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2023-2024学年度外研版选择性必修三Unit5Learning fromnature课时作业课时作业
(一)主题阅读集群训练(限时40分钟)I.阅读理解A(2023•合月巴模拟)Ever sincehumanity began to farmour ownfood,wevefaced theunpredictable rainthat isboth friendand enemy.It comesand goeswithoutmuch warning,and afield ofleafy greensone yearcan dryup andblow awaythe next.Food securityand fortunesdepend onsufficient rain,and nowheremore sothan inAfrica,where96%of farmlanddepends onrain insteadof theirrigation commoninmore—developed places.It hasconsequences:South Africa5s ongoingdrought―theworst inthree decades—will costit at least aquarter ofits cornharvest thisyear.Biologist Jill Farrant of the Universityof CapTown in South Africasays thatnaturehas plentyof answersfor peoplewho want to growcrops inplaces withunpredictable rainfall.She ishard atwork findinga way to takequalities fromrarewild plantsthat areadapted toextreme dryweather anduse themin foodcrops.The typeof farmingI amaiming foris literallyso thatpeople cansurvive asitsgoing to get drierand drier,v Farrant says.Extreme conditionsproduce extremelytough plantsand a few fierceplants arehighlyadaptable to the ever—changing conditions.Farrant callsone of themresurrection plants(复苏植物).During monthswithout waterunder aharsh sun,they fadeand contractuntil theylook likea pileof deadgreen leavesbut rainfallcanrevive themin thematter ofhours.That isto say,when theydetect andextenddry period,they producesugars andcertain stress-associated proteinsand othermaterialsin theirtissues toenter aglass-like statethat is“the moststablestate that a plantcan maintain
2.(完成句子)So wedlike toinvite youto joinus andwe dobelieve thatthere is noong moresuitable thanyou(没有人比你更适合)for thiscompetition.
3.(完成句子)The serverdesigned(被设计)store hugeamounts ofdata.
4.(完成句子)I takeit forgranted that(想当然地认为)parents shoulddoeverything forus,which actuallyis wrong.
5.(完成句子)Last Sunday,our schoolheld afive-kilometer cross—countryrunning race,in whichall studentsin Senior3took part(高三全体学生都参加了).
6.(完成句子)When runningall the wayto the footthemountain(一路跑到山脚下时),some studentsfell behind.
7.(同义转换)Lang Pingdidnt respondto the question that reporter asked.fLang Pingmade noresponse to thequestionthatreporterasked.
8.Because hewas busywith a very important experiment,he would not attendthe party.fBecause hewas employedin doinga veryimportant experiment,he wou1d notattend theparty.(同义句转换)f Employedin doingaveryimportantexperiment,he wou1dnot attendtheparty.(分词短语作状语)
9.Traveling canbroaden your mind,but its nota good idea to spendtoo muchtime and money on it.(用while引导的让步状语从句改写)f While工raveling ganbroaden your mind,itsnotagoodideatospend toomuchtime andmoneyonit.
10.(一句多译)由于种种原因,汤姆辞去了委员会的职务
①For variousreasons,Tom resignedfrom the committee.
②For variousreasons,Tom resignedas amember of thecommittee.n.语法填空No matterwhether we,re writing,cooking orbuilding,the firstthing—1―appears inourmindis:What canwe addto makeit betterWhydo wethink thisway Researchers2publish apaper aboutthe humantendencyto makechanges throughaddition in the last journal Nature.The researchteam designeda Legoexperiment inwhich3small plastic figurestands undera roofsupported bya singlepillar柱子in onecorner.How wouldyouchange thestructure4place abrick on the roofwithout causingthe roofto collapseonthe plasticfigure Eachadditional Legoblock wouldcost10cents.The teamfound thatthe majorityof participantschose tostabilize the roof5—adding blocksto preventthe rooffrom collapsing.But infact,thereis a6simple way—get ridoftheoriginal pillarand fixtheroof7—direct tothebase.uAdditive ideascome to mind quicklyand easily,—8―subtractive减法的ideas require more cognitive认矢口的effort,v co-author ofthe paperBenjaminConverse toldScienceDaily.Because peopleare oftenmoving fastand workingwiththe first9idea that come tomind,they end up10accept additivesolutionswithout consideringsubtraction atall.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文研究发现,人类倾向于通过添加来做出改变而考虑使用减法
1.that考查定语从句定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词thing被序数词the first修饰,故应用关系代词that
2.published考查一般过去时根据in thelastjournalNature”可知,此处应用一般过去时故填published
3.a考查冠词此处第一次提到plasticfigure,所以表泛指,应用不定冠词,且small以辅音音素开头,故填a
4.to place考查不定式分析句子结构可知,此处应用不定式作目的状语故填to placeo
5.by考查介词此处是指通过添加积木来稳定屋顶,应用介词by表示“通
6.simpler考查形容词比较级此处与前面的“添加积木来稳定屋顶”作比较,是指有一个更简单的方法,应用形容词比较级故填simpler
7.directly考查副词修饰动词fix应用副词故填directly
8.but考查连词上文uAdditive ideascome tomind quicklyand easilyv和下文^subtractive ideasrequiremorecognitive effort”之间构成转折关系,且空格后没有逗号,故用转折连词but
9.ideas考查名词复数根据定语从句“thatcometomind中的come”可知,关系词that代指的是名词复数故填ideas
1.活动开展的时间、地点;
2.活动过程;
3.你的感受注意
1.写作词数应为80左右;
4.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯参考范文To refreshourmindand reducepressure fromour studyand work,students andteachersof Senior3took atrip in the WestMountain Park.At800am,all thestudents andteachers gatheredontheplayground and thenmarched in a linetowards thepark.We wereall inhigh spirits.We sang,told jokesandchatted aswe climbedalong thewinding walkways,enjoying greentrees andblossomingflowers.At around1000am,we reachedthe lawnsquare atthe topofthe mountain,where wehad arest,took photosand sharedsnacks.An hourlater,we pickedup afterourselves andbegantoreturn.Although mylegs wereheavy whenI returnedschool,Im proudthat Icould havetheperseverance tocomplete thetrip.I willcarry forwardno matterwhat challengeslieahead inmy study.Last year,after Chinese team publisheda draftgenome(基因组)of rockviolet,one ofthe beststudied resurrection plants,Farrant andcolleagues publishedadetailed studyof anothercandidate.One orboth ofthese modelswill helpresearcherstest theirideas一so farmostly donein thelab一on testplots.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍为了应对极端干旱气候对一些地区农作物产生的影响,科学家正在努力寻找方法,从已经适应极端干旱气候的稀有野生植物中提取特殊品质,并将其用于粮食作物但目前该研究还在实验阶段
1.Which canbe responsiblefor thereduction incorn cropinSouthAfricaA.Facing unpredictablerain.B.Lacking advancedirrigation.C.The foodsecurity.D.The ongoingdrought.解析选D细节理解题根据第一段最后一句可知,持续的干旱是南非玉米减产的原因
2.Why doesJillFarrantconduct therelevant studyA.To maintain the moststable stateof toughplants.B.To growcrops inplaces withunpredictablerainfall.C.To applythe specialquality ofwild plantsto humanfarming.D.To surviveextreme dryweather andever-changing conditions.解析选C细节理解题根据第二段的“She ishard atwork.・・Farrantsays.”可知,法兰特的相关实验是为了将野生植物的特殊品质应用于人类农业
3.What doesthe underlinedword“contract”in Paragraph3refer toA.Shrink.B.Die.C.Withdraw.D.Rest.解析选A词义猜测题根据画线词所在句可知,缺水以及强烈的阳光会让它看起来像一堆死了的叶子,由此可知,它褪色变小了故画线词意为“收缩,变小”,与shrink同义
4.What canwe learnfrom thelast paragraphA.The researchis stillon trial.B.Chineseteamworked harder.C.One ofthe candidateshas beenput intouse.D.The resultscontribute toresurrectionplants.解析选A细节理解题根据最后一段最后一句可知,该研究还在实验阶段BThe AliceFerguson Foundationis anon-profit groupthat worksto improvetheenvironment bybuilding relationships between people and nature.It teachespeopleways toprotect the environment.At theend ofthe year,it designsevents tohelpchildren celebrateChristmas withoutincreasing the amount of waste theycreate.Hanna Seligmannworks forthe foundation.VOA joinedSeligmann recentlyduringone of her talks.So let,s figureout whatis inour bagof trash.She showsadultsand childrenhow toreduce wasteduring theholiday gift-giving season.You cansort it as a cardboarditem oryou cansortitas aplastic item,“Seligmann workswithvolunteers.We encourageusing thingsthat arealready in your houselikenewspapers,old magazines,using a gift withinagift.You canwrap somethingin areusablenapkin,wrap somethinginascarf,or ashawl(围巾)or evena reusabletotote bag(大手提袋).”Lori Arguellesis theexecutive directorfor environmentaleducation atthe AliceFerguson Foundation.Over timewe realizedthat reallyjust doingtrash clean—upswas thesymptom ofthe problem,not gettingtothe root cause.And itwas justa littleovera decadeago thatwe startedthe initiativeitself.”One activityis calledthe TrashTimeline Game.It teacheschildren thatthethings theythrow awaydo not decompose atthe samerate.For examplepaper dissolvesinabout fourweeks.An applecore takestwo months.A metalcan takeup to100years.A plasticbag willnotdecomposefor450years.Glass takes1,000years.And,they say,styrofoam0包沫聚苯乙烯)never dissolves.Young peopletaking partin theprogram learnthat reducingwaste isimportantnot justduring theholidays,but everyday ofthe year.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了The AliceFerguson Foundation是一个致力于让公民参与环保的非营利组织,以及这个组织旨在引导人们在环保方面做出措施与行动
5.Why isthe AliceFerguson FoundationcreatedA.To helpchildren celebrateChristmas.B.To reducetheamountofwaste.C.To makethe environmentbetter.D.To buildrelationshipsbetweenpeopleandnature.解析选C细节理解题根据第一段可知,The AliceFergusonFoundation是一个致力于让公民参与环保的非营利组织,目的是让环境更好
6.What suggestiondoes Seligmanngive onwrapping giftsA.It isbetter touse cardboarditems to wrap gifts.B.It isbetter to wrap gifts in somethings capableof beingused again.C.It isbetter nottowrapgiftsinplastic items.D.It isbetter nottowrapgifts atall.解析选B细节理解题根据第二段最后一句可知,Seligmann鼓励人们用可再次利用的东西来包装礼物
7.What canwe inferfrom Lori Arguelles5s wordsA.Doing trashclean-ups meansa lotto protecting the environment.B.We stillneed tomake greatefforts onthewayto protectingtheenvironment.C,Over adecade ourefforts toprotect theenvironment provedfruitless.D.Over timewe foundtherootcause ofprotectingtheenvironment.解析选B推理判断题根据第三段中LoriArguelles说的话可知,要保护环境还需要付出更大的努力
8.Whats themeaning of“decompose“underlined inParagraph4A.Break down.B.Break out.C.Store up.D.Store away.解析选A词义猜测题根据画线词所在句并结合下文列举的例子可知,上文陈述的是关于物品分解速度的问题,故此处decompose意为“分解”,与break down同义II.阅读七选五Ways toGet YourKids intoNatureBeing innature forkids hastremendous healthbenefits.There aremany waysyoucan incorporatenature into your children,s lives,even ifyou liveinthecity.Inspire curiosityby beingcurious yourself.A parentsexcitement canbe spreadtothe children,and whenyou showrespect fornature,your childrenfollow suit.
9.“I dontknow!Lets findout together.isawonderful wayto getthe ballrolling.Be opento amutual adventureand allowyour curiousinner childto comeout whileyouexplore naturewith your children.
10.If youhave tocarpool(拼车)inthemorning,turn offthe devicesinsteadand encourageyour childrento lookout ofthe window.The earlymorning fallskiesare beautifulwith colorand migratingbirds.After all,even viewsof naturefromthe carwindow arecalming andbeneficial.Stop thinkingabout naturetime asleisure time.Time innature isan essentialinvestmentinyourchildren,s healthand well-being.If youview naturetime asessentialto goodhealth,you willbe morelikely toengage init.—XX―,nurturingcreativity andwonder ispart ofyour responsibilityas parents.Look atthe stars.Visit yourlocal observatory,and thendrive outofthecitysome morningor eveningfor yourown stargazing(天体观察)with ablanket andtelescope.Observing thestars offersa deeperand widerunderstanding ofthe universe.
12.Plant asmall garden.13—.Bean andpea plantsgrow quicklyand canbe eatenwhenmature,so teachyourchildren about foodand thewonder ofgrowth.A.Limit electronicdevices whiledrivingB.Encourage questionsyou dontknow theanswers toC.If youwanttoraise yourhealthy,well-balanced childrenD.If youhave thespace,help yourchildren plantafewvegetablesE.It willteach teamwork,pride inthe community,and familytogethernessF.If yourchild isinterested,encourage himtogetinvolved inthe communityG.Allow yourselfto thinkabout it,and talktoyourchildrenaboutthat wonder语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法
9.选B根据空后一句以及上文中的Inspire curiosity”可推知,此处表示鼓励孩子和你一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题,从而引起孩子的好奇心,故B项承上启下,符合语境
10.选A根据空后一句可推知,开车时关掉电子设备,多看看窗外也是一种与自然接触的方式,故A项衔接下文,符合语境
11.选C根据上文的Time innature...and well-being.n和空后的unurturingcreativity...as parents可推知,如果想要培养出健康、明智的孩子,培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任,故C项承上启下,符合语境
12.选G根据空前一句可推知,观察星空能够加深对自然界的理解G项中的it指代空前一句中的“the universe”,故G项承接上文,符合语境
13.选D空处承接空前一句,并与空后一句呼应,此处作者建议父母开辟一个小菜园,帮孩子种点蔬菜,一起见证它们生长的奇迹,故D项承上启下,符合语境III.完形填空From themoment myhusband broughthome abox ofsix chicksfrom TractorSupplyCompany atthe startofthepandemic,our nine—year—old,Sophie,hasn,t letthemout ofher sight.She14them Trixie,Bearty,Sweet Pea,Speedie,Captain Flint,andAdrian wewere readingTreasureIslandand watchingRockyat thetimeandwas very15when wewouldn,t letthem sleepin herbed.Sophie takesatleastone chickeneverywhere welet herand hasdone―16—thingswith herchicks.One hotday,she wantedto takeCaptain Flinttotheriver.I wasn,t so_1]about it:Could chickensswim Sophiej8a stickon herswimming ringforCaptain Flintto standon,andthetwo floateddown thecreek.Naturally,Sophie19as a chicken forHalloween andconvinced usTrixie hadtocome.The20from neighborswere funny.Wait,is thata realchicken youreholding”Trixie cooedthe wholetime.The chickensare teachingus aboutlove aswell asloss andgrief.21,CaptainFlint faced an untimely death after a hawk attack.We hadachicken22―,said afewwords aboutwhat agood chickenshe was,and thankedher forthe joyshe broughttoour lives23we buriedher.The chickensweren,t24inthehouse untilone morningafter onlineschool whenSophietold me,“Theres nothingto feelabout.Since then,weve allowedone insideata timeif Sophieimmediately26after thevisit.The chickensbrought27back toourlives.In afew shortmonths,they havetaught usto2g situations we can5t changeandfind joy where we can.1am sograteful.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了作者一家和六只小鸡之间的故事,这些小鸡给作者一家带来了欢乐
14.A.gave B.toldC.named D.showed解析选C根据后文“Trixie,Bearty,Sweet Pea,Speedie,Captain Flint,andAdrian”可知,此处是指苏菲给这些小鸡起名故选C
15.A.guilty B.upsetC.delighted.embarrassed解析选B根据上文“hasnt letthem outofhersightv可知,此处是指如果
16.A.reasonable B.incredible作者不让小鸡们在她的床上苏菲会很失落故选BoC.stupid D.common解析选B根据后文“she wantedto takeCaptain Flinttotheriverv可推测,苏菲对自己的小鸡做了很多不可思议的事情故选B
17.A.sure B.gladC.curious D.anxious解析选A根据后文“Could chickensswim”可知,作者也不确定鸡会不会游泳故选A
18.A.threw B.wavedC.carried D.balanced解析选D根据后文“a stickon herswimming ring”可知,苏菲在游
19.A.behaved B.functioned泳圈上平衡了一根棍子故选DC.served D.dressed解析选D根据后文“asachicken forHalloween”可知,此处指打扮成一只鸡来过万圣节故选D
20.A.praises B.experiencesC.reactions D.stories解析选C根据后文“from neighborswere funny.Wait,is thata realchickenyou,re holding可知,此处指邻居对此的反应故选C
21.A.Sadly B.LuckilyC.Clearly D.Frankly解析选A根据后文“Captain Flintfacedanuntimelydeathafterahawkattack可知,Captain Flint死去了,这是不幸的事情故选A
22.A.celebration B.funeralC.collection D.party解析选B根据后文“we buriedher”可知,此处指给鸡举行了葬礼故选Bo
23.A.unless B.becauseC.before D.after解析选c表达对鸡的感谢发生在埋葬鸡之前,应用before故选C
24.A.cooked B.allowedC.stroked D.chased解析选B根据后文“weve allowedone insideatatime”可知,一开始不允许鸡进屋里故选瓦
25.A.disappointed B.certainC.confused D.happy解析选D根据后文作者允许鸡进屋可推测,苏菲说自己不开心故选D
26.A.comes backB.cleans upC.goes awayD.gives in解析选B根据后文“after thevisit”可知,此处指在鸡来过之后,立即清理好屋子故选B
27.A.fear B.prideC.joy D.pain解析:选C此处呼应后文uand findjoywherewecan”,指鸡带来了快乐故选C
28.A.accept B.controlC.shape D.maintain解析选A根据后文situationswecant change”可知,接受无法改变的处境,应用accept故选A课时作业
(二)主题表达升格训练(限时40分钟)
1.根据要求完成下列句子
1.(完成句子)The studentstook notesas theylistened(他们一边听).。