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语法unit3
一、系动词的种类
1.状态系动词用来表示主语状态、性质、身份等，常用的有be当他撞了我的车时，我很生气I wasfurious when he crashedmy car.同步练习
1.Neither shenor Ia doctor.A.am notB.am C.are D.is
1.1a workernext year.A.am B.will be C.be D.will
3.There anapple andthree orangeson thedesk.
4.a meetinghere tomorrow.A.There are B.There will beC.There be D.There isgoing to
2.持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有（保持）,（依然）,（保持）,（保持）,keep remainstay liestand（矗立着）（坐）,（继续）sit continue他开会时总保持沉默He alwayskept silentat themeeting.不管发生什么事，我们都要保持镇静Whatever happens,we shouldkeep/stay calm.雨后，天气依然很热The weathercontinued hotafter therain.这房子多年空着The housestood emptyfor years.
3.表象系动词用来表示“看起来、似乎、显得”这一概念，常用的有seem,appear,look.他显得很疲倦,好像要睡着了He appearedtired andsleepy（）.他看起来很伤心He seemsto bevery sad
4.感官系动词用来表示人的感觉的一类动词，常用的有（看起来），（摸起来、感觉）,（闻起来）,（听look feelsmell sound起来），（尝起来）tasteThis kindof clothfeels very soft.这种布手感很软良药苦口利于病Medicine tastesbitter but it curesdiseases.同步练习
1.Those orangestaste.A.good B.well C.to begood D.to bewell
2.The materialverysoft.A fewyears later,he becamean officialat theImperial MedicalInstitute.Even thoughhe fulfilledhis fathersdream hedidnt wantto continueworking for the court.One yearlater,he leftthe courtand returnedto bea doctoragain.Li Shizhen.was famousfor hisbook,Compendium ofMateria Medica《本草纲目》）.He spent27years writingthe book.Unluckily,Li Shizhendied beforethebookwas officiallypublished.It issuch asuccessful book.Now it is stilloneof themost importantmedical booksin China.
26.What wasLi Shizhe/s grandfatherA.An official.B.A prince.C.A countrydoctor.D.A writer.
27.What didLi Shizhens father wantLi Shizhento doA.To bea doctor.B.To writea book.C.To bea prince.D.To enterpolitics.
28.When he was38,Li Shizhencured.A.his grandfatherB.the sonof thePrince ofChuC.an officialin thatcountry D.a famousdoctor
29.According to the passage,what wasLi Shizhenfamous forA.Working for the court.B.The book,Compendium ofMateria Medica.C.His longtraveling.D.Curing a lot of people.
30.What doesthe passagemainly talkaboutA.Li Shizhens life.B.Li Shizhensgrandfather/slife.C.Li Shizhensfathers life.D.Li Shizhensbook.BRecently,a juniorhigh schoolsent severalstudents back home becausethey（校月艮）broke the school uniformrules.Should studentswear school uniformsThe YoungWorld magazineheld adiscussion onthis topic（话题）.Kennedy:The schooluniform isvery important,because italways reminds（欺凌）.me thatI amsupposed togo out of myway tostudy hard.It alsohelps preventschool bullyingIf everyonewearsthe sameclothes,itisimpossible tolaugh atother peoplesclothing.（获得）Manson:The uniformhas to be earnedthrough efforts.Students shouldstart schoolwith nouniforms.As they make progressat school,they startwearing it.I alwaysthink childrenneed to be proudof theirschool.Theuniform isimportant forthat.So,make studentsearn it!If theydont performwell,they should not beallowed to getone.Moorhead:In myopinion,kids donthave towear uniforms.There shouldbe morechoices opento kidsineducation.They oughtto developtheir ownindependence andjust bethemselves.Their personalitieswould beexpressedthrough theirown clothesat school.And differentdress couldbe oneway ofshowing theirunderstanding ofbeauty.Besides,theymaketheschoollively andcolorful.Patrick:I cansee theadvantages ofwearing schooluniforms.They playa veryimportant rolein managingschools.However,a schoolshouldnotdepend heavilyon uniformsto improvestudents behaviors.Teaching themhow to（信，心）express themselveswith confidenceis moreimportant.
31.What doesthe writermean todo inParagraph1A.Present anopinion ona subject.B.Introduce atopic fordiscussion.C.Provide away tosolve problems.
32.What isKennedy in the secondparagraphA.A student.B.A teacher.C.A parent.
33.In Mansonsopinion,.A.students havethe righttogetschooluniformsfor freeB.students shouldbe encouragedto earnschool uniformsC.students performingwell needntwear schooluniforms
34.According toPatrick,what ismore importantA.Managing schoolsby uniforms.B.Improving studentsbehaviors.C.Helping studentsexpress themselvesconfidently.
35.We canlearn fromthe textthat.A.Kennedy cantstand schooluniformsB.Moorhead isagainst schooluniform rulesC.the writerholds thesame opinionas Patricks
3.What youhave said.A.is soundedinteresting B.sounds interestingC.sound interestedD.listens interested
4.1feel tohave afriend likehim.He alwayshelps meout whenI amin trouble.A.luckily;B.happy;C.sorry
5.变化或结果的系动词用于表示主语变成什么样，常用的有（变成）,（长得）,（变得）,（变为）,（变得）,become growturn fallget go（变得）,（成为），（证明是）come proveThestudents fellquiet asthe scientiststarted tospeak.那位科学家开始讲话后，学生们安静下来她没多长时间就富了She grewrich within a shorttime.这谣言证实有假The rumorproved false.她得病一周了It sa weeksince shefell ill.特别提示•的区别
1.get,become,go,turn,grow）一般表示变化过程已经完成，较正式，通常不用来表示未来的事，后接形容词、名词、过去1become分词作表语海伦成了一名电子工程师Helen becamean electronicengineer.）表示一种变化过程，强调的是“渐渐变得，更口语化，通常接形容词，也可以用在2get lost,等过去分词的前面broken,dressed,married我们的国家日益强大Our countryis gettingstronger andstronger.昨夜我遇上了倾盆大雨Last nightI gotcaught inthe downpour.）多表示从好的状态变成坏的状态，通常接等或表示颜色的形容词3go mad,crazy blind,bad机器出了毛病Something hasgone wrongwith themachine.）侧重于“变得与以前完全不同”后多接表颜色的及表天气的形容词，如果接名词，要省略冠词4turn成为作家之前他是一名教师He used to bea teachertill heturned writer.她冻得脸色发青了She turned/went bluewith cold.）侧重于“逐渐变得……”，强调变化的过程5grow他渐渐老了He isgrowing old.同步练习
1.1t colderand colderin winter.A.becomes B.get C.becoming D.is coming
2.Don,t eatthe food.It bad.A.go B.was gettingC.goes D.smell
3.She engineerlast year.A.became B.is becomingC.is D.turned的区另
2.look,seem,appear U）在意义上1一般用于非正式场合，侧重指从本身外表特征上由视觉得到的印象look指说话人内心的估计与判断，有一定依据，接近于实际情况seem常用于正式文体中，指某事物或人给他人的表面印象，有时含有实质上并非如此之意appear（指其长相看起来相像）He lookslike hisfather.（指说话人从个性方面得到的判断）He seems like hisfather.My musicteacher isfifty butshe appearsyoung.我的音乐老师已五十岁了，但看起来很年轻（其实并不年轻））之后可接介词但之后一般不能2look,seem like,appear他看起来像个大傻瓜He looks/seemslikea fool.）和后可接不定式和引导的从句，但较少用3appear seemthat look他似乎去过许多地方旅行He seems/appears tohave travelledalot.他似乎很累了It seems/appears that he isvery tired.
3.keep,remain,stay）系动词意思是“保持……状态”，后常接形容词或介词短语，如1keep等alive,awake,cheerful,silent,dry,well,fit,fine,close,clean,happyIn orderto keepfit,all studentsgo infor sports.为了保持健康，所有学生都参加体育运动我们最好保持联系We dbetter keepin touch.）意思是“仍然存在……状态”，后接形容词、过去分词、名词或介词短语，强调某种状态前后无2remain变化彼得当了法官，而约翰依旧是渔民Peter becamea judgebut Johnremained afisherman.你的房间依旧是这样子Your roomremains likethis.）系动词是“保持……状态”，后接形容词、分词等常可与互换3stay keep门一直关着The doorstayed closed.请继续坐着Please stayseated.I hadto stayawake allnight lookingafter thesick baby.我照顾那个病儿，一整夜没有睡一些系动词同时也是实义动词，如果是及物动词可有被动语态，可以单独作谓语
4.对比这些句子他昨天病了（是系动词,后跟表语，说明主语情况）He fellill yesterday.fell他从梯子上摔下来（是实义动词，单独作谓语）He felloff theladder.fell她闻了闻那块肉（是实义动词，说明主语动作）She smeltthe meat.smelt这些花闻起来很香（是系动词,说明主语的特点）The flowerssmell very sweet.smellIt wascloudy thismorning,but fortunatelyit has turned fine.今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了（系动词）屋里的灯都关掉了（实义动词）All thelights inthe housewere turnedoff.瞬间系动词与时间段连用
5.英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词,如等不能与时间段，时间点，等become,turn,prove“for+since+until,so far直接连用如
①不能说He has become apoliceman for12years.应改为He has been apoliceman for12years.
②不能说He hasturned writersince eight years ago.应改为He hasbeen awrite sinceeightyearsago.
③不能说He gotangry until his child came backhome.应改为Hedidn tget angryuntilhischildcamebackhome.
二、表语:表语用来说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态，与系动词一起构成复合谓语，即简单句五种句型之一“主语+系动词+表语”表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语或起名词、形容词作用的词或短语（如不定式，动词・ing形式等）担任，也可以是从句但是许多系动词多接形容词或相当于形容词的词，如动词-ing形式汽车尾气成了——个主要问题Pollution fromcars hasbecome amajor problem..请随便谈谈你的想法吧Please feelfree tosay whatyou reallythink我对她的健康状况感到忧虑I mmuch worriedabout herhealth.浪费时间就是自杀Wasting timeis killingyourself.明天我上班时来见你Come tosee metomorrow whenI amat work,这就是我们有分歧的地方This iswhere wedisagree witheach other.特别提示•）；可接引导的表语从句从句如果与事实相反或很难1look,smell,sound,feel appear,seem as if/as though实现，要用虚拟语气（）She seemedas ifthough shecouldn tunderstand whyLaura wasthere.看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉在那儿It soundsto meas thoughthere sa taprunning somewhere.我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音（虚拟语气）He lookedas ifhe hadjust steppedoutofmy bookof fairytales.他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的（虚拟语气）It seemsasifit werespring already,butits onlyFebruary.才二月份，就好像是春天了）可用于“代+系动词从句”结构的有等，不可用2+that seem,appear be,lookIt seemedthat hehad madesome seriousmistakes inhis work.好像他在工作中犯了严重错误好像他在自言自语It appearedthathe was talkingto himself.）能用不定式作表语的系动词有3be,seem,get,look,appear,prove,growo她的工作是照料孩子们Her jobis tolook afterthe children.他好像不是她的父亲He seemsnot tolook afterthe children.我的建议证明是错误的My adviceproved to be wrong.）能与连用的系动词有4there be,appear,seem那儿好像只有一个房间There appearedtobeonly oneroom.【语法专练】
（一）选择填空
1.My brother a teacher.He hispupils verymuch.A.is,like B.is,likes C.are,likes D.are,like
2.A:How manydays thereinaweekB:There seven.A.is,is B.are,are C.is,are D.are,is
3.1tired lastnight.A.became B.felt C.looked D.am（苍白）
4.Her facepale whenshe heardthe badnews.A.got B.is C.turned D.was
5.You pale.Whats wrongwith youA.turn B.seem C.look D.become
6.The boyill today.A.are B.is C.be D.am
7.Which bigger,the sunorthemoonA.are B.is C.be D.x
8.Neither shenor Ia doctor.A.am notB.am C.are D.is
8.1a workernext year.A.am B.will beC.beD.will
10.Her voicelike mymothers.A.sounds B.sound C.looks D.look
11.It oftenrains andthe cropsfast.A.get B.turn C.grow D.become
12.A:How areyou now8:Much better,thank you.A.getting B.feeling C.D.turningmaking
13.The teacherssmile mademe better.A.feel B.to feel C.feeling D.felt
14.My Englishteacher.A.all look young B.looks youngC.lookyoungD.all looksyoung
15.1busy now,but Ifree nextweek.A.am,am B.am,will C.am,will beD.being,will be
16.1at thisschool forabout twomonths.A.am B.will beC.have beenD.was
17.My brotherintheLeague forabout fiveyears.A.have beenB.hasbeenC.was D.is
18.Come to my officeif youfree tomorrow.A.areB.willbeC.was D.is（蒸气）.
19.If waterheated,it willbe intovapourA.was,turned B.is,turned C.is.get D.was,got
20.If youdont takeback whatyou justsaid,Mother angry.川A.is B.w beC.get D.feels
21.Neither ofus adoctor.A.am B.are C.is D.wereA.turns B.become C.hasbecomeD.hasturned
23.The girlsface red.A.turned B.got C.feel D.look
24.He veryglad.A.looked B.turned C.feel D.looks（芳香）.
25.The flowersfragrantA.get B.smells C.smellD.feels
26.The tablevery smooth.A.look B.turn C.feelsD.smell
27.Jack youngerthan Tom.A.look B.feelC.feelsD.looks
22.He afamous writer.A.happy B.tobehappy C.happily D.that sheis happy
28.She looks
（二）用的适当形式填空smell,taste,go,get,become,grow,seem,look,feel,turn
1.You veryyoung.
2.At firstthose questionseasy,but laterI foundthem difficult.
3.After thesports meeting,he verytired.
4.My youngerbrotherastudent lastyear.
5.When weup,were goingto helpbuild upour country.
6.The flowersverysweet.
7.Her facered.
8.Jack veryhappy.
9.The mooncakegood.
10.The meatbad.
（三）把下列各句译成英语她看起来很年轻
1.天色渐黑，咱们回家吧
2..他好象匆忙的样子3为什么他感到悲伤？
4.我祖母的头发变白了
5.约翰成了一名好学生
6.年我哥哥成了一名解放军战士
7.
1995.他来看我时，我在生病8整天工作后，汤姆感觉又饿又累
9.听到这个好消息时，她的脸色变红
10.他的答案似乎正确1L课后作业
一、选择填空
1.Mum,what areyou cookingIt sosweet.A.tastes B.feels C.sounds D.smells
2.You caniron yourown shirts,A.do youB.dont youC.can youD.cant you
3.When peopleold,they cantdo thingsvery quickly.A.make B.get C.take D.do
4.Do youhave anytrouble thework intimeA.finish B.to finishC.finishing D.finished
5.my fathercant cometomyschool events.I dontmind.A.Although B.Because C.Since D.But
1.1amhappy,happily.
7.He issuccessful,successfully.
8.Lucy iskind,kindly.二.语法选择分15Once upona time,there was a smalltown.And therewasacave near the town.People called1the“Cave ofFear”.Many peoplehad exploredinto the cave2no onehad everreturned fromthere.So peoplelived interror.They wereafraid3the monsterwould leavethe caveone day.Since then,no onewent tothe caveany more.Many years4,a youngman cametothe town oneday.He heard5the situationof thecave,he decidedto enterthecaveand6the monster.The youngman wanted7personto gowith him,but everyonewas8afraid thata singleperson gotnearthemouth of thecave withhim.The youngman nevergave up.He wentinside thecave alone.Suddenly,he feltsomething hithim9on theback.This pushedhim forwardtowards ahole inthe rock.He10avoid it,and fellthrough.He thoughthewasabout to
11.However;as hefell,he heardmusic,and voices.They got12whenhereached closerto thebottomof thecave.He hearda groupofpeopleshout,“Surprise!”It was13big party!The partygoerswere allthose people14had neverreturned tothetown.They explainedto himthat thisplace hadbeen theidea ofan oldmayor of thetown.That mayorhad triedtodo15great things,but wasalways heldback bythe fearsof thepeople aroundhim.So hecreated thestory ofthemonster.He wantedto tellpeople thatfear wouldstop yourway toexploration.
1.A.itself B.it C.its D.its
2.A.if B.or C.but D.however
3.A.that B.where C.how D.whether
4.A.afterB.ago C.past D.later
5.A.fromB.about C.on D.for
6.A.metB.will meetC.meeting D.meet
7.A.anotherB.other C.others D.the other
8.A.veryB.so C.such D.even
9.A.hardlyB.harder C.hard D.hardest
10.A.mustntB.couldnt C.cant Dwouldnt
11.A.dieB.death C.dead D.dying
12.A.clearB.clearer C.clearest D.clearly
13.A.aB.an C.the D./
14.A.whoB.whose C.which D.whom
15.A.a lotB.few C.a littleD.some阅读理解（篇，每题分共分）4240ALi Shizhen（李时珍）was oneofthemost famousdoctors inChinese history.He wasborn inQichun,Hubei in
1518.Both ofLi Shizhensfather andgrandfather weredoctors.Li Shizhensgrandfather was（药草）a countrydoctor whotraveled inthe countrysidewith abag ofherbs and（治愈）medications andcured people.His fatherwas doctorwho wroteseveral books.Li Shizhenusedtohelp hisfather inhis medicalpractice whenhewasyoung.Li（从政）.Shizhensfatherwanted himto enterpolitics LiShizhen studiedfortheexams and（帝国的）passed thecountry-level examination,but hewas neverable topass theimperialexamination.When hewas38,he curedthe sonofthePrince ofChu andwas invitedtobean officialin（宫廷）that court。
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