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Lesson42Modern Cavemen□Part1:TextCave exploration,or potholing,as it has cometo beknown,is arelatively new sport.Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chanceof makingan unexpecteddiscoverythat luresmen down to thedepths of the earth.It is impossible togive asatisfactoryfexplanation for a pot-holer smotives.For him,caves have the samepeculiarfascination whichhigh mountainshave for the climber.They arouseinstincts whichcan only bedimly understood.Exploring reallydeep cavesis nota taskfor theSundayafternoon rambler.Such undertakingsrequire theprecise planningand foresightofmilitary operations.It cantake as long aseight daysto rig up ropeladders andtoestablish supplybases beforea descentcan bemade into a verydeep cave.Precautions ofthis sortare necessary,for itis impossible to foretellthe exact nature ofthedifficulties whichwill confrontthe potholer.The deepestknown cavein the world isthe Gouffre Bergernear Grenoble.It extendsto adepth of3723feet.This immensechasmhas beenformed byan undergroundstream whichhas tunnelleda coursethrougha flawin therocks.The entranceto the cave ison aplateau in the DauphineAlps.As itis onlysix feetacross,itisbarely noticeable.The cavemight neverhavebeen discoveredhad notthe entrancebeen spottedby thedistinguished Frenchpotholer,Berger.Since itsdiscovery,it hasbecome asort of potholers*Everest.Though anumber ofdescents havebeen made,much ofit stillremains to be explored.A teamofpotholersrecently wentdown theGouffre Berger.After enteringthe narrowgapon theplateau,they climbeddown thesteep sidesof thecave untilthey came to anarrowcorridor.They hadto edgetheir way along this,sometimes wading acrossshallow streams,or swimming across deeppools.Suddenly they came toa waterfallwhich dropped into an undergroundlake at the bottom of thecave.They plungedintothe lake,and afterloading theirgear onan inflatablerubber dinghy,let thecurrentcarry them to the other side.To protectthemselves from the icy water,they hadtowear specialrubber suits.At thefar endof thelake,theycameto hugepiles ofrubblewhich hadbeen washedup bythe water.In thispart of thecave,they couldhear aninsistentbooming soundwhich theyfound wascaused bya smallwater-spoutshooting downintoapool from the roofof thecave.Squeezing througha cleftin therocks,the potholersarrived atan enormouscavern,the sizeof ahuge concerthall.After switchingon powerfularc lights,they sawgreat stalagmites—some of them overfortyfeet high-rising uplike tree-trunks tomeet thestalactites suspendedfromtheroof.Round about,piles oflime-stone glistened in allthe coloursof the rainbow.In theeeriesilence of the cavern,the onlysound thatcould beheard wasmade bywater whichdrippedcontinuously fromthe highdome abovethem.
2.icywater刺骨的冷水
3.at thefar end在…尽头(强调尽头,注意意思的层次递进)eg.I wasat thefar endof mypatience.我忍无可忍了□Part4:GrammarDifficult point一.现在分词作伴随伴随状语的特点是它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的现在分词短语作伴随状语条件是由同一个主语发出两个动作或状态2)两个动作或状态是同时或者基本上同时发生的3)表示动作与句子主语之间是主动关系Thcg stoodtherefor〃八koar,watchSg theTheteacher camein theclassroom withhanding abook inhis hand.OPart Homework5:L背诵/css八42单词课文(重点语句解析需背诵).重点词记忆
2.练习总结课文3□Part2:New wordsand expressions
1.caveman n.(远古)洞穴人
2.pot-holing n.洞穴探险,洞穴探险运动
3.solitude[^olitjuid]n.孤独,寂寞
1.1ure[Ijue]v.引诱,诱惑
5.pot-holer n.洞穴探险者
6.rambler[raemble]n.漫步者,散步者
7.undertaking[,Anda,teikir]]n.任务,工作
8.foresight[fo:sait]n.预见;深谋远虑
9.foretell[fo:tel]v.预言
10.Grenoble[granoubl]n.格里诺布尔
11.chasm[tf^zam]n.断层,裂口,陷坑
12.flaw[fl:]n.小裂缝;缺点,瑕疵
13.distinguished[distirjgwijt]a.杰出的,著名的
14.Everest[evarist]n.珠穆朗玛峰
15.wade[weid]v.涉水
16.waterfall[wo:tefo:l]n.瀑布
17.gear[gio]n.(汽车)排档
18.inflatable[infleitabl]a.可充气的
19.rubble Abi]n.碎瓦,瓦块
1.1insistent[insistont]a.连续的,不断的
21.boom[bu:m]v.轰响
22.waterspout[*wotespaut]n.强大的水柱
23.cleft[kleft]n.裂隙,开口
24.cavern pkaeven]n.大洞穴
25.stalagmite[staelagmait]n.石笋
26.stalactite[staelaktait]n.钟乳石
27.limestone[laimstoun]n.石灰石
28.glisten[glisn]v.闪烁
29.eerie[iari]a.引起恐惧的,可怕的
30.dome[daum]n.穹窿,圆顶□-------------------------------------★(远古)洞穴人caveman mActually,you donthave to be acaveman tosurvive in the woods.事实上,在野外你不必像洞穴人一样生存□cave n.洞穴★・,洞穴探险,洞穴探险运动pot holingn★・.洞穴探险pot n者holerpotholer n.洞穴探险者Cave exploration,or potholing,as ithas cometo beknown,is arelatively newsport.洞穴勘察一或者洞穴勘探(人们已经熟悉了这个词语)一是一项较新的运动★「孤独,寂寞solitude solitiirdln.live in solitude独自(居住)生活I amnot fondof solitude.我不喜欢孤独He passedtwenty-four yearsinsolitude,他在孤独中度过了二十四年★山引诱,诱惑re[Ijue]v.
1.n.诱惑resist thelure抵御诱惑a lurefor...的诱饵a lureof...的诱惑a lureto对…的吸引力
2.v.引诱,诱惑诱惑…做…lure intoWelured afox intoa trap.我们把一只狐狸诱进了陷阱Cheese isvery goodfor luringamouse intoa trap.奶酪是引诱老鼠上钩的极好的东西lure on弓I诱・・・She luredCharley onuntil hedid justwhat shewanted.她不断引诱查理,直到他听命于她★「任务,工作undertaking Andeteikinln・agricultural undertaking农业企业government undertaking国营事业例He istoo timidtoventure upona newundertaking.他太胆小,不敢从事新的事业★「预见;深谋远虑foresight fo:sait]n.★.预言foretellvforesee预见forecast预测,预报fore前缀有前凑,前锋的意思例We cantforetell howtheworldwill end.我们不能预言世界将如何终结No onehad enoughforesight topredict thewinner.谁也没有足够的远见能预测哪一个获胜|[rsy rszrsy/fable「fe工balln.寓言;无稽之谈vi.编寓言;虚构vt.煞有介事地讲述;虚构◎^1!一般的通俗用语,往往指根据客观因素做出的预告,强调预先要发生的事指对未来事forecast件的预报、推测或设想,侧重最终可能出现的结果也叫1型较正常的正式用词,通常用于人指根据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预告,隐含有科学的准确性指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判断foresee★『断层,裂口,陷坑chasm tfaezemln.n.分歧,不同,裂痕a deeppolitical chasmbetween thesetwo countries两个国家间的很大的政治分歧例There isalways avast chasmbetween rich and poor.贫富的鸿沟始终存在The chasmbetweenyou andhe cannot besolved byus.你和他之间的裂痕不是我们能解决的★什匕•小裂缝;缺点,瑕疵flaw1nfind picka flaw找出缺点in ajewel flaw珠宝上的瑕疵in onescharacter flaw性格缺陷without flaw无可挑剔例The flawin thisvase makesit lessvaluable.这个花瓶因为有点缺陷,不那么值钱了||rs/rs/
1.flaw[fl:]n.瑕疵,小裂缝,小错,弱点;fatal flaw致命的弱点
2.cleft[kleft]n.裂缝,裂口(自然形成)((尤指岩石、地表的)裂缝;额头(或下巴)中间的竖缝;(身体)V字形凹陷)a naturalcrack in the surfaceof rocksortheearth etc.asharp cleft between richand poor贫富之间的巨大差异
3.cleavage「kli:vid3]n.(劈裂的)裂痕,不同意见(n.劈开,分裂;[晶体]解理;[胚]卵裂)crevice[krevis]n.(岩石上的)细小裂缝(a narrowcrack,especially inrock)a sharpcleavagein theattitudes towardseducation关于教育的截然不同的意见cleave
1、劈开[文学性]
2、cleave to坚忠于[正式]
4.fissure n.裂缝,(尤指岩石上的)裂沟;分歧v.(使)裂开,分裂(a deepcrack,especially)in rockor earth
5.crack n.(一个)开口,缝隙(
1、使…破裂;破裂
2、使…喀啪作响;发出辟裂声
3、撞击
4、叩开(壳鸡蛋)
5、破解难题,密码等)最普通的用词eg.She openedthe doora crackand slippedin.
6.gap n.间隙;缺口;差距;分歧(an emptyspace betweentwo objects)强调空间the generationgap代沟eg.There iswide gapin myknowledge ofhistory,我历史知识十分缺乏★,杰出的,著名的distinquished[distinqwift]adistinguished forLU...而著名・・・distinguished symbol已发出的信号,判别符…distinguished sequence特异序歹Udistinguished guest贵宾,嘉宾,上宾…distinguished byVX...而著名.・・例Distinguished guestsand friendsfromthemedia:Good morning!尊敬的各位来宾,新闻界的朋友们:上午好!★「,珠穆朗玛峰Everest everistlnDo youknow whatis theelevation ofMount Everest你知道珠穆朗玛峰的海拔高度是多少吗?★,涉水wade Fweidlvwade throughsthHe wadedthrough thatlong novelat last.他终于读完了那部长篇小说□wading bird涉水鸟wader跋涉者wading pool浅水池lAr waterfall[fwo:tafo:ll n.瀑布□snowfall暴雪.汽车排档□qear[gjg]n档位,工具,装备
1.n.change shiftgears换挡keep allthe gearin把所有衣物放在…load thegear into把工具装上…・调整,使适应2v.换慢挡,减少1qear downHegeared downas hecame into the corner.他至U拐角处放f曼了速度换快挡,促进,提高,使准备好2gear upWhenyou aregoing fastenough,youll beable togear up,车开得足够快时,你就能换挡加速相互啮合3qear intoeach other加以调解使适合4gear toWehave togear ourlives to the newchanges.我们必须使自己的生活适应新的变化.可充气的□inflatable[infleitebll ainflatableboat充气橡皮艇inflatable aircraft充气式飞机□inflate v.膨胀,使膨胀inflate thepaper currency滥发Z氏币,・.He isinflated withpride.他趾高气扬★「碎瓦,瓦块rubble sblln,rubble wall毛石墙★.连续的,不断的insistent[irTsistantl a例He wasinsistent onwalking home.他坚持走回家□insist v.坚持insist ondoing sth.坚持做某事We insist on self-reliance.我们坚持自力更生They alwaysinsistona highstandard.他们一贯坚持高标准They insistedon helpingus in the kitchen.他们坚持要给我们帮厨★.轰响boom[bu:ml v
1.n.轰响the boomofthecannons
2.V.急速增长;eg.After theboom,everything isgloom.boom town新兴的工业城市Business isbooming.商业正日趋繁荣★裂隙,开口cleft[kleftl n.in acleft stick在进退两难中…frost cleft冻裂a sharpcleftbetweenrichandpoor贫富之间的巨大差异★「•闪烁alisten alisnlvThe streetglistenedintherain.街道在雨水中闪光Her eyesglistened withtears.她眼中的泪水在闪烁★「引起恐惧的,可怕的eerie ierila.intheeerie silence令人恐怖的寂静之中★「穹窿,dome deumln.the bluedome ofsky苍穹under thedome穹顶之下柴静,雾霾★Part3:Notes onthe text★Cave exploration,or potholinq,as ithas cometo beknown,is arelativelynewsport.as ithas cometobeknown...as引导方式状语从句“正如人们已开始知道的那样”Comet变成某种状态,有一个方向性,“从过去到现在,逐渐地”,有一个发展的过程★Perhaps itis thedesire forsolitude orthe chanceof makinganunexpected discoverythat luresmen downtothedepths oftheearth.
1.lt isthedesireforsolitude...that lurespeople...(强调句)
2.downto副词down表示方向后紧跟的to介词,表目的对象
1.It isimpossibletodo sthit做形式主语,属于固定句式…
2.For him,him指洞穴探险者・・・・
3.havethefascination for★Thev arouseinstincts whichcanonlybe dimlvunderstood.Exploring reallydeep cavesis nota taskfortheSunday afternoonrambler.Such undertakingsrequire theprecise planningandforesight ofmilitarv operations.which从句的用法,引导宾语从句military operations.军事彳亍动★It cantake aslong aseiaht davsto riaup ropeladders andtoestablish supplybases beforea descentcan bemade intoa verydeepcave.
1.it takessb sometime todo sth花费某人时间去做某事,it是形式主语
2.aslongas只要,长达・・・・
3.rigup装配,装在★Precautions ofthis sortare necessary,for itisimpossibletoforetell theexactnatureofthedifficulties whichwill confrontthepotholer.
1.precaution n.预防措施take precaution采取预防措施
2.the natureof属…性质Let thenature takeits course顺其自然
3.confront v.面对,遭遇confront sbwith sth特化为(以某事物)与(某人)对质例On myfirst dayat workI wasconfronted withthe taskof chairinga meeting,befaced with★The deepestknown caveintheworld istheGouffreBeraer nearGrenoble.It extendstoadepth of3723feet.This immensechasmhas beenformed bvan underaroundstream whichhas tunnelledacourse throuqha flawintherocks.The entrancetothecave ison aplateauintheDauphine Alps.
1.known过去分词作定语the deepestknown cave已知的最深的洞穴
2.extend to延伸到…
3.be formedby以什么形成
4.The entranceto・・••的入口★Since itsdiscovery,ithasbecome asort ofpotholers Everest.Thouah anumber ofdescents havebeen made,much ofit stillremains tobe explored.much ofit stillremainstobeexplored有待于进一步勘探,though引导让步状语从句,主句是much ofit后面的内容★Thev hadto edaetheir wavalong this,sometimes wadinqacrossshallow streams,or swimminaacross deeppools.Suddenlv thev cametoa waterfallwhichdroppedinto anundergroundlake atthe bottomofthecave.Ledge oneswayalong…侧身缓缓的向前移动(强调探险存在一定的危险性)
2.wadingacross和swimmingacross现在分词作伴随状语
3.atthebottomof在…的底部
4.drop into落入,跳入(文中指瀑布流下)★Thev plunaedinto thelake,and afterloadina theiraear onaninflatable rubberdinqhvJet thecurrent carrythemtotheotherside.To protectthemselves fromthe icvwater,thev hadto wearspecialrubber suits.At thefar endofthelake,thevcameto huaepiles ofrubblewhich hadbeen washedup bvthe water.
1.plunge into跳入。