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年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题答案版2023Section IUse ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose thebest wordsfor eachnumbered blankand mark[A],[B],[C],or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.10pointsCaravanserais wereroadside innsthat werebuilt alongthe Silk Road in areas includingChina,North Africaand theMiddle East.They weretypically]outside thewalls of a cityor villageand wereusuallyfunded bygovernments of
2.This wordCaravanserais“is a3of thePersian wordkarvan”,which meansa groupof travellers ora caravanand cseray\a palaceor enclosedbuilding.The Permcaravan wasused to4_groups ofpeoplewho travelledtogether across the ancientnetwork forsafety reasons,_5merchants,travellersorpilgrims.From the10th centuryonwards,as merchantand travelroutes becomemore developed,the6of theCaravanseraisincreased and they servedas asafe placefor peopleto restat night.Travellers on the SilkRoadpossibility ofbeing attackedby thievesor being8to extremeconditions.For thisreason,Caravanserais werestrategically placed9they couldbe reachedin adays traveltime.Caravanserais servedas aninformal10point for the variouspeople whotravelled theSilk Road.11those structuresbecame importantcenters forculture12and interaction,with travelerssharing theircultures,ideas andbeliefs,13talking knowledgewith them,greatly14the developmentof severalcivilizations.Caravanserais werealso animportant marketplacefor commodities and15in thetrade ofgoodsalong theSilkRoad.16,it wasfrequently thefirst stopmerchants lookingto selltheir waresand17supplies fortheir ownjourneys.It is18that around120000to15000caravanserais werebuilt alongtheSilk Road,19only about3000are knownto remaintoday,many ofwhich arein
20.
1.[A]displayed[BJ occupied[CJ located[DJ equipped【答案】C
2.[AJ privately[BJ regularly[C]respectively[DJ permanentlyactas milk cows whereevery singlearticle in an issuemay citea specificpaper or a series of papers.In someinstances,there is absolutely norelationship between the contentof thearticle and the citations.Thepeculiar partis that the journalthat theeditor issupposedly workingfor isnot profitingat all——it isjustproviding citations to otherjournals.Such practicescan leadan articleto accruemore than150citationsin the same yearthat itwas published.How insidiousis this type of citation manipulationIn oneexample,an individual-acting asauthor,editor,and consultant—was able to useat least15journals ascitation providersto articlespublished byfivescientists atthree universities.The problemis rampantin Scopus,a citationdatabase,which includesahigh number of the new“international“journals.In fact,a listingin Scopusseems to be acriterion to betargeted in thistype of citationmanipulation.Scopus itselfhas allthe datanecessary todetect thismalpractice.Red flagsinclude alarge numberof citationstoan articlewithin thefirst year.And for authors whowish tosteer clearofcitationcartelactivities:when aneditor,a reviewer,orasupport serviceasks youto addinappropriate references,donot obligeand doreport therequest to the journal.
36.According toParagraph1,the careersof scientistscan bedetermined by.[A]how manycitations theirworks contain.[B]how manytimes theirpapers arecited.[CJ theprestige of the peoplethey workwith.[DJ thestatus theyhave inscientific circles.【答案】B
37.The supportservice consultanciestend to.[AJ recommendjournals to their clients.[B]list citationpatterns theirclients.[C]ask authorsto includeextra citations.[D]advise contributorsto citeeach other.【答案】C
38.The Functionof themilkcow^journals isto.[A]A]boost citationcounts forcertain authors.[B]help scholarspublish articlesat lowcost.[CJ instructFirst-time contributorsin citation.[D]increase thereadership ofnew journals.【答案】A
39.What can be learnedabout Scopusfrom the last twoparagraphs[A]It Fosterscompetition amongcitation providers.[BJ Ithas thecapability toidentify suspiciouscitations.[C]It hindersthe growthof international“journals.[D]It isestablished toprevent citationmanipulation.【答案】B
40.What shouldan authordo todeal withcitation manipulators[A]Take legalaction.[B]Demand anapology.[C]Seek professionaladvice[D]Reveal theirmisconduct.【答案】DPart BDirections:The followingparagraphs aregiven in a wrongorder ForQuestions41-45,you arerequired toreorganizethese paragraphsinto acoherent textby choosingfrom thelist A-H andfilling them into the numberedbox.Paragraphs A,E andH have been correctlyplaced.Mark youranswers on the ANSWERSHEET.10points[A]Last yearmarked the150th anniversaryof aseriesofYellowstone photographsby therenownedlandscape photographerWilliam HenryJackson.Jackson snappedthe1st-ever shotsof iconiclandmarkssuch asthe Tetons,Old FaithfulandtheColorado Rockies.On alate19th-century expeditionthrough theYellowstoneBasin thatwas conductedby thehead of the U.S.Geological andGeographical Surveyofthe Territories,Ferdinand V.Hayden.The teamincluded ameteorologist,a zoologist,a mineralogist,andan agriculturalstatistician.[B]Two centuriesago,the ideaof preservingnature,rather thanexploiting it,was anovel oneto manyU.S.settlers.One of the turningpoints inpublic supportfor landconservation efforts-and recognizingthemagnificence of the Yellowstoneregion inparticular-came in the formof vividphotographs.[CJ As an effectiveWashington operator,Hayden sensedthat hecould capitalizeon theexpeditionsstunning visuals.He askedJackson toprint outlarge copiesand distributedthem along withreproductions ofMorans paintings,to eachmember ofCongressnThe visualization,particularly thosephotographs,really hithome thatthis issomething thathas to be protected/says Murphy.[D]Throughout thetrip,Jackson juggledmultiple camerasand platesizes usingtheMcollodionprocess,that requiredhim tocoat theplates witha chemicalmixture,then exposethem anddevelop theresultingimages witha portabledarkroom.The crudetechnique requirededucated guesseson exposuretimes,and involvedheavy awkwardequipment-several menhad toassist in its transportation.Despitethese challenges,Jackson captureddozens ofstriking photos,ranging frommajestic imageslike hisnowfamous snapshotof OldFaithful,to casualportraits ofexpedition membersat thecamp.While veteransofprevious expeditionswrote atlength aboutstunning trailsights,these vividphotographs wereanotherthing entirely.[E]The journeyofficially beganin Ogden,Utah onJune8,
1871.Over nearlyfour months,dozens ofmenmade theirway onhorseback intoMontana andtraversed alongthe YellowstoneRiver and aroundYellowstone Lake.That fallthey concludedthe surveyin FortBridger,Wyoming.[F]Though NativeAmericans andlater minersand furtrappers hadlong recognizedthe areasriches,most Americansdid not.Thats whyHaydens expeditionaimed toproduce afuller understandingof theYellowstoneRiver region,from itshot springsand waterfallsto itsvariety offlora andfauna.In additiontothe entourageof scientists,the teamalso includedartists:Painter ThomasMoran andphotographerWilliam HenryJackson werecharged withcapturing thisastounding naturalbeauty andsharing itwiththe world.[G]The billproved largelypopular andsailed throughCongress withlarge majoritiesin favor.In quicksuccession,the Senateand Housepassed legislationprotecting Yellowstonein early
1872.That March,President UlyssesS.Grant signedan actinto lawthat establishedYellowstone asthe worldsfirst nationalpark.Some localsopposed thedesignation,the decisionwas largelyaccepted-and Jacksonsphotosplayed akey rolein thefight toprotect thearea.HI dontbelieve that the legalprotection wouldhavehappened in the timeframe thatit didwithout thoseimages/says Hansen,journalist andauthor ofProphetsand Moguls,Rangers andRogues,Bisonord Bears:100years of the nationalPark Service.[H]Perhaps mostimportantly,these imagesprovided documentaryevidence of the parkssights thatlatermade itsway togovernment officials.Weeks aftercompleting theexpedition,Hayden collectedhisteams observationsinto anextensive reportaimed atconvincing senatorsand representatives,along withcolleaguesat governmentagencies likethe Departmentof theInterior,that Yellowstoneought tobepreserved and that hisdepartment deservedadditional funds.
41.—A_
42._E-
43.—H_
44.
45.【答案】
41.B【答案】
42.F【答案】
43.D【答案】
44.C【答案】
45.GPartCDirections:Read thefollowing textcarefully and then translatethe underlinedsegments intoChinese.Yourtranslation should be writtenneatly on the ANSWER SHEET.10pointsThere has been someexploration aroundthe use of AIin digitalmarketing.For example,AI canbeused toanalyse whattypeofadvertising contentor copywould beappropriate tospeak toa specifictargetcustomer groupby revealinginformation abouttrends andpreferences throughthe analysisof bigdata.46AI can also beused toidentify thelifestyle choicesof customersega dingtheir hobbiesfavou】】】ite celebritiesmusic choicesand fashionsto provideunique contentin maiketingmessages putoutthrough social media.At the same timeAI canalso beused togenerate contentfor socialmedia postsandchat sites.AI canalso provide a bridgebetweentheneed of the brandto communicateemotionally withthe customer andidentifying theirrapidly changingneeds.While workingat PWC,Norbert Wirthwrote anarticle onAl wherehe identifiedthat marketersareequally eagerand hesitantin adoptingAI becausesynthesizing allthese differentfunctions presentsthemwith newchallenges.AI canhelp marketersto createclear marketingmessages andchoose themostattractive marketingmix foreach targetsegment.A specificexample wouldbe the use of AI indevelopingthe customerjourney byautomating allthe differenttouchpointswhen theorganizationshould contactthe potentialcustomerthrough behaviouralanalytics so that theyare themost effectiveforthat customeror customergroup.The maindisadvantage of using AI to respondto customersis thatthere areconcerns abouttrustingpersonal interactionsto machineswhich couldlead notonly tothe subsequentloss ofinterpersonalconnections but also toa decreasein marketingpersonnel.47Some believethat AIis negativelyimpactingon themarketers roleby reducingcieativity andremoving jobs,but theya eawaie thatit isa】way ofreducing costsand cieatingnew information.By allowingAI todevelop contentsome brandmarketersmay findthat theyare losingcontrol overthe brandnarrative.48Algorithms that are usedtostimulate humaninteractions arecreatine many of theseconcerns especiallyas no-one isquite sue what】[he outcomesofusingAItointeract withcustomeis will be.For Altobesuccessful,data needstobeaccessible,but theuseofpersonal data is becoming moreregulated andthe automatedsharing ofdataisbecomingmoredifficult.49If customersare notwillingto sharedata AIwillbestarved ofessential information and willnot beable tofunction effectivelyoremploy machinelearning toimprove itsmaiketing contentand communication.Therefore,unlesscustomers areprepared tosign releaseagreements,theuseofAImay becomesomewhat restrictedin thefuture.Not onlycan AIhelp to create themarketing contentbut itcanalso providea non-intrusive wayofdelivering thecontent tothe targetcustomers.Data canbe gatheredon where thecustomercan beengaged,such aslocation devicesused,website interactions,and sitesvisited,to displaymarketingmessages inappropriate formsincluding emailssocialmediaposts,pop-up advertisements,and bannersat an appropriatefrequency.50The non-intrusive deliveryofthemaiketinq messagesinaway thatissensitive tothe needsofthetaiqet customeis oneofthecritical challengestothedigital marketer】Understanding humansmay becomplicated,but wereveal aconsiderable amountabout whatappealsto usthrough ourbrowsing history.【答案】人工智能还可以用来识别出消费者生活方式的选择,包括他们的爱好、最喜欢的名人和时
46.尚,从而通过社交媒体发布的营销信息来提供独特的内容一些人认为,人工智能通过减少创造力和工作机会对营销人员产生了负面影响,但他们也
47.意识到,这是一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式用于刺激人际互动的算法正在引发许多此类拍忧,尤其是在没有人非常确定使用人工智能与
48.客户互动的结果会是什么情况下如果客户不愿意分享数据,人工智能将缺乏必要的信息,无法有效地发挥作用,也无法使
49.用机器学习来改善其营销内容和传播以一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式非侵入式地传递营销信息是数字营销人员面临的关键挑
50.战之一Section IIIWritingPart A
51.Directions:Write anotice torecruit a student forProf.Smiths researchprojection campus sports activities.Specifythe dutiesand requirementsofthejob.You shouldwrite about100words on the ANSWERSHEET.Do notsign yourown nameattheend.Use“Li Ming,instead.Do notwrite theaddress.1points【答案】NoticeIn orderto enhancestudents9awareness ofdoing exercise,the professor Smith launcheda projectaboutcampussportsactivities.To ensurethe successfulimplementation ofthis project,astudentneed toberecruited.The dutiesand requirementsforthe student areas follows.Initially,it wouldbe betterif thestudent havea good commandof collectingand collatingresearch data,which canoffer betterservice tothis research.Additionally,professorSmithwarmly welcomethe onewho ischaracterized withenthusiasm,patienceand senseof responsibility.Finally,thestudentbeing recruitedshouldbeproficient inphysical exerciseandbe wellexperienced inorganizing aproject.If youare interestedinthisactivity,please donot hesitate to contactus at010-4722436orStudents UnionJune30thPart BDirections:Write anessay of160-200words basedon thefollowing drawing.In youressay,you should1describe thedrawing briefly,2explain itsintended meaning,andthen3give yourcomments.You shouldwrite neatlyon theANSWERSHEET.20points【答案】It isvividly portrayedin theabove drawingthat whensome youngman wererowing dragonboats,acrowd ofonlookers gatheredto watchthe race.A verysweet oldlady andher spouseleant onstick stoodnearby,said:it isso niceto seethe DragonBoat raceis gettingincreasingly livelyin ourvillage.Simpleas thepicture seemstobe,the symbolicmeaning isthought-provoking.In contemporaryworld,individuals ingrowing numberare consciousthat traditional culture isaprecious treasurefor anation.Just asan oldsaying goes/We needtraditional culture,like needair”.Forus Chinese,thesameis true.We holdthe opinionthat traditional culture isa kindof pricelessmentalspirit,which isindispensable bothfor personaland socialpurposes.By drawingon ourexperience fromthepast,it isno difficultyfor usto concludethat preciselybecause ofdecades-long emphasison keepingandspreading ourtraditional culture,such asthe establishmentof ConfuciusInstitute,our countryhasearned a growing respectfrom acrossthe world.From whathasbeendiscussed above,we maysafely draw the conclusionthat nothingcan becomparedwith carryingforward Chinesetraditionalculturewhen itcomes tothe developmentandprosperity ofour country.For thatsaving anddeveloping Chinastraditionalculturehad anotableinfluence onour nationand people,we mustactively supportit.【答案】A
3.[A]definition[B]transition[C]substitution fD]combination【答案】D
4.[A]classify[BJ recordLCJ describe[D]connect【答案】C
5.[A]apart fromfB]instead of[C]such asfD]alongwith【答案】c
6.[A]construction fB]restoration[C]impression[D]evaluation【答案】A
7.[A]doubted LBJfaced[CJ accepted[D]reduced【答案】B
8.[A]assigned[B]subjected[C]accustomed[D]opposed【答案】B
9.[A]sothat[B]even if[C]now thatfD]in case【答案】A
10.[AJ talking[BJ starting[C]breaking[DJ meeting【答案】D
11.[A]By theway[B]On occasion[C]In comparison[D]Asaresult【答案】D
12.[A]heritage[B]revival[C]exchange[D]status【答案】c
13.[A]with regardto[BJ inspite of[C]as wellas[D]in linewith【答案】c
14.[A]completing[B]influencing[C]resuming[D]pioneering【答案】B
15.[A]aided[B]invested[C]failed[D]competed【答案】A
16.[A]Rather[BJIndeed[CJ Otherwise[DJ However【答案】B
17.[A]go infor[B]stand upfor[C]close inon[D]stock upon【答案】D
18.[A]believed[B]predicted[C]recalled[D]implied【答案】A
19.[A]until[BJ because[CJ unless[DJ although【答案】D
20.[A]ruins[B]debt[C]fashion fD]series【答案】ASection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read thefollowing fourtexts.Answer the questions beloweach textby choosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].Mark youranswers ontheANSWERSHEET.40pointsText1The weatherin Texasmay havecooled sincethe recentextreme heat,but thetemperature willbehigh atthe StateBoard ofEducation meetingin Austinthis monthas officialsdebate howclimate changeistaught in Texas schools.PatHardy,who sympathizeswith theviews ofthe energysector,is resistingproposed changestoscience standardsfor pre-teen pupils.These wouldemphasize theprimacy ofhuman activityin recentclimate change andencourage discussionof mitigationmeasures.Most scientistsand expertssharply disputeHardys views.They casuallydismiss thecareer workofscholars andscientists asjust anothermisguided opinion.says DanQuinn,senior communicationsstrategistattheTexas FreedomNetwork,anon-profit groupthat monitorspublic education.Whatmillions ofTexas kidslearn intheir public schools isdetermined toooften by the politicalideology ofpartisanboard members,rather thanfacts and sound scholarship.^^Such debatesreflect fiercediscussions acrossthe USandaroundtheworld,as researchers,policymakers,teachers andstudents stepup demandsforagreater focuson teachingabout thefacts ofclimate change inschools.A studylast yearbytheNational Centerfor ScienceEducation,non-profit groupof scientistsandteachers,looking athow statepublic schoolsacrossthecountry addressclimate change in scienceclasses,gave barelyhalf ofUS statesa gradeB+or higher.Among the10worst performerswere someof themostpopulous states,including Texas,which wasgiven thelowest gradeF andhas adisproportionateinfluence becauseits textbooksare widelysold elsewhere.Glenn Branch,the centresdeputy director,cautions thatsetting state-level science standards isonlyone limitedbench markinacountry thatdecentralises decisionsto localschool boards.Even ifa stateisconsidered ahigh performerinitssciencestandards,that doesnot meanit willbe taught”,he says.Another issueis that,while climatechange iswell integratedinto somesubjects andat someages-such asearth andspace sciencesin highschools-it isnot aswell representedin curriculaforyounger childrenand insubjects that are morewidely taught,such asbiology andchemistry.It isalso lessprominentin manysocial studiescourses.Branch pointsout that,even ifagrowingnumber ofofficial guidelinesand textbooksreflectscientific consensuson climatechange,unofficial educationalmaterials thatconvey moreslantedperspectives arebeing distributedto teachers.They includematerials sponsoredby libertarianthink-tanks andenergy industryassociations.
21.In Paragraph1,the weatherin Texas is mentionedto.[A]forecast apolicy shiftinTexasschools[B]stress theconsequences ofclimatechange[C]indicate theatmosphere atthe boardmeeting[D]drawthepublics attentionto energyshortages【答案】C
22.What doesQuinn thinkof Hardy[AJ Sheexaggerates theexisting panic.[B]She deniesthe valueof scientificwork.[C]She showsno concernfor pre-teens.[D]She expressesself-contradictory views.【答案】B
23.The studymentioned inparagraphs showsthat.[A]climate educationis insufficientat statepublicschools[B]policy makershave littledrive forscience education[C]Texasisreluctant torewrite itsscience textbooks.[DJ environmentalteaching insome stateslacks supervision.【答案】A
24.According toBranch,state-level sciencestandards inthe US.[A]call forregular revision[B]require urgentapplication[C]have limitedinfluence[D]cater tolocal needs.【答案】C
25.It isimplied inthelastparagraph thatclimatechangeteaching insome schools.[A]agrees tomajor publicdemands[B]reflects teacherspersonal biases[C]may misrepresentthe energysector[D]canbeswayed byexternal forces【答案】DText2Communities throughoutNew Englandhave beenattempting toregulate short-term rentalssincesites likeAirbnb tookoff inthe2010s.Now withrecord-high homeprices andhistorically lowinventory,there9san increased urgencyin suchregulation,particularly amongthose whoworry thatdevelopers willcomein andbuy upswaths ofhousing toflip fora fortuneontheshortterm rentalmarket.In NewHampshire,wheretherental vacancy rate hasdropped below1percent,housing advocatesfearunchecked short-term rentalswill putfurther pressureonanalready strainedmarket.The StateLegislaturerecently votedagainst a bill thatwouldve madeit illegalfor townstocreatelegislationrestricting short-term rentals.“We areatacrisis levelonthe supply ofrental housing,“said NickTaylor,executive directorof theWorkforceHousing CoalitionoftheGreater Seacoast.Without enoughaffordable housingin southernNewHlampshire towns,employers arehaving ahard timefinding aplace tolive,“Taylor said.However,short-term rentalsalsoprovidehousing fortourists,pointed outRyan Castle,CEO ofalocal associationof realter.“A lotof workersare servicingthe touristindustry,andthetourism industry isserviced bythose peoplecoming inshort term,“Castlesaid,“andsoifs acyclicaleffect.”Short-term rentalsthemselves arenot thecrux ofthe issue,said KerenHom,an experton affordablehousingpolicy.I thinkindividuals beingabletorent outtheir secondhome isagoodthing.If itstheirvacation homeanyway,and itsjust empty,why cantyou makemoney offit”Horn said.Issues arise,一一however,when developersattempt tocreate large-scale short-term rentalfacilities defacto hotelstobypass taxesand regulations.I thinkthequestionis,shouldnt adeveloper whosreally buildinga hotel,but disguisingit asnot ahotel,be treatedand taxedand regulatedlike ahotel^^Hom said.At theend of2018,governar CharlieBalker ofMassachusetts signedabillto reinin thosepotentialinvestor-buyers.The billrequires everyrental hostto registerwith thestate mandatesthey carryinsuranceand opensthe potentialfor localtaxes ontop ofa newstate levy.Boston tookthings evenfurther,requiring rentersto registerwith thecitys InspectionalServices Department.Hom saidsimilar registration requirements couldbenefit strugglingcities andtowns,but ifwe wanttomake achangeinthe housingmarket,the mainone iswe have to builda lotmore.”
26.Which ofthefollowing istrue ofNew England[A]Its housingsupply isata very lowlevel.[BJ Itscommunities arein needof funding.[C]Its rentalvacancyrateis goingup slowly.fD]Its homeprices areunder strictcontrol.【答案】A
27.The billmentioned in Paragraph2was intendedto.fA]curb short-term rentalspeculation[BJ ensurethesupplyof cheaphousing[C]punish illegaldealings inhousing[D]allow afree short-term rentalmarket【答案】D
28.Compared withCastle,Taylor ismore likelyto support.[A]further investmentin localtourism fB]anincreasein affordablehousing[C]strict managementof realestate agents[D]a favorablepolicy forshort-term workers【答案】B
29.What doesHorn emphasizeinParagraph5[A]The urgencyto upgradeshort-term rentalfacilities.LBJ Theefficient operationofthelocal housingmarket.[C]The necessityto stopdevelopers fromevading taxes.[D]The properprocedure forrenting outspare houses.【答案】C
30.Horn holdsthat imposingregistrationrequirementsis.[A]an irrationaldecisionfB]an unfeasibleproposal[C]an unnecessarymeasure[DJ aninadequate solution【答案】DText3If youreheading foryour nearestbranch ofWaterstones,the biggestbook retailerinthe UK,insearch ofthe Duchessof Sussexsnew childrensbook TheBench,you mighthavetobe preparedto huntarounda bit,thesamemay betrue ofThe PresidentsDaughter,thenewthriller byBill Clintonand JamesPatterson.Both ofthese booksare publishednext weekby PenguinRandom HousePRH,a companycurrentlyinvolved ina stand-off withWaterstones.The problembegan latelast year,when PRHconfirmed thatit hadintroduced acredit limitwithWaterstones ataverysignificant level”.The trademagazine TheBookseller reportedthat Waterstonesbranchmanagers werebeing toldto removePRH booksfrom prominentareas suchas tables,displayspaces andwindows,and werequietly retiringthem totheir relevantsections”.PRH declinedto commentontheissue,butaspokesperson forWaterstones toldme:Waterstonesare currentlyoperating withreduced creditterms fromPRH,the onlypublisher intheUKto placeanylimitations onour abilityto trade.We arenot boycottingPRH titlesbut weare doingour utmostto ensurethatavailability forcustomers remainsgood despitethe loweroverall levelsof stock.We arehopefulwith our shops nowopen againthat normalitywill returnandthatwe willbe allowedto buyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsare exceptionallybusy.Thesales fbrour MayBooks ofthe Monthsurpassed anymonth since
2018.”In themeantime,PRH authorshavebeenthe losers.Big-name PRHauthors maysuffer abit,but itsthosemid-list authors,who normallyrely onWaterstones staffspassion forpromoting books bylesser-known writers,who willbe prayingfor anend tothe dispute.It comesatatime whenauthors arealready worriedabout theconsequences ofthe proposedmergerbetween PRHand anotherbig publisher,SimonSchuster-the reductioninthenumber ofunaligned UKpublishers is likelyto leadto fewerbidding wars,lower advances,and moreconformity in terms ofwhatis published.“This isall partofawider changetowards concentrationof power,“says literaryagent AndrewLownie.The publishingindustry talksabout diversityintermsof authors and staffbut italso needsaplurality ofways ofdelivering intellectualcontact,choice anddifferent voices.After all,manyofthemost interestingbooks inrecent yearshave comefrom smallpublishers.We shallsee whetherthat pluralityisacasualty ofthe currentneed amongpublishers tobe bigenoughto takeon all-comers.
31.The authormentions twobooks inParagraph1to present.[A]an ongoingconflict.[B]an intellectualconcept.[C]a prevailingsentiment.[DJ aliterary phenomenon.【答案】A
32.Why didWaterstones shopsretire PRHbooks totheir relevantsections[AJ Tomake themeasily noticeable.[B]To complywith PRHsrequirement.[C]To respondto PRHsbusiness move.[D]To arrangethemina systematicway.【答案】C
33.What messagedoes thespokesperson forWaterstones seemto convey[A]Their customersremain loyal.[B]The creditlimit willbe removed.[CJ Theirstock isunderestimated.[D]The bookmarket israther slack.【答案】B
34.What canbe oneconsequence ofthe currentdisputefA]Sales ofbooksbymid-list PRHwriters falloff considerably.[BJ Lesser-known PRHwriters becomethe targetof criticism.[C]Waterstones staffhesitatetopromote big-name authors9books.[D]Waterstones branchessuffer asevere reductionin revenue.【答案】A
35.Which ofthefollowingstatements bestrepresents LowniesviewfA]Small publishersought tostick together.fB]Big publisherswill losetheir dominance.[C]The publishingindustryishaving ahard time.[DJ Themerger ofpublishersisa worryingtrend.【答案】DText4Scientific papersare therecord keepersof progressin research.Each yearresearchers publishmillionsof papersin morethan30,000journals.The scientificcommunity measuresthe qualityof thosepapersina numberofways,including theperceived qualityofthejournal asreflected bythe titlesimpactfactor andthenumberof citationsa specificpaper accumulates.The careersof scientistsand thereputationof theirinstitutions dependonthenumber andprestige ofthe papersthey produce,but evenmoreso onthe citationsattracted bythese papers.Citation cartels,where journals,authors,and institutionsconspire toinflate citationnumbers,haveexisted fora longtime.In2016,researchers developedan algorithmto recognizesuspicious citationpatterns,including groups of authorsthat disproportionatelycite oneanother andgroupsofjournals thatciteeach otherfrequently toincrease theimpact factorsof theirpublications.Recently,anotherexpression ofthis predatorybehavior hasemerged:so-called supportservice consultanciesthat providelanguageand othereditorial supportto individualauthorsandto journalssometimes advisecontributorsto addanumberofcitationstotheirarticles.The adventof electronicpublishing andauthors9need tofind outletsfbr theirpapers resultedinthousands ofnew journals.The birthof predatoryjournals wasntfar behind.These journalscan。