry iseminent asa teacher.★厉害地bitterly[bitali]ad.今天冷得很It isbitterly coldtoday.□bitter苦的（五味之一）

1.adj.这药有苦味The medicinehas abitter taste.苦的东西

2.n.请来一品脱苦啤酒A pintof bitter,please.★赌bet[bet]v.fl

1.bet onsth.赌・・・・・和某人就某事打赌

2.bet sbsth onsth/v-ing.对那件事我敢跟你赌任何东西Ill betyou anythingon it我将与你打赌

3.m betyou.★.专业学校academy[akaedami]n骑术学校，马术学校…riding academy陆军军官学校..military academy★.浪费的，奢侈的extravagant[ikstraevigant]a挥霍无度的人extravagant man奢侈的聚会extravagant partyExtravagantpeople neversave money.奢侈的人攒不下钱★.贫困poverty[povati]n十分的贫困bitter poverty财政上的贫困financial poverty精神空虚处在贫困中spiritual povertyin poverty□Part3:Notes onthe text★Boxing matcheswere verypopular inEngland twohundredyears ago.流彳亍=

1.be popularbe inpopularity年前

2.two hunderdyearsago200★In thosedays,boxers foughtwith barefists forPrize money.赤手空拳

1.barefists为…而战

2.fight for•They arefighting forthe freedom.★Because ofthis,they wereknown asprize-fighters.However boxingwasverycrude,for therewere norules andafprize-fighter couldbe seriouslyinjured oreven killedduring amatch.因为；由于（说明）

1.because of是复合介词，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或由引导的从句（但不是because ofwhat直接接从句）

2.be known as・••为・・・・・而出名Jerryisknownasa teacher.表原因，本句中可以和互换

3.for because★One ofthe mostcolourful figuresin boxinghistory wasDanielMendozawhowasbornin

1764.名次复数其中之一oneof+世界上最重要的事情之一One ofthe mostimportant thingsintheworld★The useof gloveswasnotintroduced until1860when theMarquisof Queensberrydrew upthe firstset Ofrules.某物的应用

1.the useof sth

2.not・・・・・until直到・・•,才・・・・・Jerry didnot comeback until10:00pm.引导时间状语从句

3.when起草，制定

4.draw upTheyagreed todraw upa formalagreement他们同意起草一份正式协议★In hisday,Mendoza enjoyedtremendous popularity.He wasadoredby richand pooralike.用这种方式，通过这种方式

1.1n thisway汰是修饰的后置定语

2.al erichandpoor参考上面单词用法

3.adore★Mendoza roseto fameswiftly aftera boxing-match whenhewas onlyfourteen yearsold*一举成名rise tofame★This attractedthe attentionof RichardHumphries whowasthen themost eminentboxer inEngland.引起某人注意attract theattentionofsb.最出名的拳手themosteminentboxer★He offeredto trainMendoza andhis youngpupilwasquick tolearn.In factMendoza soonbecame sosuccessful thatfHumphriesturned againsthim.主动提供,…

1.offer todosth•上手很快，学的很快

2.be quicktodosthJerry isquic tolearn aforeign languagewell.事实上，实际上

3.in fact如此以至于

4.so,•…that o引导结果状语从句so+adj/adv+that口区别so that引导目的状语从句时，表示以便；为了，从句中常使用so thatcan/could/may等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一/might/will/would/should般不用和等词，在前可以用逗号，意思是〃因此;所以〃can maysothat如:The littleboy readmany bokssothathe couldpass theexam.★The publicbet a great dealof moneyon Mendoza,but hewasdefeated.Mendoza metHumphries inthe ringon alateroccasion andhelostfora secondtime.打赌，参考单词解析

1.bet+不可数名词，意思为许多的大量的

2.a greatdealof许多工作在等着我们A greatof workawaits us.可数名词复数□agreatnumber of+可数名词复数agreatmany of+接下来的一场

3.onalater occasion又一次，再一次

4.asecondtime第二次□the secondtime。