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Its ironicthat many people whoclaim tolove wildlifehave noproblem allowingtheir catsto roamfreely outside.Cats areanimals,too.17Outdoor cats,however,dont thinktwice aboutkilling wildbirds.In caseyoure thinkingabout“warning“the birdsbyattaching abell to your catscollar,dont bother:Birds have an inborntendency toflee loud,startling noises,not jinglingpieces ofmetal.Dont feedany animalsbut birds.That deerthat wandersinto your backyard might look hungryand helpless.18Giving foodto animalsaccustoms them tohuman contact,but notall humanbeings areas warmheartedas you are.Feeding wildbirds,on the other hand,is OKas longas youdont have outdoorcats and you providea mealin keepingwith thebirds naturaldiet.19（）Clean uplitter notonly your own.If youreconcerned aboutprotecting wildlife,you knowbetter than to litter.But its not enough to keep yourownyard orpicnicarea clean.You shouldgo theextra mileand pick up cansand bottlesleft byother people.20A.Choose nutsand seedsrather thanprocessed bread.B・It seemscruel to keep themshut up inside thehouse.C.However,if youfeed it,you wontbe doingit anyfavors.D.Most peopledont wantwild animalsto destroytheir roses.E.Smal animalscan easilyget trappedin orinjured bythis litter.（草地）“F.If you have thespace,establishing a“mini meadowas aborder orboundary areais anothereffective way toattract birds,as well as beneficialinsects.（砍）G.If you have justpurchased ahouse ora pieceof land,you mightbe temptedto chopdown unsightlytrees.真题感知
1.[2023・新高考全国n卷]阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项As an artist whoshares herjourney on social media,Im oftenasked bycurious followershow to begin anart journey.Unfortunately,there is no magiclist Ican offer.I doremember,though,what itwas like to be a completebeginner.So Iveputtogether somegood tipsfor startinganartjourney.（素描本）•Start small.I suggestusing asketchbook forsmall studies.These smallstudies provideinspiration andmay beaspringboard formore complexworks in the future.
36.Youll want to lookback onyour journeyto seehow faryouve come.•Paint oftenand paint from life.There9snobetter way to improvethanto put inthose brushmiles.Whether youpaint stilllifes,portraits,or landscapes,paintfromlife asmuch aspossible.
37.•Continually challengeyourself totry somethingnew.
38.Artistic growthcan be a bitpainful.Welcome to the club;weve allbeenthere.I lovetaking onchallenges.I oncetook upa challengeto createa paintingevery day for amonth andpost theworksonline.（反馈）•
39.Seeking and accepting constructivefeedback iscrucial to growth.!post mywork onsocial mediaand,in turn,have metsome of the kindestpeople.They makeme feelvalued andrespected,no mattermy levelof artisticability.The journeyyoure onwont followa straightpath.
40.Push through,give ittime andput in the effort.You willharvest therewardsof anartistic life.A.Get out of your comfort zone.B.Make careerplans andset goals.C.Dont throwaway yourbeginner art.D.Share your work if you feelcomfortable doingso.E.Youll hitroadblocks,and youllfeel discouragedat times.F.Evaluate yourperfonnance and,if needed,redefine yourrole.G.Youll developthat paintingmuscle memorythat onlycomes withrepetition.
2.[2023年1月・浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项With gasprices risingand airportsecurity linessnaking longerthan ever,why notbook your next domesticvacation on a trainComparedto otheralternatives,its comfortableand relaxing.Here is some advice on how to makea tripby railas pleasantaspossible.Plan ahead.Most long-distance trains,especially thesleeping caraccommodations,sell outvery quickly.36But nomatterwhen youtravel,its a good ideato makeyour reservationsat least90days in advance.Use atravel agent.Consider turningyour travelplan overto atravel agentand lettinghim double-check allthe details,makesuggestions,and thenhandle theactual reservations.A goodone cansometimes findyou discountedtickets.37Then you wont have to walkthrough severalcars on a movingtrain threetimes a dayfor your meals.Bring ablanket.When youreriding ontrains,youwontbe providedwith ablanket forfree,even if your tripis anovernightone.38In thesummer inparticular,the airconditioning canmake themquite cold.Arrive early.Most trainsoperate justonce a day and some runonly threetimes a week,so missingyours can be adisaster.39Note:The timeslisted on the schedulesare departuretimes,not arrivaltimes.Have fun.40Read abook,knit,do acrossword puzzle,or simplywatch the world unfoldoutside thewindow.To calculateyourspeed as you do,divide3,600the number of secondsin an hourby the number ofseconds ittakes you to travel one milethedistancebetween twomileposts.If ittakes thetrain53seconds totravelonemile,youre going
67.92mph.A.Train tripsarent forimpatient types.B・Youll haveviews fromboth sidesof thetrain.C.The temperatureon railcars is often hard to control.D.Thats particularlytrue duringbusy summermonths.E.You mighthave towait longerthan24hours tocatch the next one.F.Chances arethe costwill bea lotless thanthe costof onebedroom.G.He mayalso book you in a sleeping car thafsright nextto thediner.•全国乙卷]
3.[2023根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项Indoor plantsmightlookas if they justsit aroundnot doingmuch,but in many waysthey arethe unsungheroes of the home.心叶青,
36.,but studieshave shown that theycan promotepeoples wellbeingby improvingtheir moodreducing stress andhelping theirmemory.Whats more,indoor plants are easy to lookafter and are notvery expensive.What areindoor plants物种）Indoor plants,also knownas houseplantsor pot plants,are plantsthat liketogrow indoors.Many of these speciesarenot ideallysuited to growing outsidein theUK,especially in the winter.
37..Why areindoor plantsgood foryouWill Spoelstra,who worksat theRoyal BotanicGardens,says,
38..I findduring thewinter months,plants around the housecanreally liftyour mood.^^Several studieshave backedthis upand found that indoorplants canimprove creativity,focus andmemory.There is also researchshowing thatpotplantscan cleanthe airaround themby removingharmful gases,such ascarbondioxide.They alsoremove someharmful chemicalsfrom paintsor cooking.
39..Which plantscan yougrowAloe vera,peace liliesand spiderplantsare some of the species that areeasy togrowindoors.You canbuy plantsfromsupermarkets,garden centresor online.Younger plantsare oftencheaper thanfully grownones,and youget tocare for them as theymature-which ispart of the joyof owningplants.
40.Spoelstra says.It canbring a new interestand focusinto peopleslives andhelp to make the linkbetween homeand nature.”A.All plantsare differentB.Not onlydo theylook beautifulC.There aremany benefitstogrowingplants indoorsD.Instead,they growbetter inside,where it is warmerE.Plants likepeace liliesand devifsivy areamong thebestF.Changing thepot of your plantfrom time to timewill alsohelp□.Learning aboutthe requirementsof eachplant can be veryrewarding年新高考卷
4.2022IFitness Magazinerecently ranan articletitled“Five Reasonsto ThankYour WorkoutPartner.^^One reasonwas:“Youllactually show up if you knowsomeone iswaiting foryou at the gym,“while anotherread:“36With a workout partner,you will（微妙）increase yourtraining effortas there is asubtle competition.So,how doyou find aworkoutpartnerFirst of all,decide what you wantfrom that person.37Or doyou justwant to be physically fit,able tomovewith strengthand flexibilityThink aboutthe exercisesyou wouldliketo do with your workoutpartner.You mightthink aboutposting what you arelooking fbronsocialmedia,but itprobably wontresult in a usefulresponse.38Ifyou planon workingout in a gym,that personmust belongto the same gym.My partnerposted herrequest on the noticeboard of a localpark.Her noticeincluded what kind oftraining shewanted to do,how manydays a week andhow manyhours shewanted to spend oneach session,and herage.It alsolisted herfavorite sportsandactivities,and providedher phonenumber.39You and your partnerwill probablyhave differentskills.40Over time,both of you will benefit—your partner（核心）will be able tolift moreweights andyou willbecome morephysicallyfit.The coreof yourrelationship is that you willalways be there to help each other.A.Your firstmeeting may bealittle awkward.B.A workoutpartner usuallyneeds to live closehy.C.Youll workharder ifyou trainwith someoneelse.D.Do you want to beabetter athletein yourfavorite sportE.How canyou writea goodseeking training partner“noticeF.Just acceptyour differencesand learn to workwith each other.G.Any noticefor a trainingpartnershould includesuch information.年月浙江卷
5.20221I havethe same24hours in adayas you do,but I have madespecific choicethat allowme to make the most ofevery dayandstill feelhappy andrelaxed.11Pick the most important.12Focus onspending time that foryou isfun andproductive.I chosethe life of anadviser becauseI liketowork withcompanies,but dont want the life of a bigcompany CEO.My choicesare basedon the lifestyle Iwant.Combine youractivities.Many peoplego crazytrying tofigure outhow tospend timewith friends,family,work,play,etc.13Findways toenjoy them inacombined manner.Build yoursocial lifearound peopleyour workenvironment.Find peoplein your（职业）company whoshare commoninterests anddevelop yourcareer aroundthe peopleand activitiesyou love.____14____You wouldthink learningtakes moretime fromyou,but actuallythere arealways newways ofdoing thingsthat cansave youtimeon dailytasks,freeing youup for the most important.Always belooking fora newway togain backan hourhere or there.Lighten up.The worldwont cometo anend inmost casesjust becauseyou lefta fewthings undoneCelebrate progressand keep（改进）refining toward a happy productive existence.15Every completionis asmall victorythat addsup ina bigway.A.Speed up.B.Be anactive learner.C.Stop trying to balancetime betweenthem all.D.Make choicesabout whatis meaningfulin yourlife.E.The things you dowell usuallygive yougreater joy.F.Perhaps thesetips will help youmake the most ofyour time.G.This iswhy makinglists isimportant inany productivityhandbook.年月浙江卷
6.20221I havethe same24hours inadayas you do,but Ihave madespecific choicethat allowmeto make themost ofevery dayandstill feelhappy andrelaxed.11Pick themostimportant.12Focus onspending timethat foryou isfun andproductive.I chosethelife of anadviser becauseI liketowork withcompanies,but dont want thelifeofa bigcompany CEO.My choicesare basedon thelifestyle Iwant.Combine youractivities.Many peoplego crazytryingtofigure outhowtospend timewith friends,family,work,play,etc.13Findways toenjoy theminacombined manner.Build yoursocial lifearound peopleyourworkenvironment.Find peoplein your（职业）company whoshare commoninterests anddevelop yourcareer aroundthe peopleand activitiesyou love.____14____You wouldthink learningtakes moretime fromyou,but actuallythere arealways newways ofdoing thingsthat cansave youtimeon dailytasks,freeing youup forthemostimportant.Always belooking foranewway togain backanhourhere orthere.Lighten up.The worldwont cometo anend inmost casesjust becauseyou lefta fewthings undoneCelebrate progressand keeprefining（改进）towardahappyproductiveexistence.15Every completionis asmall victorythat addsupina bigway.A.Speed up.B.Be anactive learner.C.Stop tryingto balancetime betweenthem all.D.Make choicesabout whatis meaningfulin yourlife.E.The thingsyou dowell usuallygive yougreater joy.F.Perhaps thesetips willhelp youmakethemost ofyour time.G.This iswhy makinglists isimportant inany productivityhandbook.年新高考卷
7.2021IMy husbandand Ijust spentaweekin Paris.36So thefirst thingwe didwas renta fantasticallyexpensivesixth-floor apartmentthe size ofa cupboard.It wasso tinythat wehad toleave oursuitcases in the hallway.（水管）The placewasnt entirelyauthentic,though.Unlike anormal Parisianapartment,the plumbingworked.37Our buildingeven had a tinylift with a femalevoice thatsaid,Ouverture desportesJ inperfect French.Thatis the only French phrase I mastered,and its a shameI donthave muchuse fbrit.Parisians are different fromyou andme.They neverlook lazyor untidy.As someonenoted inthis papera coupleof weeksago,they eatgreat foodand nevergain weight.38French strawberriesdo nottaste likecardboard.Instead,they explodein yourmouth likelittle flavorbombs.39On ourfirst morningin Paris,I wentaroundthecorner tothe foodmarket to pickupsome groceries.Ibought ahandful ofperfectly ripesmall strawberriesandalittle sweetmelon.My husbandand Iagreed theywere thebest fruitwehad evereaten.But theycost$18!In France,quality of life is much moreimportant thanefficiency.You cantell thisby cafeslife Frenchcafes arealways crowded.40When dothese peoplework TheFrenchtake their35-hour workweekseriously—so seriouslythat somelabor unionsrecently strucka deal with agroup ofcompanieslimiting thenumberofhours thatindependent contractorscan beon call.A.Not allthe customersare tourists.B.The qualityof lifein Franceis equallyexcellent.C.There was a nice kitchen anda comfortable bed.D.The amazingfood ismainly consumedby localfarmers.E.Thats notthe onlyreason theFrench eatless thanwe do.F.Our aimwas to see ifwe couldlive,in someway,like realParisians.G.The food is sodelicious that you dontneed muchof itto makeyou happy.年新高考卷
8.2021IIIf the only readingyou everdo is the novelor magazine,the speedat whichyou read-probably doesnot mattervery much.Butif you have to read agreat dealfor study,you willappreciate thebenefits ofbeing able to readmore quickly.16•Before youopen the book,make surethat you are comfortable.You needa seatwhich supportsyourbackand thebook shouldbeat the right distancefrom youreyes.1718Look atthe tableof contents,the preface,the chapterheading,etc.This willhelp youto decidewhetheryou reallyneed to read the whole bookor onlycertain partsof it.Ten minutesspent inthis waycould saveyou quitea lotof timeinthe longrun.If youdecide thatyou needtoreadthewholebook,decide how much you can read at atime.19A historybookwhich maycontain the facts instory formwillbeeasier toread thanone dealingwith scientificsubjects.In theformer caseyoumay be able toreadachapter.In thelatter youmay onlybeabletoreadone page.Always keepa penciland paperbeside you.20Note also thefactsimportant foryour purposeas wellasanything whichleads youto furtherresearch.You donthavetowrite thesethings indetail.It isenough toput thepage numberandone ortwo wordsas areminder.A.Stop to have arest nowand then.B.Spend a few minuteslooking through thebook.C.This depends on thetype ofbookyou are reading.D.Here are some tipsto helpimprove yourreading speed.E.Make anote ofany pagewhich isof specialimportance.F.You mayfind yourselfhaving tolearn somethingby heart.G.Keep theroom coolrather thanwarm toavoid feelingsleepy.年全国甲卷
9.2021Swap,Dont shop!You keephearing aboutrecycling,right But it doesntend withbottles,cans,and paper.Clothing takesa hugeamount of资源natural resourcesto make,and buyingloads ofnew clothingor throwingout oldclothing is not healthyfortheenvironment.So whatto dowith allthose perfectly-good-but-youre-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothespiled onyour bedroomfloor
16.Its thebestwayto get ridofyourused clothes,score clothesfrom yourfriends,and have a partyall atthe sametime.A successfulswap depends on theselection ofclothes,the organizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfun ishad.Itsreally easy todo!Here areafewpointers.一•Invite510people soyou havea niceselection.17,and theremay notbe enoughthings tochoose from;more thanthat,andit becomesuncontrollable.•
18.They shouldalso prepareplenty ofreusable bagsto carrytheir new”clothes home.•Put differenttypes ofclothing ondifferent surfacesin theroom.
19.Place afew mirrorsaround yourroom sopeople canseehow thingslook when they trythem on.One ofthe groundrules ofthe swapshould bethat eveiyonemust tryon theclothes beforetheytake them-things alwayslook differentwhen youput themon.•Set astarting time.Maybe yousay“go,or turnonacertain song,or whatever.
20.And dontforget toput outsome cookiesandfruits.Remember,its aparty!A.Less peoplethan thatB.Hold aclothing swapC.If twopeople arecompetingD.Just keepmusic playingthroughoutE.Donate whateverclothes areleft overF.Have everyoneput theirclothes in therightspotsG.Tell everyoneto bringclean clothesin goodcondition年全国乙卷
10.2021According toJessica Hagy,author ofHow toBe Interesting,its notdifficult to make yourselfinteresting ata dinnerparty.36,if youreout ofyourcomfortzone or if yourewandering intosomebodys housefbr thefirst time.So themain thingis justtoshowupand beadventurous,trying differentfoods andtalking tostrangers.People love to talkabout themselves.If you can startthe conversationwith aquestion otherthan“What doyoudofor aliving”,youll beabletoget a lot moreinteresting conversationout ofwhomever itis youretalking to.37,it canbring inIhavethisold,broken-down vehicle,,or“I rodethe buswith thesecrazy people who werelaughing atsilly jokesin theback.It justopens upconversation.（讲台）.38_If youcant taketheir wineaway,you shouldcertainly try to take away theirsoapbox If youre thehost,youcan ask themto help youin thekitchen withsomething andjust removethem from the situation.
39.And whatabout that other dinner-party killer:awkward silenceIf yourefaced withan awkwardsilence ata dinnerparty,the（赞扬）.only thingthat alwaysgets everyonetalking againis togive thehost acompliment
40.Just quicklyturn aroundand say,This cakeis extremelydelicious andyou haveto tellme allabout it.”So being interesting ata dinnerparty isntthat hard.A.How doyou knowthe hostB.The firststep is to goexploringC.If youaskthequestion Howdid youget here”D.Be preparedto haveawkward conversationswith strangersE.Or turnthe conversationinto atopic wherethey havelittle to sayF.What aboutthatpersonwho had too muchto drinkor wontstop talkingG.He orshe is the personwho isfeeling theweight ofthat awkwardnessthemost年北京卷
11.2021Music haslong beenconsidered to be anenjoyable pastimefor manypeople.1The mentalhealth benefitsfrommusic cantbe argued.Music couldalso behelping youwith many other health problems behindthe scenes.（分心）2However,forthe same reason,music can be verybeneficial ifone isin pain.By distractingthemind from the pain,music,people say,can lowerstress and anxiety levels.This,of course,can leadto lesspain.Many peopleenjoy relaxingmusic in the eveningprior togoing tobed.3While thevalidity ofthe ideais stillbeingassessed,the loweredstress caneven betied backto bloodpressure.Similarly,according toresearchers,listening tojust30minutes ofsoft musicevery daymay helpwith healthyblood sugarlevels,throughthelowering ofstress andanxiety.When itcomes to heart health,there isspeculation（推测）thatits notthe styleof music,but ratherthe tempothat makes it sogood foryourheart health.In oneEuropean study,participants listenedto musicastheresearchers monitoredtheir heartrates andbloodpressure.4On theother hand,whenthemusic slowed,the participantsstress andanxietylevels becamelower and the effectson heartrates appearedto followsuit.5But thereis a whole rangeof otherhealth issuesthat turningup theradio couldbe beneficialfor,which iswhat makes musicso valuable.A.This feelingcan alsoresult inmanyotherhealthproblems.B.Some expertssay thatmusic canbe harmfulif itis tooloud.C.This ideais alittle off-the-wall butstill hasscientific backing.D.They sayit canplay abig rolein calmingthe brainenoughtosleep.E.The implicationsof musicon overallwell-being arereally impressive.F.It isalso highlypopular due totheindividualized effectson stressandanxiety.G.Interestingly,the morecheerful themusic was,the fastertheir heartrates were.年月浙江卷
12.20216You*ve gotmail...and itsa postcardPauloMagalhaes,a34-year-old Portuguesecomputer engineer,loves toopen hismailbox andfind abrightly coloredpicture ofRomesColosseum.Or AfricasVictoria Falls.Or China*s GreatWall.11“I oftensend postcardsto familyand friends.n hesays toChina Daily,nbut youcan imaginethat aftera while,you neverreceiveas manyasyousend,andyourealize that not everyoneis intoit12Seeking otherlike-minded souls,however,Paulo startedlooking ina somewhatunlikely place:online.Many wouldsay theInternet isa placefor people who have（直觉）given uponthe traditional postalservice,but Paulo*s hunchpaid off.Today hishobby hasdeveloped into the websitepostcrossing.com,a socialnetwork thathas grownto575,217registered usersin214countries andregions sincehe startedit10years ago.13Running thewebsite hasalmostturned intoa full-time job.Language iscertainly aharrier for manypeople.For postcrossingto workworldwide,a commoncommunication languageisneeded sothat everyone can understandeach other.As coolas itmaybeto receivea postcardwritten inChinese,the conceptdoesntwork ifone doesntunderstand it.14So acommon languageis requiredand inpostcrossingthats Englishsince itswidely spoken.“Many peoplein Chinahave limitedexposure toEnglish.15That said,we knowof manypostcrossing members,includingChinese,who haveactually improvedtheir Englishskills throughtheir useof postcrossing,n Paulosays.A.And thatstotally fineB.That makesit extrahard tolearn andpractice itC.He likesto thinkof sendingpostcards asa family-friendly hobbyD.Many loveto makea connectionwith someonefrom acrossthe world.E.On August5,thenumberof postcardsexchanged bymembers topped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeak onlyChinese,receiving acard inSwedish takespart ofthe funaway.G.In short,he lovespostcards,and theexcitement ofgetting ahand-written notefrom someonefar away.年月浙江卷20211You runintothegrocery storetopickup onebottle ofwater.You getwhat youneed,head tothe front,and choosethe linethatlooks fastest.You chosewrong.People whoyou sweargot inother lineslong afteryouarealready checkedout andoff tothe parkinglot.11It turnsout,its justmath workingagainst you;chances are,theotherline reallyis faster.Grocery storestrytohave enoughemployees atcheckout toget alltheir customersthrough withminimum delay.H.Any smallinterruption-a pricecheck,a chattycustomer-can havedownstream effects,holding upan entireline.If thereare threelines in the store,delays willhappen randomlyat differentregisters.Think aboutthe probability:13So its notjust in your mind:Another lineprobably ismoving faster.Researchers haveagoodwayto deal withthis problem.Make allcustomers standin onelong,snaking line-called aserpentineline-and serveeach personatthefront withthenextavailable register.14This iswhat theydo atmostbanks andfast-food restaurants.With aserpentine line,a longdelay atone registerwont unfairlypunish thepeoplewholined upbehindit.Instead,it willslow downeveryone alittle bitbut speedup checkoutoverall.15It takesmany registerstokeepone linemoving quickly,andsomestores cantafford thespace ormanpower.So whereveryournextwait maybe:Good luck.A.Why doesthis alwaysseem tohappen to youB.So whydont mostplaces encourageserpentine linesC.Some ofthe mayhave stoodinaqueue foralmost anhour.D Thechances ofyour linebeing thefastest areonly onein three.E.How highistheprobability thatyouareinthefastest waitinglineF.With threeregisters,this methodismuchfaster thanthetraditionalapproach.G.But sometimes,as ona Sundayafternoon,the systemgets particularlybusy.accident theother day,hurt myright shoulder,leg andknee,and nearlybroke myneck.If Itake along walk,I getshort ofbreath.In fact,I feelmore deadthan alive.上面语段中，作者用层层递进的方式描述了自己的不幸遭遇，感到生不如死和tmakethings worseto crown清楚地表现了这种层递关系it all,）转折关系4转折关系指句子间意义表达发生转折，常用于进行对比、对照例如Cloning takesthe DNAfrom asingle cellto createawholenew individual.A clone is anorganism whichisgenetically identicalto anotherone.But itsnow certainthatnocloneis an exactcopy because of differencesin experiences.（克隆技术通过提取单个细胞的来创造出一个完整的新个体克隆体在基因上与另一个有and upbringingDNA机体是相同的然而，现在可以确定的是，由于经历和成长环境的不同，没有哪个克隆体是一丝不差的复制品）又例如Its temptingtoseethelifeofajournalist asglamorous andexciting,but aswith anyother occupation,thereisa lotofhard workand routineactivity.It alsodependsonwhatkindof publicationyou work for.However,each dayis differentandyouwillcover awide rangeof newsstories andfeatures.）总分关系5总分关系指前面的句子涉及两个或多个对象，后面的句子紧接着分别他们加以说明这种组织方式使语段前后呼应，彼此配合，意义表达条理分明例如（顺境朋友），Friends comeinmanyflavors.There arebest friends,school friends,fair-weather friendsforeverfriends andmany more.Best friendsare friendswith whom you spenda lotof timeand withwhomyoushare allyourthoughts andfeelings.School friendsaredifferent:you seeeachotherin schoolandyoustudy andhave funtogether,butyou maynot knoweverything abouteachother.Fair-weather friendsare friendswho onlylike youwhen youare happyorwhen youare popular.If youare feelingdown,or ifyouarehaving a problem,fair-weather friendsdontwant tospendtimeor talkwithyou.Forever friendsare friendsthat willalways listentoyou and tryto help you,even ifyou disagreeorifyouare havingaproblem.这一语段首先提出“朋友有许多种”，然后分别对和best friends,school friends,fair-weather friendsforever进行解释和说明friends）解释关系6解释关系指后面的句子对前面的句子进行阐释、引申、例证，从而使意义表达更加明了、具体、生动，更有说服力例如Do youknow that the averageperson putsonly25%of hisenergy andability intohis workThat meansthose whouse50%of theirability reallystand outfrom therest.And thevery fewwho actuallygive theirfull100%of strengthandsmarts totheir workbecome themost successful.Many peoplewant thegreener grass,but theydontwantto paythe higherwaterbill toget it!普通人在工作或学习中只投入了的精力和能力根据这一论断，作者进行了引申和阐释投入就25%50%会出类拔萃，投入就会最成功最后告诫普通人草坪要比别家更加翠绿，就要比别人承担更多水费100%）因果关系因果关系指句子之间在逻辑上存在因果联系在排列方式上，既可以采用前因后果，也可以7采用前果后因例如Advertisers discoveredyears agothat allof uslovetoget somethingoutofnothing.An advertisementwhich beginswiththe magicword FREEcan rarelygo wrong.These days,advertisers notonly offerfree samples,but freecars,freehouses,and freetrips aroundthe worldas well.又例如（城里生,城里长），The quietlifeofthe countryhas neverappealed tome.City bornand citybred Ihave alwaysregardedthe countryas something you lookat throughatrainwindow orsomething youoccasionally visitduring theweekend.）比拟关系8比拟关系指把深奥抽象的事物比喻为浅显易懂、具体生动的事物从而达到深入浅出、通俗易懂、形象生动的表达效果例如The surface ofthe earth islike theskin ofan orange,which cannotbe spreadout flatunless itis torninto strips.Thatis whyflat mapsofthewhole earthalways distortits appearance.此段把较为抽象的地球表面比拟成人们熟悉的橘子皮，形象地说明了为什么平面地图难以展示地球的真正地貌又例如Mercy bringsgood.Mercy fallslike thegentle rainfrom thesky upontheearth.It istwice blessed:It blessesthose（宽恕带who giveit,and thosewho receiveit.Its the highest ofthehighest.We shouldlearntoshow mercyto others.来善意宽恕像一场从细雨，从天空飘向大地它是双倍的赐福:既护佑宽恕他人的人，也护佑受到宽恕的人这是至高无上的美德我们应该学会宽恕别人）☆典例引领【典例1】【2023年1月・浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项With gasprices risingand airportsecurity linessnaking longerthan ever,why notbook yournext domesticvacation ona trainComparedto otheralternatives,its comfortableand relaxing.Here issome adviceon howto makea tripby railas pleasantaspossible.Plan ahead.Most long-distance trains,especially thesleepingcaraccommodations,sell outvery quickly.36But nomatterwhen youtravel,itsagood ideatomakeyour reservationsat least90days inadvance.【典例2]（2022・全国乙卷・节选）•Dont relyon technologyalone一一40,but long-distance friendshipseven closeones mayrequire moreconscious effortto sustain.Try toseek outchancesto renewfriendships.How todo itJust spendface-to-face time together wheneverpossible.D.Try tofindatimethatworks forboth ofyouandstick toitE.Friends needto talkabout theirpreferred methodsof communicationF.It iseasytohavea sense ofconnectedness throughsocial mediaG.You maybethefriend wholeft orthe onewho wasleft behind【典例3]（2021・新高考【卷・节选）My husbandand Ijust spentaweekin Paris.36So thefirst thingwe didwas renta fantasticallyexpensive sixth-floorapartment thesize ofacupboard.lt wasso tinythat wehadtoleave oursuitcases inthe hallway.（水管）The placewasnt entirelyauthentic,though.Unlike anormal Parisianapartment,the plumbingworked.
1.[20235How toStop Laughingat InappropriateTimesAlthough laughingat inappropriatetimes canbe embarrassing,its actuallya naturalreaction forsome peoplewhen they5refacing ahighly stressfulsituation.When youcant stoplaughing,youcandealwithit instead.36It takestime tolearn howto preventyour tendencyto laugh,but distractionisaneasy wayto stopyourself,inthemeantime.Try oneof theseoptions forshifting yourthoughts awayfrom whafssetting offyour laughter.Identify whatmakes you laugh inappropriately.Do youlaugh outof nervousness,or doyoulaughtodealwith painfulfeelingsMaybe youlaugh becauseyouhavealotof energyor havetrouble findingthe wordsyouwanttosay.37（舔）（呼气）Choose replacementbehavior forthe laughter.38For example,nod,lick yourlips,exhale slowly,or clicka pen.What youdecide toreplace yourlaughter withdependsonthe circumstancesthat arecausing yourlaughter.For example,you maylaughnervously duringwork meetings.If thisisthecase,click yourpen instead of laughing.Create aplan forreplacing yourlaughter.39Reviewing yourplan in your mindmakesitmore likelythat youHbeabletofollow through.（冥思）.Practice mindfulness40Besides,it helpskeep youaware ofyour surroundings.This,inturn,canhelp preventlaughing causedby distractingthoughts.A.Its noteasytolearn mindfulness.B.Distract yourselffrom yoururge tolaugh.C.What provesappropriate whenyou behaveyourselfD.What canyoudoinsteadoflaughing nervouslyE.Practicing mindfulnesscanhelpkeepyoupresent.F.Whatever yourreasons forlaughing,write downwhen yourlaughter iscausing youissues.G.Since youknow whatsmaking youlaugh andwhatyoucan doinstead,tell yourselfto followthrough withthe newbehavior..湖北省^一校第二次联考]
2.[20234If youvehadabad nightssleep,or youvejust gottoo muchtodo,the lastthingyouwanttobe toldisto“be positive!,
1.Of course,developing a positive attitudeis easiersaid thandone-it doesntcome naturallyto everyone.When yourefeelingdown,itishard tobe optimistic.But astudy hasfoundthatpeoplewhoare optimistsare morelikely tolive longerthan thosewhohave a more negativeapproach to life.So,maybe onceyou thinkofalonger life,2The studyconcluded that optimists mayfind iteasier tocontrol emotionsand getless stressed.And asstress impactson theimmunesystem,
3.Professor LewinaLee fromBoston Universitysaid:“Our findingsspeak tothepossibility thatraising levelsof optimismmay promotelongevity andhealthy aging.And sheadvises thatpessimists couldbenefitfrom doingthings likeimagining afuture whereeverything turnsout well.But ifyoure aglass halfempty,type ofperson,could seeingtheworldthrough rose-tinted glassesworkforyou Everybeanhas itsblack.4Some peoplesay itsbest tocelebrate thepositives andignore thenegative partsof ourlives.
5.Vicki Siskasays“Music feedsmy soul,asenseof humourkeeps thingsin perspective^.Pippa Kennedysaysbeing gratefulfbr whatyouhave!,,Other peoplerecommend doingyoga andmeditation aswellasstaying fittohelpmaintaina positiveoutlook onlife.A.Accepting thishelps uscontrol ouremotionsB,Accept itand makeefforts toimprove yourselfC.its possiblethatoptimistsbetter handleinfectionsD.But havingthis mindsetcould havemany benefitsE.Butitcould helpyouhaveapositiveoutlook onlifeF.it mightencourage youtohaveamorehopeful outlookon lifeG.People havetheir personaladviceonkeeping apositive approachtolife
3.[2023・安徽省、云南省、吉林省、黑龙江省适应性测试]There has been avery seriousdecline inthe numbersof shallow-water fishasaresult ofoverfishing.People stillwanttoeatfish,sothe fishing industrymust lookatothersources,especially thedeep watersoftheAtlantic.]Conservation measureswill havetobeput inplace ifthese deep-sea fishare tosurvive.Research onfive suchspecies showsthatnumbers havedeclined bybetween87percent and98percent.2Many speciescould welldisappear completelyifthepresenttrend continues.These arespeciesthathave beenswimming inour oceansfor hundredsof millionsof years.The problemis emphasizedby thefact thatthe decline in numbershappened inless thantwenty years.Deep-sea fishtake alongtimetoreproduce andnormally liveformanyyears.3The averagesizeofsuch fishalso declined,with onespecies showinga57percent decline in averagesize.This isof particularconcern,as largefish tendto producemore offspringthan smallones.（快速繁殖）4The deep-sea specieshave beencaught asif theywere thefast-breeding fishlike sardineand hernng.It islike killingelephants asif theyreproduced atthesamerate asrabbits.The damagedone byoverfishing goesbeyond thesea environment.Millions ofpeople makea livinginthefishing industry.5Measures mustbe takento notonly conserveecosystems,but alsosustain livelihoodsand ensurefood security.A.Billions ofpeople relyon fishfor protein.B.Many peoplenow choosenot toeat deep-sea fish.C.Unfortunately,their reproductionrate isvery low.D.This putstheminthe categoryof criticallyendangered”.E.None ofthese factshasbeentaken intoaccount bythefishingindustry.F.Overfishing isa majorcauseofdeclineinpopulations ofocean wildlife.G.This hasresulted ina sharpdeclineinthe numbersof manyofthespecies caught.•山东省潍坊市月学科核心素养测评]
4.[20233Have youever wonderedwhy mostpeople preferto bookaccommodations thathaveagreat viewfromthebalcony FrankLloydWright says,Study Nature,love Nature,stay closeto Nature.1Its nosecret thatclosing tonature isgood fbrcreative minds.Scientists agreethat beingin naturerestores exhaustedattentioncircuits,which canthen helpus bemore opento creativityand problem-solving.2:As partof herdailywriting routine,bestseller authorJK.Rowling wouldtakeamorning walkto smallstreams nearbybefore eventuallyreturning towork.I wouldargue thatthis habitisnt justa habitbut anintentional,necessary elementof hercreative process.Actually,uniqueideas comefromthecontact withnature.Forest bathingisacommon formof relaxationand medicinein Japan.It wasdeveloped in1982,and recentstudies demonstratethatbeinginthe forestand walkingamong thetrees loweryour stresslevels.The effectsaresopowerful thatforest bathingis nowagovernment-supported policyin Japan.
3.Just awalk inthe woodsonasunny morningalsoimproves yourwellbeing.4!In aseries ofexperiments publishedin2021,researchers atthe Universityof California,Berkeley,studiedthe potentialimpact ofnature onthe willingnesstobegenerous,trusting,and helpfultoward others.After beingexposed tothe morebeautifulnature scenes,participants actedmore generouslyand moretrusting inthe gamesthan thosewho sawless beautifulscenes,andtheeffects appearedtobeduetocorresponding increasesin positiveemotion.A walkin naturewalks thesoul backhome.5Turn offyour phoneand giveyourself thechance tobe presentin theworld,tohearconversations andnatural sounds,to noticethe waypeople move,the waythe sunreflects ina puddle.A.It willnever failyouB,A famous-person exampleC.We canfind theanswer easilyD.Whats agood chancetogetto natureE.So whynot engagemore closelywith natureF.Interestingly,nature mayhelpyoutobekindG.But youdonthavetolivenear aforest toreceive thepsychological benefits（•广东省揭阳市普宁市联考试题）
5.2023Recycling isgoodforour planet,but itcanbeconfusing.Can Irecycle plasticbags Whatabout pizzacartons ToothpastetubesWhich binshould Iuse Therearesomany questions,and morethan halfof Americansare unsureabout howto recycle.6Heres ahandy four-step guideon howto recycleeffectively:Know whattoputintherecycling bin.Keep itsimple andfocus onthemostcommonly recycleditems,such aspaper,glass,aluminum andplastic.7Dont usethe recycledsymbol asa guide.“The numberonthecontainer isreally forpeople toidentify thetypeof resin（树脂）.Thafs nothelpful forthe commonconsumer/9said CodyMarshall,a strategistat nonprofitRecyclingPartnership.8It isreally importantto knowwhatyoucannot putinyour bin.You canalways checkwith yourcity oratBeRecycled.org.If you live inthe US,just pluginyourpostcode tosearch.Recycling companiesstruggle withthesameproblem（软管），items:hoses cords,needles andclothing,according toMarshall,so dontput thoseitems inyourbin.Wash orclean items.Do aquick cleantomakesure thereisnofood leftin containersbefore youput theminthebin.9Save（堆月巴）food forcomposting inyour garden.Dont bagit Unlessyouliveinaplace thatrequires it,like NewYork City,keep therecyclables lostinthebin.A lotof thetime,itsnotsafe fbrour employeesto tearthose bagsopen,orittakes toomuch timeJ saidKeller.“]0”A.Know whatisnotrecyclable.B・The answersare nothardtofind.C.A lotof baggedstuff goesright tothe landfill.D.Plastic bagscanbeused againor returnedto grocerystores.E.If youreally dontknow ifan itemis recyclable,then justthrow itinthegarbage.F.This isreally importantifyouonly useone binbecause fooditems couldruin paper.G.Hard plasticslike waterand softdrink bottlesor anythinglike thesecanberecycled.（•湖南省长沙一中高三试题）
6.2023In thefaceofwildlife lossand habitatdestruction,its easyto feelpowerless toimprove.But anyaction youtake,no matterhowsmall,willhelprestore theworld toits naturalbalance.Here are4thingsyoucan dotohelpwildlife.Think twicebefore landscaping.16But unlessyoure confrontinga genuinesafety issue,remember thatwhats unpleasanttoyouis sweethome tosquirrels,birds,worms andother animalsthatyoumight noteven knoware there.Ifyoumust landscapeyour yard,do soinaway thatwontdrive awaynative wildlife.Keep yourcats indoors.。
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