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Unitl EngineeringDrawing—New Words:Coordi natesystem:The basicof allin putAutoCAD is the Cartesia n coordinatesystem,and thevariousmethod ofinputabsolute orrelative relyon thissystem.:坐标值Coordinate valueCartesiancoordinate axes笛卡尔坐标轴Perpendicularly垂肓地Projection投影Orthographic projectionih投景
1.1coordinate systemCAD=computer-aided designFixed:firmly inposition;stationaryLocate:vt.To determinethe position ofPositive and negative:Illustrate:to explain制图Drafting:n.
1.2Types ofViews辅助视图Auxiliary:详图;局部Detail:n.:取得;由来DerivedScali ng:en largescaleClarification:to makeclearPlanar:tow-D drawing横截而Cross-section:基准面Datum plane:Fig.1-3:Brush withspringF带弹簧的电刷手柄Handle:Needlebearing滚针轴承Retainingring挡圈夹头衬*片Chuck spacer:销Key:Symmetrical对称的Configuration:结*勾
1.3Multiview drawingengineeringdrawing is an abstractuniversal languageused torepresent adesigners ideato otherHome work:Page9:Exercise:fill the blanks witha properword according to the text.Page32:Exercises:
2.Answer the following questionsbriefly.⑴⑷〜
3.Tran slatethefollowing sentencesinto Chines.1A3
二、Technical ReadingTHENEW FORDCARFORDS LATESTconcept cargives shapeto the ideas beingexplored by the NewGeneration VehicleProgram-the effortby aU.S.consortium todevelop theso-called supercar
1.The goalis tocreate an80-mpg,full-size affordablefamily sedanand makeit availablein the comi ngdecade•The caris calledSynergy
1.Grammar机械工程英语的特点陈述句型多
1.句子的谓语动词多数采用一般现在时态最大应力发生在内表面1The maximumstresses occurat theinner surface2The sameequation and assumptions holdfor simplecompression.该假定和方程也同样适用于简单压缩的情况3The totalmass of the beamis pl,where pisthemass perunit length.梁的全部质量是其中是单位长度的^量pl,p被动语态多
2.这个问题也可利用矢量法求解1This problemcan also be solvedusing thevector method,此时,拉伸载荷是通过杆2Here at ens ion loadF isapplied throughpins stthe endsof the bar.F件两端的销子施加的省略表达多
3.门1use of the equationi=f/a fora body,say abolt,in shearassumes auniform stressdistributiotoo.公式应用于承受剪切应力的物体如螺栓时,同样假定应力是T=f/a均布的二读T f/a Iequal toF dividedA2In the above equationpositive stressesindicate tension and negativestresses compression上述各个公式中,正应力表示拉应力,负应力表示压应力省略了和状语indicate in theaboveequation复杂长句多4•Unit4NC and CNC-k、New words:
4.1The historyof NCandCNCdevelopment数字控制NC=Numerical control计算机数字控制CNC=Computer Numericalcontrol执行Execute:自动的Automatically按顺序In sequence:指定的As specified:包含Contain:Propose:提出propose to向..・求婚密西根州Michigan:提出;推荐Recommend:过轴曲线美式口语Thru-axis curve:thru=through授予;给予Award:契约;合同Contract:加速Speed up:产量,生产,产品,生产量Product ion:委托Commissi on:麻省理工学院美国马萨诸塞州Massachusetts instituteof technologyM,T.T.Massachusetts:实施Imp1emen tation:打孔Perforate:成熟的Mature:强大的Powerful:微处理机Microprocessors管理;监督Supervision:达孔Punch:执行Execut ion:
5.2The applicationof NC/CNC弓进Introduction:I冲压机;冲床Punches:pl.Electrical dischargemachine=EDM:电火花加工机床discharge;放电火焰切割机床;线切割机床Flame cutter:磨床Grinder::检验inspection转动架turret:接受accept::期刊;盒;仓库magazine:转动swiveled;转换器changer:0D=outside diameter;outside dimension尾座Tai1stock:互换Int erchange:动柱Traveling column:W托板Pallet•索引表Index table:Home work:Page44:Exercises:
1.Fill intheblankaccordingto thetext.⑴⑶〜
2.Answer the following questionsbriefly.1~
23.Say whetherthefollowingstatements aretrue Tor falseF accordingto thetext.ir⑶八Translate thefollowing sentencesinto Chines.1A
25.Translate thefollowing phrasesinto English.1A6
二、Technical ReadingMachinesThat MimicManMan hasalways usedaugmenters toincrease the powers whichnature endowedhim.A simplestick,made intoa leverto extendhis reachand enablehim tomove heavyobjects,may havebeen hisfirstmachine•Slingshots helpedhim killfood animalsthat wereat greaterdistances•The wheeleased hismovementand hisburdens over the ground.But thosewere simpleaugmenters forsimple tasks.Man hasmadehis worldmuch morecomplex.With therapid developmentof scienceand tech no logy,mans augmentershave becomemuch moresophisticated.They aredesigned notonly todo thework ofman,but alsotodo itin muchthe sameway aman would.Some simplyamplify themuscular powerof theirhuman operators.The walkingtruck beingconstructed,for example,isalarge devicethat mightbetter becalled awalking horse.A mansits inside,movi nghis armsand legsto makethe horsemove itsown fourlegs andcarry fargreater loadsthan theoperatorcould.Another man,wearing amovable mechanicaland electricalframework,lifts1,500poundssix feetin sixsec onds.Other machineslink aman toa computerand thecomputer toa workdevice.Thanks to thecomputer,the mandoes notneed toguide thedevice througheach step•The computerremembers7howto directthe armsof themachine byitself throughmany worksteps•Still othermimicking machinesgo whereman cannot-into theocean depthsand intonu clearreactorswhere radiation wouldcause ahuman operatorto becomesick orto die.Augmenters thatextend mansmental andphysical skillsover longdistances-but stillrequire mansremotecontrol-are calledtele-operators.Someday doctorsmay usesuch systemsto operateon patientsthousandsof milesaway•With machinesand robotsbecoming moreand moresophisticated,will theysomeday take over theworldfrom manMost scientists dontthink so.In stead,they say,robots will takeovermore ofmansheavy work,giving manmore timefor creativework.New words:(作人类替身从事危险丁•作的)替身机器人或机械手辅助器械Augmentor赋了Endow Stick棍子杠杆Lever Reach可即之范围Task工作Mimic模拟复杂的AmplifySophisticate扩大Remote弹弓Slingshot远程的Con struct接管Take over制造;建造;构成Mile机构;构造远距离Framework Tele-英里Tele-operator远程操作译文模拟人的机器人类一直利用辅助器械来增强大自然所赋予的力量,用一-根普通的棍子来扩大手臂可及之范围,或者移动重物,这可能是最早的机器了弹弓可以帮助人们猎食远处的动物轮子使人便于在地上行走并减轻负担但这些都是用于做简单工作的简易装置人们让世界变得越来越复杂了随着科技的迅猛发展,人类的辅助器械也越来越复杂,设计这些装置不仅是为了让他们做人的工作,而且要让他们和人一样的工作有些器械只是加强操作者肌肉的力量例如止在建造的“步行车”就是一个大型的装置,更恰当些说可称之为“步行马”,人坐其中,运动它的臂和腿,使“马”移动它的四条腿,搬运的载荷远远超过人力所及再有,一个人穿上一种可动的机屯装置,在秒钟内可将磅61500的重物提高英尺6还有一种机器可将人、计算机和工作设备联系起来幸亏有了计算机,人类不必亲临指导设备做每一个步骤,计算机“记得”如何指挥机械手做很多工作还有一些模拟机可以到达人所不能到的地方,深入深海、进入放射线强度可使人患病甚至致死的核反应堆被称为“远程操作”的装置可增强人的智能和体能,仍需要人远程控制有朝一日,医牛可以利用这种系统为数千里外的病人作手术随着机器和机器人变的越来越复杂化,他们是否有一天会取代人类来掌管这个世界?大部分科学家认为不会相反的,他们认为,机器人会接管更多的繁重任务,给人类更多的时间进行创造性工作
一、Grammar翻译的标准和过程
1.准确科技用语必须符合我国科技界的习惯、规范和约定译文叙述的内容要准确、明白、无歧义)1On theother hand,a material whichob eysHookes Lawis elastic.反之,凡是符合胡克定律的材料就是弹性材料(增词译法)注释不定冠词3在举例中含有“任何一种”的意义,因此,在译句中增译“凡是一TR]0增译“材料”是为了符合汉语的习惯增译“就”是为了加强肯定语气)2The portionof the toothbet weenthe clearancecircle and the dedendumcircle isthe fillet.齿廓在间隙圆和齿根圆之间的那一部分是圆角将译为齿廓是符合技术概念一引申译法tooth通顺
3.指符合汉语的修辞规则和习惯要注意的问题)译句中各个语法成分的排列顺序和相互关系要符合汉语的习惯12)句子之间要有呼应和关联3)恰当体现原句之时态,语态,情态,和语气
(1)The constantsare foundby solvingthese twoequations simultemeously将两个方程联合求解,则可求出上述两个常数一求出(弓|中译法)一两个常数(增词译法)依据方程组求解知识,增译“则find constants可”是为了前后呼应的需要,同时全句采用了“变序译法”2The assumptionofauniform distributionof stressisfrequently madein design在设计中,常请趟应力均布的假定3Tn aclosed cylinder along itudiiial stresswi11exi st becauseof the pressure upon the endsOf由于压力作用于容器的两端,故在封闭圆筒上,将产生纵向应力the vessel•.简练3直杆受拉,则伸长1What astraight baris subjectedtoatensile load,thebarbecomes longer.翻译过程分为三个阶段:理解一表达一校核Unit5Safety andMaintenance ForCNC MachineNew words:
5.1safety notesfor CNCmachine operations关注con cern:金属切削metal-cutting:动化的automated:§因此;必然的consequently:危〔绘hazard:找出;探出locate:员工personnel:预防preve nt:伤害injury:损害damage:夹具clamping:旋转木马;转盘carousH:连接conjunction:冲突;抵触;碰撞collision:
①有危险的,冒险的hazardous:unqualified不合格的,不满足要求的proven被证明的
5.2Daily maintenance机床machinetool builder:Jglove手套工具袋glove compartment:句法syn tax:爪子hook:插入insert:
5.3Fault diagnosisand action铁屑chip:钝的dull blade:The followingdiagram showswhat happensin adisplacer typeStirling engineduring oneworkingcycle.A.The power piston is in itslowest andthe displacerin itshighest position.All theworking gas is inthe coldspace.B.The displacerisstillin itshighest position.But thepowerpistonhas goneup andcompressed the gas inthecold space•C.The powerpiston isnow inits upperposition andthe displacerhas pushedthe gasthrough thecooler,the regenerator;andtheheating pipesinto thehot space.D.The hotgasisbeing expanded,and hestenergy isbeing transformedinto mechanicalenergy asthedisplacer andthepowerpiston arepushed downinto theirlowest positions.The pistonwill staytherewhile thedisplacer risesand pushesthegasthrough theheating pipes,regenerator andcooler into thecold space__and weare backwhere westarted.Words:Diagram图表Position位置斯特林(音译)Stirling:置换器Displacer:活塞Piston:蓄热器Regenerator:Cooler冷却器Expand膨胀As随之hestenergy热能mechanicalenergy机械能译文置换器型斯特林发动机工作循环如下所示置换器在最高位,动力活塞在最低位所有的工作气体在冷空间;A.置换器不动,动力活塞上升并挤压冷空间的气体;B.动力活塞到达最高位,置换器下移,推动气体经过冷却器、蓄热器、和加热管进入热空间;C.热气膨胀,热能转变成机械能,随之动力活塞和置换器到达最低位D.动力活塞不动,置换器上升推动气体经过加热管、蓄热器和冷却器进入冷空
三、Grammarmovabletable:,舌动工作台block滑块;程序段障碍dog:环境的外界的ambient:home work:pages65exercise:1Give shortanswers accordingto thetext.2Translate thefollowing sentencefrom Englishinto Chinese.
二、Technical ReadingWAYSTO WATCHYOUR REARENDA systemhas beendeveloped tohelp driverssee whatis happeningat theback of their vehicles•Articulated truckdrivers havelong hadproblems withblind spotswhen drivingtheir vehicles.Thesehave graduallybeen overcomewith theintroduction ofwide angleand roofmirrors whichhave mademajorcontributions tothe safeoperation of these commercialvehicles・Pedestrians orobjects,which werepreviously hiddenfrom view,can nowbe seenat aglance allowingzthe driver totake timelyaction.Unfortunately,many pedestriansand cyclistsare stillinvolved inaccidentsby movingtoo closeto commercialvehicles•Often thisoccurs whentrucks negotiaten arrowben ds,tur nrightor leftat crossing,and inparticular whenreversing.In suchsituations the trailer whenin anoblique positionrelative tothe tractorobscures thefield ofvisionprovided bythe rearview mirror.Especially ontheco-drivers sidethedriveris unableto seethe end讦of thetrailer.The driveris thereforeunaware thetrailer movesoverthepavement,or ifpedestrians,careless cyclists,or anything elseisinthe dan ger zone.One solutioncould be the manualadjustment of the rearview mirror;but thisis unrealisticdue tothe仁minimal timeavailable.In orderto overcomethese safetyconcerns MEKRALang hasdeveloped seiadjusting mirrors,which adjustautomatically andfacilitate permanenteye contacttotheend ofthetrailer.The advantagesoffered arethat thefield ofvision isalways directedtowards thedangerzone;and thereisno distractionfor thedriver havingto makemirror adjustmentsmanu ally•The system,which requiresa12or24V supply,is integratedinthe mirror;and calculatesthe angleofthe trailerbythemovement ofthe vehicle.The requiredposition ofthemirror glass willbe calculatedandadjusted accordingly.The lengthofthetrailer playsa secon daryrole,due tothe factthat anaverage lengthis presupposed provided witha certainrange oftoleranee.The adjustmentofthemirrorglassis carriedout withvariable speed,preventing themirror fromjumping.The self-adjustment ispreprogrammed forforward movementbut canalsobeset forreversing.During tightmaneuvers itis imperativethat thedriver cansee histrailer.In thissituation,the systemcan beswitchedautomatically tothe wide-angle mirror.Control ofthe self-adjustingmirroris blockedwhen highervehiclespeeds arereached toprevent driverirritation.New words:行人Pedestria n:骑自行车的人Cyclist:采取行动及时地通过厉害关系电源;供电;供给Take action:Timely:Negotiate:Concern:Supply:Ways的方法后部机动车较接式卡车to:〜Rear end:Vehicle:Articulated truck:wide angleand roofmirrors:广角镜瞥特另的换向;倒车拖车;挂车倾斜的at aglance:—particular:U reversing:trailer:oblique:牵引车遮掩;模糊的便利的分心、预先tractor:obscure:facilitate:distraction:presupposedprovided:假定的公差;允许差调动]激;刺激物tolerance:man euver:irritation:^l译文
三、Grammar翻译的基本方法词的选择%1同一个单词会有不同的译法,根据所用场合选择适当的词意,有时不仅是译成同性词、根据词类判断词义11Referring tothe stresselement in Fig.2•3,a faceis definedas positiveif anouter normaltothat facepoints inthe samedirection asone ofthe coordinateaxes.如图所示,若应力单元体上某个面的外法线与某一坐标轴的指向相同,则规定该面为2-3正面注释在本例中,英语原句中的是动词,词义是“指向”,译时为汉语名词pointFace主语…“面”名词,为状语从句的主语,词义法线Normal.此即为图中的点2This ispoint bin Fig.11-1011-10b、根据学科,专业判断词义如2的译法•power自动制动器自动进给Power brakepower feedpower普通车床机械操Power latheoperaticPower stroke工作行程power tool电动工具Power shaft传动轴rated powermachine动力机械额定工率power powerfuel电源power source发动机燃料动力头电源设备power unit执行结构功率单位Point名词点乂如洗衣机垫圈washer、根据搭配判断词义关于“开”的英译3开瓶子to openthe bottle开车to drivea car开灯to turnonthelight开炮to firea gun开会to havea meeting词义的引伸%1当英语句子中的某个词按词典的释义直接译出不能符合汉语的修辞习惯或语言规范时,则可以在不脱离该英语词本义的前提下灵活选择适当的汉语译出,这种翻译处理方法叫做引伸译法,可分三种类型、技术性引伸1其目的主要是使文中所涉及科学技术概念的词语的译名符合我国科学界和机械界的语言规范和习惯1The face-to-face mounting,called DF,willtakeheave radialloads andthrust loadsfrom eitherdirection.面对面安装方法称为安装法,这种安装法可以承受较大的径向载荷和任何方向的轴向DF推力载荷原义接受;获得,在此引伸译为“承受”Take、修辞性引伸2目的完全是为了使译句的语言比较流畅,文句比较通顺1Three different shearstressed exist,the largestoftheseis T.存在着三个大小不同的剪应力,其中最大的一个是2This machineis simpleis design,yet itis efficientin operation.这台机器的结构简单,但工作效率很高、具体化引伸3当在英语句子中采用含义比较笼统,抽象的词,而生硬译出会造成概念不清,或用词不符合汉语的习惯时,译文中可以选用比较具体的词译出如I:Some newcars arefuel-efficient models.某些新型汽车是省油汽车fuel-efficientmodels原意为“燃料有效模型”
(三)增词增词的目的在于更完善,清楚地表达英语句子所阐述的内容.补译原文省略词语1在系统设计中成本可能是主要因索,也Cost mayor notbetheprimary factorin systemdesign.可能不是主要因索In anycase checkup thisdata ofthe experimentas youdid yourown.你无论如何要核对一下他的实验数据,就像你核对自己的数据那样(主句省略了主语从句以代替主句出现的动词之后省略you,did check,own dataoftheexperime)nt.补充动作意义的词语2补充含有动作意义的汉语名词如“现象”,“作用”,“过程”,“效应”,“方法”,“工艺”等概论一什么是翻译?机械工程英语翻译的困难主要存在于正确理解原文的含义和用确切的汉语文句准确表达原文的含义两个方面译者除必须是有较好的英语基础,较高的汉语修养,较为丰富的机械工程专业知识外,还必须懂得翻译的理论技巧和方法本课将介绍翻译机械工程英语著作的基本理论知识,技巧和方法,帮助同学们提高翻译水平和质量-英汉两种语言的对比一般特点翻译的习惯,语序,省略11When a=O Eq14-1shows that thepressureis Zero./由式可知,二时压力为零用连接子句14,1a whenthat方程式、等式Eq—eq=equatier2It frequentlyhappens,inthecase ofplane stress,thatthetwo principalstresses o*i and6have thesame sign.平而应力的两个主压力和匕的符号往往相同用介词和连词连接词组,用6in,of andthat引主语从句、词汇现象2Phrase英汉两种语言在词的意义搭配和词序等词汇现象上也存在着差别词的意义1英语词汇和汉语词汇在词义的对应有三种不同的情况%1英汉词义对等First,如齿轮轮齿gear teeth压力一应变图stress-strain diagram螺栓联接bolted connection最大弯矩maximum bendingmoment英汉词义部分对应,即两者在词义所概括的范围上不同,如既可专指“齿%1second gear轮”,又可泛指任何类型的“传动装置”而则专指“小齿轮”Pinion在不同场合下,同一汉语采用不同英语词汇%1“特性”一词举例1In fact,many motorsdo havea nearlyconstant torque-speed characteristicduring starting.特性,特征Characteristic:机器的运转状态,性能Behavior:固定的,不变的,常量Constant:事实上,许多电动机在启动时的扭矩一转运特性几乎不变2Tolera ncescover dimensional variationandsun face-rough nessrange andalso thevariation in公差这个概念mechanical propertiesresulting fromheat treatmentand otherprocessing operations.包括尺寸偏差范围和表而粗糙度范围,也包括由热处理和其它处理操作所引起的机械特性的变化3These camsperform suchimportant functionin manycases thatthe behavioroftheentiremachine isdependent uponthe designofthecam motion.这些凸轮起着相当重要的作用,在许多情况下,整台机器的特性都取决于凸轮运动的设计©The thind一个英语词所表达的意义与几个具有不同的词义的汉语词分别对应:轴、箭、长柄、树干;Shaft电源、功率、动力、乘方、国家;Power刀具、锐刀、刀盘、切断机;CutterShaping包(J削、成形;接头、轴节、联接;Joint
⑤此外5英词还有些尚无确定的译法,主要指新词,如一词aerospace“航空宇宙”一“航空公司”一“宇宙空间”……“航天”Aerospace Hydraulicmotor:“液压电机”-----------------“液压马达”⑵词的搭配由于思维方式和语言形成过程的不同,英汉在同一搭配上存在着较大的差别,这种差别主要表现在•和和的搭配上an/v n如原义“建造”“建设’“构造”“造型”build而当与不同的搭配时,应有不同的译法b ui ldn.Build ahouse盖房Build acar制造汽车造船修筑铁路Build aship Build a railwayBuild a bridge架桥Buildadam筑坝Buildafire生火沉重Heavy的1,重型的,重的5大量的大风暴Heavy loadheavy stormHeavymachi!重型机械heavy crops丰收强电流繁重的任务Heavy current heavytask粗浅拥挤的交通Heavy wireheavy traffic强烈的炮火Heavy fireUnit2Mecha nicalComp orients
一、New words:
2.1Shafts实心轴柔,性轴圆柱形的棒solid shaft:flexible shaft:cylindrical:bar:传递deliver:arrangement:;八装、装配radiipl.radius半径普通的传送装置plain transmission:阶梯轴stepped shaft:机床主轴machine toolspindle:机轴crankshaft:开口簧环circlips:半圆键wood ruffkey:
2.2shaft accessoriessquare正方形下陷的sunken:矩形的rectangular:比例]ratio:
2.3Clutches同轴的coaxial:强制传动positive drive:
2.4Screws紧固件fastener:有头螺钉cap screw:
2.5Springs负载敏感(元件)load-sensitive:Home work:Page22:Exercise:
1.fill theblanks witha properword accordingtothetext.
二、Technical ReadingFUTUREWATCHIN THE1930s,the famouscartoon detectiveDick Tracyused histhervfantastic nwrist whatchamacallitnto maketelephone calls•Now Europeanelectronics giantsPhilips andBritish Telecomare developingwristdevices DickTracy wouldenvy:They wouldcombine suchfeatures asvideo phone,TV andradio reception,clock,electronic notebook,anda personal computerwith wirelessaccess tothe internetsWorld WideWeb.The basictech nologies tomake11wrist commun icatorsM existtoday,says Philips,though theDutchcompany saysit likelywon*t createan operationalmodel untilat leastthe year2003•The components,including batteries,must beminiaturized•While anearly nonworki ngprototype demon stratesbutt onsforoperati on,Philips saysthat voice•recogniti ontechnology andan interactivescree nmight replacetoughcontrol.Philips alsoenvisions thewireless connectiontotheWorld WideWeb forgraphics andvideoimages.Researchers atBT BritishTelecom Laboratoriesin MartleshamHeath,England,have takentheirversion oftheideaa stepfurther.The labhas beendisplaying aworking prototypein Britainto potentialequipmentmanufactures•The somewhatbulky communicati onscon solein eludescellular telephone,video phoneJax computer;clock,and batteries,and encirclesmost ofapersons forearm.z WordsCartoon卡通某它,叫不出名子的东西Whatchamacallit=what doyou callitDetective侦探Fantastic奇异的BritishTelecom英国电信公司Combine组合Feature特性Accessto进网World WideWeb全球信息网Minaturize微型化Dutch荷兰Prototype原型机Laboratory实验室Graphic扫描Bulky容量Cellular蜂窝状Fax传真Encircle缠绕译文在本世己年代,著名的卡通人物侦探迪克•雷西用来打电话的是他当时带的一块非常奇a30异的叫不出名字的手表如今,欧洲电子业巨头菲利普先生和英甯信公司正在研裂速迪克.特HI雷西也会嫉妒的手表他们将把可视电话、电视、收音机、时钟、电子记事簿以及能与全球互联网络的个人电脑组合在一起菲利普公司称,制造腕式通信器的基本技术如今已具备,但这家荷兰公司表示他们说不定得到年才能制造出可操作的样机,其包括电池在内的零部件必须微型化,虽然早一代非实2003用原型机是用按钮操作来演示的,但菲利普公司认为声音识别技术和可互视的屏幕有可能取代触摸控制该公司还设想在扫描与可视图象方面同全球互联网络设在英格兰马特利香西思的英国通信公司的实验室的研究人员,己把这设想先行了一步,该实验室已向英国未来的设备制造商展示了一个可工作样机,这个容量颇大的通信控制器包括了蜂窝电话、可视电话、传真、电脑、时钟和电池等,戴时满绕使用者的大部分前臂
三、Grammar()词序3词语的各个成分在句中的位置叫“词序”1)共同点就自然词序而言,主语、表语、宾语许多英语可直译成汉语如()1The rimmust havesufficient rigidity.轮缘必须有足够的刚度(主
(2)The tensionrod showninFig.2-12i sty pical•图2-12所示的拉杆是典型的(表)()3These twoconstants representfundamental propertiesof material.这两个常数表示材料的基本性能(宾)2)不同点在定语和状语的词序上差别很大在英语句子中,若定语是一个单词,则置前若是一个短语,则置后在汉语中,定语-律置前地点和时间状语正好相反汉语由大一小,年月日(汉)•中国•上海.英语由小一大(英)02•3•1,10/3/05Shanghaiof China.年一用基数词,日一用序数词1999/7/23July23,1999卖()t Julythe twenty-third,nineteen ninety-nine.1905—nineteen hundredand five一1800eighteen hundred2005—twenty hundredand fiveUnit3Control Devicesand PLC
一、Newwords
3.1Types ofControl Devices气动控制pneumatic contrcd:()编程逻辑控制调速器programmable logiccontrol PLC:nJ governor:有效的,经济的cost effectively:Automatedmachine自动机床易于..Be subjectto:利用压缩空气、阀和It usescompressed air,valves,and switchesto constructsimple controllogic.开关构成简单的控制逻辑造Build:Relays,timers,counter继电器、定时器、计数器移动的Moving:通用的;多功能的Versatile:策略Strategy:Computationii MSn联系装置;接Interface:11内部的Internally:电压;伏特数伏特Voltage:volts:milliamper=milliampere毫安(培)Filterout滤除Custom-built定做的
3.2Relay devicecomponents上控制板pane电路circuit:款式styles:不中类category:极;杆;极点;电极pole:proximity接近,邻近levelswitches电位开关thumbwheelswitches拨轮开关thumb wheelswitch:拇指旋转开关slideswitches当位开关Homework:。