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阅读理解中的词义理解题掌握一些阅读中词义理解的技巧,通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义
一、设问方式()•The underlinedword...refers to/probably means.•“・・・as usedin thepassage can best bedefined as...•What doyou thinkthe expressionstands for•What doesthe underlinedword referto in the lastparagraph•Which of the followingwords cantake theplace ofthe word.•・”?•The underlinedword・・・could bestbe replacedby...•Which ofthe followinghas theclosest meaningto theword•What doesthe authormean by・・・in paragraph2
二、阅读理解中词义理解的技巧.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测1有时需要推测其意思的词或短语后面接着出现其定义或解释标点符号,如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据例1Soon afterwards,many ofthose peoplestarted settlingdown to become farmers,and theirlanguagestoo becamemore settledand fewerin number.Tn recentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopment ofthe nation-state and the spreadof universalcompulsory education,especiallyglobalisation andbetter communicationsin thepast fewdecades,all havecaused manylanguages todisappear,and dominantlanguages suchas English,Spanish andChinese areincreasingly takingover.
29.Which ofthe followingbest explainsdominant underlinedin paragraph2A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.[分析]根据画线词所在句子可知,人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失,而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代,画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位,故选项(强大的,有影响力的)C powerful根据同位关系进行猜测
2.阅读中出现的生词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测例2一I amPeter Hodes,a volunteerstem cellcourier.Since March2012,Ive done89trips ofthose,(干细胞)51have beenabroad.I have42hours tocarry stem cells inmy littlebox becauseIve gottwoice packsand thatshow longthey last.In all,from thetime thestem cellsare harvestedfrom adonor(捐献者)to thetime theycanbeimplanted in the patient,we*ve got72hours atmost.So Iam alwaysconsciousof time.
29.Which ofthe followingcan replacethe underlinedword courier“in Paragraph1A.provider B.delivery manC.collector D.medical doctor[分析]是的同位语;根据文中a volunteerstemcellcourier”Peter Hodes”“I have42hours to(干细胞)可知,的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细carry stemcells inmy littlebox”Peter Hodes胞运送给需要的病人,即作者是干细胞递送员故选择项B.根据构词法进行理解3有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式,构成新词,掌握了一定的构词法知识,就不难理解它的词义如
①“Our partiesare aimedfor children2to10,“Anaclerio said,“and theyrevery interactiveandcreative inthat theybuilt asense ofdrama basedon asubject.”文中是由前缀(相互的)和(活动的,活跃的)构成的,同时根据interactive inter-active上下文的意思可以判断,该词的含义应是“互动的”
②Perhaps,we cansee somepossibilities fornext fiftyyears.But thenext hundred是的同根名词,据此可以判断的意思是“可能性”possibility possiblepossibility例3A silencein aconversation mayalso showstubbornness,uneasiness,or worry.[分析]根据构词法知识我们可知,为否定前缀,为名词后缀,(舒适)为词un--ness easy根因此,我们可猜测为“不安;担忧”之意uneasiness.根据因果关系进行理解4阅读中,根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因例如例4If youhave a juicer,you cansimply feedin frozen bananas andsome berriesor slicedfruit.Outcomes a softserve“creamy dessert,to beeaten rightaway.This makesa funactivity fora childrensparty;they lovefeeding thefruit andfrozenbananasinto thetop ofthe machineand watchingthe icecreamcome outbelow.
26.What isajuicer“in thelast paragraphA.A dessert.B.A drink.C.A container.D.A machine.[分析]该段第一句含有一个引导的条件状语从句,若满足该条件,则产生的结果是if第——句的后半句和第二句,“you cansimply feedin frozenbananas andsome berriesorsliced fruit.Out comesasoft-serve,creamy dessert,to beeaten rightaway.即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去,出来的是奶油状甜品由此因果关系可推知指的是榨汁机故选择juicer项D.根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测5文章中的代词或可以指代上文提到的人或物,其中和还可以指it,that,he,him themit that代一件事有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事物例如例5[]2Despite thecelebrations,though,in theU.S.the jazzaudience continuesto shrinkandgrow older,and themusic hasfailed toconnect withyounger generations.[]3Its JasonMorans jobto helpchange that.As theKennedy Centersartistic adviserfor jazz,Moran hopesto widenthe audiencefor jazz,make themusic more accessible,and preserveits historyandculture.
29.What doesthe underlinedword“that in paragraph3refer toA.Jazz becomingmoreaccessible.B,The productionof jazzgrowing faster.C.Jazz beingless popularwith theyoung.D.The jazzaudience becominglarger.[分析]根据语境可知,画线词指代第二段that“Despite thecelebrations,though,in theU.S.the jazzaudience continuesto shrinkand growolder,andthemusic hasfailed toconnect withyounger.”的内容,即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化,不受年轻人喜欢的现状故generations选C.根据同义或近义关系进行猜测6在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中,作者为了避免语言的单调、重复,有时会使用意思相同或相近的词因此,考生只要读懂上下文,知道其中一个词的意思,就能猜出另外一个词的意思例6Adults understandwhat itfeels liketo beflooded withobjects.Why dowe oftenassume thatmoreis morewhen itcomes tokids andtheir belongingsThe goodnews isthat Ican helpmy ownkids learnearlierthan Idid howto livemore withless.
32.What dothe words“more is more“in paragraph1probably meanA.The more,the better.B・Enough isenough.C.More money,more worries.D.Earn moreand spendmore.[分析]根据该段第一句可Adults understandwhat itfeels liketo beflooded withobjects.”知,作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉,后面又用反问句提出了问题但是,说到孩子们和他们的物品,我们为什么通常又认定呢?由此推知,这里的more ismore moreismore与前面的为近义呼应,指越多越好故选flooded withA.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测7根据上下句的连接词,如等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系,从而but,however,otherwise可以依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义另外,分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义例如
①A childsbirthday partydoesnt havetobe a hassle;,it canbeabasket offun.从分号前后两句的意思可以看出,和是相反的意义,所以不难判断hassle abasket offun的意思是“困难,麻烦”hassle
②She isusually promptfor allher class,but todayshe arrivedin themiddle ofher firstclass.一词表示转折,因此前后的意思正好相反根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课but but上了一半才来”,可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论
③The playersin theWorld Cupare professionals,while thosewho playintheOlympics mustbeamateurs.由于转折词引导的两个分句前后意义相反,我们可推测出是“while”amateurs professionals(专业人士)的反义词,意思为“业余人土,业余选手”Gray wolvesonce wereseen hereand thereinthe Yellowstone areaand muchofthecontinentalUnited States,but theywere graduallydisplaced byhuman development.By the1920s,wolves hadpracticallydisappeared fromtheYellowstonearea.They wentfarther northinto thedeep forestsofCanada,where therewere fewerhumans around.•••
29.What doesthe underlinedword“displaced“inparagraph2meanA.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forced out.D.Tracked down.[分析]画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼,连词转折but了句子意义,后来由于人类的发展,灰狼数量逐渐减少,几乎消失,由此可推断出画线词的意思为“被迫离开”,故选择项C。