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英语六级段落匹配题专项练习题20205EarthquakesA An earthquake isone of the mostterrifying phenomenathatnature candish up.We generallythink of the groundwe standon as“rock-solid”and completelystable.Anearthquakecan shatter粉碎that perceptioninstantly,and oftenwith extremeviolence.B Upuntil relativelyrecently,scientists onlyhad unprovenguessesas towhat actuallycaused earthquakes.Even todaythere isstilla certainamount ofmystery surroundingthem,but scientistshavea muchclearer understanding.There hasbeen enormousprogressin thepast century.Scientists haveidentified theforces thatcauseearthquakes,and developedtechnology that can tell us anearthquakesmagnitude andorigin.The nexthurdle isto finda wayofpredicting earthquakes,so theydon tcatch peopleby surprise.In thisarticle,we11find outwhat causesearthquakes,and we11also findout whythey canhave sucha devastatingeffect onus.C Anearthquake isa vibration震动that travelsthrough theearth s crust.Technically,a largetruck thatrumbles downthestreet iscausing amini-earthquake,if youfeel yourhouse shakingasit goesby;but wetend tothink of earthquakes asevents thataffecta fairlylarge area,such asan entirecity.All kindsof thingscancause earthquakesvolcanic eruptions,meteor流星impacts,underground explosionsan undergroundnuclear test,for example,collapsing structuressuch asa collapsingmine.But themajority of naturally-occurring earthquakes are causedby movementsof the earths plates.D Weonly hearabout earthquakesin thenews everyonce inawhile,but they are actuallyan everydayoccurrence onour planet.According tothe UnitedStates GeologicalSurvey,more than3millionearthquakes occur every year.That sabout8,000a day,or oneevery11seconds!The vastmajorityofthese3million quakesare extremelyweak.The lawof probabilityalso causesa goodnumber ofstrongerquakes tohappen inuninhabited placeswhere noone feelsthem.Itis thebigquakes thatoccur inhighly populatedareas thatget ourattention.E Earthquakeshave causeda greatdeal ofproperty damageoverthe years,and theyhave claimedmany lives.In thelast hundredyearsalone,there havebeen morethan
1.5million earthquake-relatedfatalities.Usually,it snot theshaking grounditself that claimslives;it sthe associateddestruction ofman-made structuresandother natural disasters itcauses,such astsunamis,avalanches(雪崩)and landslides.F Thebiggest scientificbreakthrough inthe historyofseismology一the studyofearthquakes一came inthe middleofthe20thcentury,with thedevelopment ofthe theoryof platetectonics(筑造学).Scientists proposedthe ideaof platetectonics toexplain anumberof peculiarphenomena onearth,such asthe apparentmovementof continents over time,the clusteringof volcanicactivity incertainareas andthe presenceof hugeridges atthe bottomof theocean.G Thebasic theoryis thatthe surfacelayer ofthe earth一the lithosphere一is comprisedof manyplates thatslide overthelubricating润滑的asthenosphere layer.At theboundaries betweenthesehuge platesof soiland rock,three differentthings canhappen.H Platescan moveapart.If two plates are moving apartfromeach other,hot,molten rockflows upfrom thelayers ofmantle belowthelithosphere.This magma岩浆comes outon thesurface mostlyatthe bottomoftheocean,where itis calledlava熔岩.As thelavacools,it hardensto formnew lithospherematerial,filling inthegap.This iscalled adivergent plateboundary.I Platescan pushtogether.If thetwoplatesaremovingtowardeach other,one platetypically pushesunder the other one.This platebelowsinks intothe lowermantle layers,where itmelts.At someboundarieswhere twoplates meet,neither plateis ina positiontopush undertheother,so theyboth pushagainst each other toformmountains.The lineswhere platespush toward each otherare calledconvergentplate boundaries.J Platesslide againsteach other.At otherboundaries,platessimply slideby eachother一one movesnorth andone movessouth,forexample.While theplates dont driftdirectly intoeachotheratthese transformboundaries,theyarepushed tightlytogether.A greatdealof tensionbuilds atthe boundary.K Weunderstand earthquakesa lotbetter thanwe dideven50years ago,but westill cant domuch aboutthem.They arecausedby fundamental,powerful geologicalprocesses thatare farbeyond ourcontrol.These processesare alsofairly unpredictable,so it s notpossibleat thistime totell peopleexactly whenan earthquake isgoing tooccur.The firstdetected earthquake waves willtellusthatmore powerfulvibrations areon theirway,but thisonly givesus afewminutes warning,at most.L Sowhat canwe doabout earthquakesThe majoradvances overthepast50years havebeen inpreparedness,particularly inthe fieldofconstruction engineering.In1973,the UniformBuilding Code,aninternational setof standardsfor buildingconstruction,7addedspecifications7to7strengthen buildingsagainst the7force of7earthquakewaves.7This7includes strengtheningsupport7material as7well as7designing buildingsso theyare flexibleenoughto absorbvibrations withoutfalling ordeteriorating.It sveryimportant todesign structuresthatcanundergo thissort ofattack,particularly inearthquake proneareas.一M Anothercomponent ofpreparedness iseducating thepublic.The UnitedStates GeologicalSurvey USGSand othergovernmentagencies haveproduced severalbrochures explainingthe processesinvolvedin anearthquake andgiving instructionson howto prepareyourhouse fora possibleearthquake,as wellas whatto dowhen aquakehits.N Inthe future,improvements inprediction andpreparednessshould furtherminimize theloss oflife andproperty associatedwithearthquakes.But itwill bea longtime,if ever,before we11beready forevery substantialearthquake thatmight occur.Just likesevereweather anddisease,earthquakesarean unavoidableforce generatedby thepowerfulnatural processesthat shapeour planet.All wecan doisincrease ourunderstanding ofthe phenomenonand developbetter waystodeal withit.
1.Earthquake-related fatalitiesare usuallycaused bybuildings,collapse andother ensuingnaturaldisasters,not bytheshaking grounditself.
2.Besides movements ofthe earths plates,other forcessuchas volcanic eruptions,meteor impactsand soon,can alsocauseearthquakes.
3.Earthquakes actuallyoccureveryday;most ofthem arenotbig enoughto get our attention.
4.People generallythink the ground beneath their feetiscompletely stable,but earthquakesshatter thatidea inno time.
5.We cannotprevent earthquakesbut wecan activelyfind betterwaysto facethem.
6.Earthquakes arehardly predictable,and peoplecannot betoldwhen anearthquakeisgoing tooccur.
7.Scientists havefound outforces thatcause earthquakesthroughyears ofefforts.
8.Architects nowhave designedflexible buildingsto minimizethedamages ofearthquakes.
9.Scientists usethe theoryof platetectonics toexplain theapparentmovement ofcontinents overtime.
10.The convergentplate boundariesrefer tothe lineswhereplates pushtowardeachother.文章精要地震危害巨大,了解地震对减少其带来的损失有着重要意义本文讲解了引发地震的因素、与地震相关的地壳板块运动和地震的危害,并指出即使人类还无法准确预测地震,但一些必要的防御措施能够减少地震带来的损失答案解析
1.E本题是对E段最后一句话的同义转述定位关键词是Earthquake-related fatalities原文用itsnot...thatclaimslives;it,s...结构指出“通常不是地壳晃动引起的死亡,而是伴随而来的房屋倒塌或其他自然灾害导致的死亡”,题目用...be causedby...not by...结构表达了同样的意思
2.C本题是对C段最后两句的归纳,题目将两句话的含义概括为一句话定位关键词是movementsoftheearth$splates,volcaniceruptions,meteor impactso
3.D本题是对D段的总结定位关键词是getourattentionD段首句就提到每天都会发生地震,最后一句提到只有大地震才能引起人们的注意,本题就是对这两句话的概括
4.A本题是对A段最后两句的同义转述定位关键词是shattero题目中的the groundbeneaththeirfeet同义转述了原文中的thegroundwestand on
5.N本题是对N段最后两句的概括定位关键词是better ways文章o最后一句提到,我们能做的就是增加我们对地震的理解,寻找更好的方法来应对它,与题干表达一致
6.K本题是对K段第三句的同义转述定位关键词是hardlypredictableo原文提到虽然我们对地震有了更深的了解,但地震仍然不受我们的控制,地震是无法预测的,人们不可能得知地震什么时候会发生,表达与题干一致
7.B本题是对B段第
三、四句的同义转述定位关键词是causeearthquakeso题目中的found out同义转述了原文中的identified
8.L本题是对L段最后两句的概括定位关键词是designed原文提到过去50年我们在应对地震方面取得了进步,尤其是在建筑工程领域我们用特殊材料加固房屋以应对地震的破坏,我们设计充足灵活的房屋,确保地震不会导致房屋倒塌,这与题干表达的完全一致
9.F本题是F段中举例的一部分定位关键词是the theoryof platetectonicso原文提到科学家用the ideaof platetectonics解释很多现象,其中之一就是the apparentmovement ofcontinentsovertime
10.I本题是对I段最后一句的同义转述定位关键词是convergentplate boundaries题干中的refer to与原文中的are called属于同义o转述。