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年高考英语外刊时文精读精练()20234Floods andfires洪水和火灾Extreme nomore极端天气不再罕见主题语境人与自然主题语境内容自然灾害与防范【外刊原文】(斜体单词为超纲词汇,认识即可;下划线单词为课标词汇,需熟记O)The Wilsons river brokeits bankson thenight ofFebruary27th whileLismore,a townof around30,000in New South Wales,was sleeping.Its residentssnoozed(打盹儿)through early-hours emergencywarningsthat“risk tolife wasimminent(迫在眉睫)”.Within hoursthe townwas submerged(淹没的).Residents scrambledinto theirattics(阁楼).Mothers carriedchildren ontorooftops.An armyof localslaunchedtinboats into the floodsto savethem.Four peopledied.Eastern Australiahas beenhammeredby whatpoliticians call“once-in-l,000-year“flooding.It has already hada soggy(浸水的)summer becauseof LaNina,a phenomenonwhich triggersdownpoursthere.Then onFebruary23rd,meteorologistswarned that an area of lowpressure wasforming oversouthern Queensland.Itsuckedmoisture(水分)from thesea,forming an“atmospheric river(大气层河流)over theeastcoast.It hasdumped quantities ofwater eversince.Brisbane,Queensland scapital,received almost80%of itsannualrainfall inless thana weekin February,flooding15,000homes.As therainedged intonorthern NewSouth Wales,it rippeduproads anddrowned herdsof cattle.Storms lashedSydney onMarch8th,causing adam tospill over.Some50,000people inthestate havebeen forced to evacuate(撤离).Scientists arewary(小心的)of blamingf1oods onglobal warmingbecause everythingfromrainfall tourban developmentcontributes tothem.They disagree,too,aboutwhether climatechange is a factorin thiskind ofnever-ending downpour(倾盆大雨).Nomatter thecause,extremeweather isnow aregular occccuencninAustralia.New SouthWaleswas buffeted(重仓U)by itslast“once-in-100-year”floods,which submergedWesternSydney,just a year ago.In2019and2020vast landsof thecountry weretorchedin bushfireswhich destroyedmore than3,000homes andkilled33people.Unlucky townssuchas Lismorehave inrecent yearsbeen hitby bothfire andfloods.It doesnot helpthat thestate andfederal governmentsresponse hasbeenbungled(失败).When disasterstrikes,official aidisoften slowto come.In2019the federalgovernment set asidealmost A$4bn($
2.9bn)for afund thatwould helpitrespond tocrises(危险)and lessenfuture ones.But ithas spenthardly anyof thatmoney.It hasnow deployed(部署)the armyand isdishing outcashto victims,but localsfume(愤怒地说)that theywere leftfor dayswithoutpower orfuel assuppliesof foodandwater dwindled(减少).A universityis putting upthe homeless.Isn tsomebodymeant towritea planfor this”wondersElla Buckland,a residentof Lismore.A debatenowragesabout howor evenwhether placeslike Lismoreshould rebuild.Analysts thinkthe floodsmight triggerinsurancec1aims worthmorethanA$3bn.Somepoliticians wouldlike thegovernment topay companiesto insurehousesthatwill inevitablybestruck byfuturefires orfloods.If weare goingto startthinking everytime theresanaturaldisaster thatwe have to giveup andleave becauseit stoo hard,then whereare wegoingto live”asks Lismores mayor,Steve Krieg.That isbecoming aquestion forever more Australians.【课标词汇】
1.emergency紧急情况;不测事件;突发事件How woulddisabled peopleescape inan emergency如果发生紧急情况,伤残人士如何逃离?Is theemergency exitsuitable forwheelchairs安全出口适合轮椅通行吗?
2.scramble(急速而艰难地)移动;爬;攀登She scrambledup thesteep hillsideand over the rocks.她爬上了陡峭的山坡,翻过岩石He scrambledinto hisclothes(=put them on quickly)and racedto fetcha doctor.他匆匆套上衣服,跑去请医生
3.launch启动,推出,发起The schemewas launchedayearago,这项计划是一年前开始实施的The Canadianpolice planto launchan investigationinto thedeal.力口拿大警方计划对这宗交易展开调查
4.hammer(在比赛或战斗中)彻底击败,击垮;用力敲打;猛踢;严厉批评,指责T waswoken upsuddenly bythe soundof someonehammering on/at thefront door.有人重重地捶打前门,把我惊醒了We werehammered inboth games.我们两场比赛都被击败了
5.phenomenon现象cultural/natural/social phenomena文化/自然/社会现象Language isa socialand culturalphenomenon.语言是一种社会文化现象
6.trigger引发,引起,导致An allergycan betriggered bystress oroverwork.紧张或工作过度可能引发过敏症Stress mayact asa triggerfor theseillnesses.压力可能会成为引发这些疾病的原因
7.suck吸;吮吸;咂,啜She wassitting onthe grasssucking lemonadethrough astraw.她坐在草土也上,用吸管吸着柠檬汁I suckedmy thumbuntil Iwas seven.我一直到七岁才不再吮大拇指
8.dump堆放,扔掉,倾倒(垃圾或废料等)Trucks dumped1,900tons ofrefuse here,卡车在这里倾倒了1,900吨废物Toxic chemicalscontinue tobe dumpedin theNorth Sea,有毒化工品还在继续被倾倒进北海
9.quantities of大量的Huge quantitiesof oilwere spillingintothesea.大量石油泄漏溢进大海The policefound quantitiesof drugsat his home.警察在他家发现了大量毒品
10.edge徐徐移动;挤;悄悄移动She triedto edgeaway fromhim.她想从他身边溜走Nick edgedhis waythrough thecrowd.尼克挤过人群
11.rip up把…撕碎If wewrote Ithink hewould rip up theletter...如果我们写信的话,我想他会把信撕得粉碎We haveto justripupthe rulebook andstart again.我们不得不取消规则手册,重新开始
12.spill(使)洒出;(使)流出;(使)溅出;(使)涌出I spiltcoffee onmy silkshirt.我把咖啡洒到丝绸衬衫上了He droppeda bagof sugarand itspilt allover thefloor.他把一袋糖掉在地上,撒得地板上到处都是
13.blame...on...把归咎于They blameyouth crimeon unemployment.他们把青年犯罪归咎于失业The crashwas blamedon piloterror.这次空难是飞行员的失误
14.contribute to导致,促成Carbon dioxideis agasthat contributesto climatechange.二氧化碳是——种导致气候变化的气体Smoking contributed to hisearly death.吸烟导致他早逝
15.disagree不同意,持异议,反对rmafraid Ihavetodisagree withyou onthat issue.关于那个问题恐怕我不能同意你的看法I profoundly/strongly disagreewith=do notaccept thedecision thathas beentaken.我强烈反对那个决定
16.extreme极度的;极大的We areworking underextreme pressureat themoment.目前我们正在极大的压力下工作The heatin thedesert wasextreme.沙漠中极其炎热
17.occurrence发生的事;事件;遭遇;存在Laughter wasa rareoccurrence inhis classroom.他的课堂上难得有笑声Flooding in the areaisacommon occurrence,该地区经常洪水泛滥
18.torch放火烧,纵火
19.destroy毁坏,摧毁,毁灭Most of the oldpart of the citywas destroyed by bombsduring thewar,该城的大部分老城区都在战争中被炸毁了He schoolwas completelydestroyedbyfire.学校被大火彻底烧毁了
20.strike突然侵袭;使受折磨;打;撞击;碰撞;攻击;敲,鸣,报时The clockwas strikingten aswe wentintothechurch.我们走进教堂时响起了十点的报时钟声Her carwent out of controland struckan oncomingvehicle.她的汽车失控,撞上了迎面开来的一辆车They predictthatalarge earthquakewill strikethe eastcoast beforethe endofthe decade.他们预测这十年内东海岸就会发生一场大地震
21.aid帮助,援助The newtest shouldaid inthe earlydetection ofthe disease.新的化验应该有助于早早检查出这种疾病His featureis designed to aidinexperienced users,这个特色装置是为帮助没有经验的用户而设计的
22.set aside留作…之用;留出…用于Some doctorsadvise settingaside acertain houreach dayfor worry...一些医生建议每天留出一点时间来解决烦心事£130million wouldbe setaside forrepairs toschools.将划拨
1.3亿英镑用于学校的修缮She triesto setaside somemoney everymonth.她每个月都尽量存点钱
23.dish out大量提供;分发Students dishedout leafletsto passers-by.学生向过路人散发传单Some doctorsare dishing out drugstheir patientsdo notneed.一些医生在分发病人不需要的药
24.supply供给;供应;提供Food isin shortsupply alloverthecountry.全国普遍食品供应不足Local schoolssupply manyofthevolunteers.许多志愿者来自当地学校
25.Putup建造;搭建;设置;张贴;公布;为…提供膳宿;He wasputtingupa newfence athishome.他正在为自己家搭建新的篱笆墙Theyre puttingnew streetsigns up...他们正在悬挂新的路标I wantedto knowif shecould putme upfor afew days...我想知道她能否让我住几天
26.be meant to do有责任(或义务)做某事;有意(或打算)做某事It wasmeanttobe anapology butit onlymade herangry.这原本是为了道歉,但却只惹她生气I thoughtthe policewere meantto protectpeople.我认为警察就是要保护人民的
27.wonder疑惑;想知道He,s startingto wonderwhether hedid theright thingin acceptingthis job.他现在开始怀疑自己接受这份工作是否正确I wonderif Illrecognize Philipafter allthese years.过了这么多年,我不知道是否还认得菲利普
28.debate讨论;争论They hadbeen debatingfor severalhours withoutreaching aconclusion.他们已经争论了好几个小时,仍然没有得出一个结论The issuewill bedebated onTuesday.这个问题将在星期二讨论
29.rage斥;发怒;发脾气;激烈进行;猛烈发作;肆虐A fluepidemic israging in/through localschools.一场流感在当地各学校肆虐The argumentrages on(=continues strongly).正在进行激烈的争论
30.insurance保险•1ife/health/car/travel insurance人寿/健康/汽车/旅游保险r11need totake outextra carinsurance foranother driver.我必须为另一名驾驶者购买汽车保险
31.insure(给…上)保险,(为…)投保The houseis insuredfor twomillion pounds.该房子投保了200万英镑Many companieswont insurenew oryoung drivers,许多公司是不会为新司机或年轻司机提供保险的
32.inevitably不可避免地Their argumentsinevitably endin tears.他们的争论不可避免地以眼泪告终Inevitably,the situationdid notplease everyone.这种局势必定不能让所有人都感到满意【课标词汇精练】根据语境,从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整
1.Hazel quietlyhim awayfrom theothers.
2.She tookevery photographof methat wasin ourhouse andit up.
3.I halfan hourevery eveningto hearErik read.
4.Few peoplewould thatsomething shouldbe doneto reducethe levelof crimein thearea.
5.The pilotoftheaircraft wasforcedtomake anlanding onLake Geneva.
6.As theburning planelanded,the terrifiedpassengers forthe door.
7.The organizationa campaignto raise$150,
000.
8.Her latestfilm bythe critics.
9.Lets seeif Ican pourthe juiceinto theglasswithout it.
10.Hugh hislack ofconfidence hismother.
11.The scandalcertainly theirdefeat atthe lastelection.
12.Globalization isaofthe21st century.
13.Children will be removedfrom theirparents onlyin circumstances.
14.Some peoplefind thatcertain foodstheirheadaches.
15.Michael putthe cigaretteto hislips andinthesmoke.
16.He camein withfour shoppingbags andthemonthe table.
17.We vastquantitiesoffood anddrink thatnight.
18.The studycompares the of heartdisease invarious countries.
19.The diseasethe wholecommunity,sometimes wipingout wholefamilies.
20.Huge projectsdesignedtopoorer countriescan sometimesdo moreharm thangood.
21.Shes alwaysadvice,even whenyou don,t wantit.
22.The doesn,t coveryou for=include householditems.
23.All ourhousehold goodsagainst accidentaldamage.
24.Technological changeswill leadto unemployment.
25.The UNhas agreedto allowtheofemergency aid.
26.She anotice aboutthe schooltrip toItaly.
27.You keepthe childrenoutoftrouble.
28.Uadn,t youbetter phonehome Yourparents whereyou are.
29.The authoritieswhether tobuild anew carpark.
30.He atus forforgetting toorder areplacement.Keys:
1.edged黑泽尔悄悄地把他挤到一边去
2.ripped她拿走了家里所有我的照片,并把它们撕得粉碎
3.setaside我每天晚上都留半个小时听埃里克朗读
4.disagree很少有人会不同意应采取行动减少该地区的犯罪
5.emergency这架飞机的驾驶员不得不在日内瓦湖面上紧急迫降
6.scrambled起火的飞机降落后,受惊的乘客奋力向舱门口跑去
7.has launched为了筹集15万美元,该组织发起了一场募捐活动
8.has beenhammered她最新拍摄的电影遭到评论家们的猛烈批评
9.spilling来试试看我能不能一滴不漏地把果汁倒进玻璃杯里
10.blameson晓治把自己缺乏自信心归咎于他的母亲
11.contributedto丑闻当然也部分地导致了他们在上次选举中的失败
12.phenomenon全球化是21世纪的现象
13.extreme只有在极端情况下才会让孩子离开父母
14.trigger有些人发现某些食物导致他们头痛
15.sucked迈克尔把香烟放到唇边,吞着烟
16.dumped他进门后将手里提着的四个购物袋往桌上一扔
17.consumed那天晚上我们大吃大喝了一顿
18.occurrence该项研究比较了不同国家心脏病的发病率
19.has struck疾病袭击整个社区,有时整个家族都无一生还
20.aid旨在援助贫穷国家的庞大计划有时反而会弊大于利
21.dishingout即使你不想听,她仍然没完没了地建议这建议那
22.insurance这份保险没有包括你的家居物品
23.are insured我们家里所有的物品都保了意外损失险
24.inevitably技术变革必然会导致失业
25.supply联合国已同意允许提供紧急援助
26.put up她张贴出一张有关学校组织去意大利旅游的布告
27.were meantto你有责任不让孩子们遇到麻烦
28.willbewondering你是不是最好给家里打个电话?你父母会想知道你在哪里的
29.debated政府有关部门就是否要修建一座新停车场进行了讨论
30.raged我们忘了订购替换件,他对我们大发雷霆【译文】2月27日晚,威尔逊河Wilsons river决堤,而此时新南威尔士州NewSouthWales利斯莫尔镇Lismore约三万居民还在沉睡中凌晨响起紧急警报时居民还在打盹,警报称“生命危险迫在眉睫”几小时后,这座城镇就被淹没To居民们争先恐后爬上阁楼母亲抱着孩子爬上屋顶一群当地人开锡皮船冲进洪水中解救他们,四人死亡澳大利亚东部遭受洪水重创,政客们称其是“千年一遇”此前,由于拉尼娜现象La NiRa导致澳大利亚下暴雨,那里整个夏天都是湿漉漉的然后在2月23日,气象学家警告称,一片低气压区正在昆士兰州Queensland南部上空形成它从海水中吸取水分,在东海岸上空形成一条“大气层河流”从那以后,昆士兰州南部下起了倾盆大雨2月,昆士兰州首府布里斯班Wilsonsriver在不到一周的时间里,其降雨量接近全年的80%,淹没了15000座房屋随着新南威尔士州北部不断下雨,暴雨摧毁了道路,淹没了牛群3月8日,暴风雨袭击了悉尼,导致大坝决堤该州约有5万人被迫撤离科学家们对“全球变暖导致洪水”这一结论持谨慎态度,因为从降雨量到城市发展等一切因素都是造成洪水的原因对于气候变化是否是造成暴雨永无止境的一个因素,他们也存在分歧无论原因是什么,现在澳大利亚极端天气频发新南威尔士州上次遭遇“百年一遇”的洪水冲击就在一年前,当时洪水淹没了西悉尼2019年和2020年,该国家大片土地在森林大火中被烧毁,3000多所房屋被烧毁,33人死亡像利斯莫尔这样不幸的城镇近年来遭受了火灾和洪水的双重打击州政府和联邦政府的应对措施搞砸了,无济于事当灾难来临时,官方援助往往姗姗来迟2019年,联邦政府预留了近40亿澳元29亿美元作为一项基金,以帮助其应对危机以及缓解未来的危机但这笔钱几乎没有花出去政府现已部署了军队,并发放现金给灾民,但当地人却很不满,因为随着食物和水供应减少,他们已经连续几天没有电或燃料了一所大学正在收留无家可归的人利斯莫尔的居民埃拉・巴克兰Ella Buckland惊叹道,“难道没有人要为此写一份计划吗?”现在,一场讨论正在激烈进行,讨论的是像利斯莫尔这样的受灾地应该如何重建,甚至是否应当重建分析家认为,洪水可能引发价值超过30亿澳元的保险索赔一些政客希望政府向企业支付保险费,为那些未来不可避免会遭受火灾或洪水袭击的房屋提供保险利斯莫尔市长史蒂夫•克里格Steve Krieg问道,“如果每次发生自然灾害时,我们都要开始思考,因为太严重而不得不放弃并从受灾地离开,那么我们要住在哪里呢?”越来越多的澳大利亚人都在思考这一问题【背景知识】La Nifia西班牙语拉尼娜现象,又称反圣婴现象,是一种和厄尔尼诺现象相反的现象拉尼娜现象就是太平洋中东部海水异常变冷的情况东南信风将表面被太阳晒热的海水吹向太平洋西部,致使西部比东部海平面增高将近60厘米,西部海水温度增高,气压下降,潮湿空气积累形成台风和热带风暴,东部底层海水上翻,致使东太平洋海水变冷拉尼娜与厄尔尼诺现象相反,随着厄尔尼诺的消失,拉尼娜的到来,全球许多地区的天气与气候灾害也将发生转变总体说来,拉尼娜的性情并非十分温和,其气候影响与厄尔尼诺大致相反,其强度和影响程度不如厄尔尼诺,但它的到来也可能会给全球许多地区带来灾害。