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用法口诀我用am,你用are,is用在他、她、它,复数全用are如I ama teacher.You area student.She i s anurse.We areCh i nese.
②be动词的否定形式am not(无缩写形式),i snot=isn t,are not=aren t
2、助动词(do,does,did)
①do,does用于一般现在时,does用于第三人称单数,其他人称和数用do其过去式did用于一般过去时他们通常用在疑问句和否定句中助动词后动词要用原形如Do you Ii kethi sfilmDoes she I i ke playingfootbaI I I didn t go to schooI yesterday.
②否定形式do not=don t,does not二doesn t,did not=didnt
3、情态动词(can,may,must,shou Id,will,wou Id,sha I I等)情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,表示“可能”,“可以”,“需要”,“必须”,“应当”等意思情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后面的动词要用原形1)can和may都可以用来表示请求或允许,但may比can更正式,更客气些如Can Iuse yourpen MayI comein2)must和shouId
①must意为“必须,应当”,含有一种命令的语气,比较生硬,不容商量
②should意为“应当,应该“,表示建议或劝告,语气比较委婉,客气如:You mustfinish yourhomework beforeyou go to bed.You shouIdstay i n bedand have a goodrest.3)wi I I和wouId用于疑问句,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用wouId比wi I I更委婉,更客气4)也口Wi I I youplease open the windowWouId youIike somecoffee注意区别I dI ike*--我想要(接名词)如I dI ike some tea.I dI iketo…我想要做(接动词原形)如I dI iketo gowith you.I I ike***我喜欢(接名词或动名词)如I I ike monkeys.I I ike reading.4)sha I I在问句中表示征求对方的意见,主要用于第一人称如Sha I I wego thereby bus5)否定形式carT t,may not,mustn t,shouldn t,wouldn t,shaI Inot
4、行为动词-11-行为动词也叫实意动词,是具有实际意义的动词如run(跑),jump(跳),I isten(听),sing(唱),eat(吃),think(想)等行为动词在句子中有人称和时态的变化在英语中,不同时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,需要用不同的动词形式来表现,这就叫时态一般现在时----------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------一般过去时现在进行一般将来时第12讲一般现在时
1、定义表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态句中通常有usual ly,often,every day,sometimes always,at weekends,on Sundays等表示经常性时间的短语
2、构成1)当谓语是be动词时,一般现在时I ama student.He is的构成主语+be动词+其他如Jim sfather.2)当谓语是行为动词时,一般现在时的构They arefrom Japan.成
①主语(非第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他4口I oftenwatch TVat theweekends.Mr Greenand MrsGreen Ii ke collecting stamps.
②主语(第三人称单数)+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他如:Jim usuallyvisits hi s grandparents on Sundays.She sometimesgoes to the parkwith hermother.
3、动词三单形式的变化规则
①一般情况下,直接加s如read-reads,swim-swims
②以s,x,sh,ch,o2吉尾,加es4口wash-washes,watch-watches,do-does
③以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es如study-studies,fly-fl ies
④不规则变化如have-has
4、一般现在时的句型转换They watch TV every day.They don,t watch TV theyevery day.—Do theywatch TV every dayYes,do./No,they don,t.She watchesTV every day.She doesn,t watchTVeveryday.Does shewatchTVeveryday肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答—Yes,she does./No,she doesn,t.第13讲现在进行时
1、定义表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作句中常有now,look,listen等词如I amwashing cIothesnow.Look!Liu Taoi sclimbi ng the tree.Li sten!Jane i s singing i n the mus i croom.
2、构成be动词am/i s/are+动词现在分词V-ing
3、动词现在分词构成
①一般是在动词原形后加ing如read-reading,dr ink-dr inking,eat-eat ing,look-looking
②以不发音的e结尾的动词,去掉e,再加ing如wr i te-wr i t i ng,make-making,ride-riding,take-taking
③以重读闭音节结尾,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写这个字母,再加ing如sit-sitting,swim-swimming,put-putting,run-running,stop-stopping,get-gett ing,begin-beginning,jog-joggi ng,forget-forgett i ng
4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词,它既有名词性质(可作主语),又有动词性质(可带宾语)如Ask i ng thewayMy hobbyi scollectingstamps.He i s goodat skat ing.
5、现在进行时的句型转换肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He i s runn i ng now.He isn t runn i ngnow.—Is herunn i ngnow一Yes,he i s./No,he isnt.They aremaking a puppet.They aren,t making apuppet.—Are theymak i ngapuppet—Yes,they are./No,they aren,t.第14讲一般过去时
1、定义表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如a momentago,just now,yesterday,Iast week,this morning等如:I watchedthe moonand atethe mooncakes IastMid-Autumn Fest i vaI.Jim wentto thesupermarket yesterday.My brotheroften wentto schooIby bikeIast term.The watchwas beside the di arya momentago.
2、构成主语+动词的过去式+其他
3、动词过去式的变化规则
①一般在动词原形末尾加ed如p Iay-p Iayed,I i sten-1i stened,I ook-1ooked
②结尾是e的动词,加d如I ive-l ived,I ike-l iked,taste-tasted
③辅音字母+y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加ed如study-stud ied,car ry-carr ied,cry-cr ied
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写这个辅音字母,再加ed plan-planned如stop-stopped,
⑤不规则变化如am/i s-was are-were have/has-had do-did go-went sit-sat telI-toId see-saw get-gotmake-made give-gave read-read metbuy-bought come-came drawdreweat-ate f Iy-fIew meet-put-put run-ransay-said s i ng-sangswim-swam take-took
4、一般过去时的句型转换肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答He watchedTV yesterday.He didn,t watchTV yesterday.—Did hewatchTVyesterday—Yes,he di d./No,he didnt.They pIayedgames just now.They didnt pI ay games justnow.Did theypI aygamesjustnow—Yes,they di d./No,they didn*t.第15讲一般将来时
1、定义表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,以及打算、计划或准备某事句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow morning,next week,this afternoon等表示J等来的时间状语
2、构成:
①be gongto+动词原形am going to seea Beijingopera tomorrow.We are going tomeet atbus stopat halfpast ten.Dad andaregoing to seea Beijingopera th i s afternoon.
②wi I I+动词原形如They wi I I go swimmingthi s afternoon.3^be going to和will区别
①be goingto表示经过事先安排、打算或决定要做的事情,基本上一定会发生;will则表示有可能去做,但不一定发生,也常表示说话人的临时决定也口I amgoingtotake partin aparty thisevening.They arecleaning theIibrary now.I I I goand join them.
②be goingto表示近期或眼下就要发生的事情;wi II表示的将来时间则较远一^些如He i s goingto wr ite a letter tomorrow.I wi II meet herone day.
③be goingto还可以用来表示有迹象表明某件事将要发生,常用于天气等自然现象如Look!It s goingtorain.
4、一般将来时句型转换肯定句否定句一般疑问句及回答She isgoingto havea picnictomorrow.She isnt goingto havea picnictomorrow.—Is shegoingtohave apicnictomorrow—Yes,she is./No,she i sn,t.They wiII go swimmingthis afternoon.They wiIInot(wonJ t)go swimmingthis afternoon.—Wi II theygo swimmingthis afternoon—Yes,they will./No,they won,t.第16讲句法
1、陈述句说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子基本结构主语+谓语+其他1)肯定陈述句We a III ikepandas verymuch.2)否定陈述句He doesrTt dohousework at weekends3)肯定陈述句改否定陈述句
①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加notoMary was at schoolMary wasyesterday.一schooInot atl cannot make a yesterday,mode Ican make a mode I pIane.plane.
②不含be动词或情态动词的,行为动词前要用助动词的否定式don t,doesn,t,didn,t,后面跟动词的原形He I ikes drawing pictures.—He doesn”t Iike drawingpictures.I wentto the park yesterday.—l didn”t goto thepark yesterday.4)陈述句改一般疑问句
①有be动词或情态动词的,把be动词或情态动词提前Mary wasat schooIyesterday.一Was Maryat schoolyesterday Ican makea modeI pIane.一Can youmakeamodeIpIane
②不含be动词或情态动词的句子,借助助动词开头,动词还原成原形He Iikes drawingpictures.—Does heIikedrawingpictures.I wentto thepark yesterday.—Did you gototheparkyesterday
2、疑问句用来提出问题,询问情况的句子,末尾用问号1一般疑问句一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实,通常以be动词,助动词或情态动词开头,用yes或no来回答,因此又叫是非疑问句,通常读升调—kMr Greenfrom the UK—Yes,he is./No,he isnt.Do youhave anyhobb ies一Yes,1do./No,1don t.—Can youp1ay theguitar—Yes,1can./No,1can t.2特殊疑问句以特殊疑问词引导,要求回答具体问题,How doyou goto workeveryday—Igo3选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方选择,不能用yes或no来回答一toWouId youIikesome teaor coffee—Some workby car.往往用or连接4)反意疑问句反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成一It sa fineday,isntit—Yes,it is.
3、coffee,pI ease.祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事1)用于第二人称,通常省略you
①肯定祈使句Open the door,please.
②否定祈使句Don tbe lateagain.2用于第一人称和第三人称,通常以let let后跟宾格或shall开头Let mehavealook.Let spI aya gamenow.Let himgo homenow.Sha II wemeet atone thi rty infront of the GardenTheatre
4、感叹句表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情,句尾常用感叹号!,语气用降调1what+名词或名词性短语What a big gardenit is!What ani nteresti ngstorybook it is!What loveIy weather itis!What pretty girls they are!2how+形容词或副词+主语+动词How nice!How beautifulthe flowersare!How taII YaoMing is!5^there be句型表示在某地有某人或某物1主语是单数,be动词用is was;主语是复数,be动词用are wereThere is somemilk i n thefr idge.0There are some peaches i n the basket.2如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在,be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定There isa ruler andfive knivesi n the penci I case.There arefive kni vesan darulerin thepenciIcase.3there be句型和have/has区别there be句型表示某地有某人或某物;have/has表示某人有某物has用于第三人称单数,其余人称和数用have There aresome Eng Ii sh bookson thedesk.I have someEng Iishbooks.e.g.It is the first dayof thenew term.
⑥用在乐器名称前e.g.He oftenpI ays the violin atweekends.
⑦用在形容词最高级前e.g.Spr i ngis thebest seasoni na year.8用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前e.g.I wenttotheGreat WaII lastweek.9用在国家名称的缩写前e.g.He is fromtheUK.
3、零冠词名词前不用冠词的情况在季节、月份、星期、节假日、三餐、球类或棋类运动前,通常不用冠i司e.g.have breakfast,pI aybasketbaII,pIaychess第5讲代词
1、人称代词表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词它我们你们他们主格I youhe sheitwe youthey宾heritus youthem
①主格一般用在句子开头做主语,通常用在动词前格me youhime.g.I ama student.They arec Iean i ngthe c I assroom.
②宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象,一般用在动词和介词后面e.g.Ask her,please.Listen tome carefuIIy.
2、物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyour hisher itsour yourthei r名3可寸生mine yourshi shersitsoursyoursthei rs
①形容词性物主代词后面一^殳要带上名词如my watch,hi scous i n,our school
②名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词,故其后不能再加名词,可单独使用e.g.—I sthat your bike—No.Mine isbIue.
3、不定代词没有明确指定代替某个(些)人或物的词叫不定代词
(1)some和any都表示“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词
①some多用在肯定句中,any多用在否定句和疑问句中e.g.There aresome fI owers in thegarden.(肯定句)There isnt anymilk i nthef ridge.(否定句)Do youhave anyhobb ies(疑问句)
②在表示邀请和希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中也要用some e.g.一Wou Id youIikesomecoffee—Yes,p Iease.(邀请)—Mum,can Ihavesomepeaches—Sure.(希望对方给予肯定回答)
(2)both和a II
①both表示“两个都”,只指代或修饰可数名词e.g.We areboth policemen.强调两人
②all表示“三个或三个以上都……”,既可指代或修饰可数名词,也可指代或修饰不可数名词e.g.They area IIi ntheroom.至少三人3many和much都表示“许多”,many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词e.g.My uncIehas manystamps.There is muchtea i nthecup.4each和everyeach强调个人,指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”;every是指许多人或事物的“全体”,与all的意思相近e.g.III buya presentfor eachof herparents.我要为她的父母每人买一^牛礼物Every bookin his studyisinterest ing.他书房里的每本书都很有趣
(5)other作形容词时意思是“其他的”,指尚未提到的部分,其后一般接复数名词e.g.We studyChinese,Engl ish,Maths everythingandother subjects.
(6)something和something1something某事;某物e.g.I want2everything一事物;每样事物e.g.nobody没有人to dr ink.e.g.She Ii kesnobody
4、疑问代词用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词,TeI I me everythingabout you.
(7)and nobodyIikes her.what一般放在疑问句的句首问什么—What s your name一My nameisTom.What colour问颜色—What colourisyour coat一It sred.what day问星期—What dayisit today—It”s Monday.what date问日期—What dateisit today—It”s thefi rst of June.what shape问形状—What shapeis the moon—It“s round,what***job问工作—What syour fathers job--Her sa busdriver.what time问时间—What timeis it—Itr sten o clock,when问时候—When isyourbirthday—It”son thefirstofMay.wh ich问哪个—Which isyourwatch,th is oneor thatone—That one.where问少也点一Where is mypen—It son thefloor,who问谁一Who is theboy withbig eyes—He sLiu Tao.whose问谁的一Whose bagis this—It sHelen s.why问原因一Why are you absenttoday—I mhow问方式——How doyougoto school—By bus.how many问数量——How manybooks arethere—There arefi ve.how much问价钱一How muchisit—Twenty yuan.how oId问年龄一How oldareyou——ImtweIve.how far问距离一How farit fromhere——It sabout onek iIometer.how about问情况一Imthi rsty.How aboutyou—Me,too.
5、指示代词
①this(这个)、these(这些)表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物
②that(那个)、those(那些)表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物第6讲形容词形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征它的位置通常放在被修饰的名词前,也可以放在be动词和look、feel、taste、sound^get之后在英语中,形容词有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级
2、表示两者“比较”时用比较级,结构为比较级+than,表示“xx比xxx更”....e.g.He“s oneyear youngerthan me.形容词比较级的构成规则
①一般在词尾加ere.g.tai Ier,longer,stronger,younger
②以字母e名吉尾,只加re.g.late-later,nice-nicer
③以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加ere.g.heavy-heav ier
④双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ere.g.fat—fatter,thin-thinner,big—bigger
⑤双音节和多音节词的比较级,在原级前加moree.g.more beautiful,more carefuI
⑥不规贝U变彳匕e.g.good-better,many/much-more,far-farther,bad/iIl-worse
3、三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较,用形容词最高级结构为the+形容词最高级+in/of等表示范围的短语,表示“最”o e.g.Autumn isthebest seasoni nNew York.She isthetaI Iestgirl ofour three.第7讲副词
1、副词是一种用来修饰动词或形容词的词,说明时间、程度、方式等概念大多数副词都可以放在动词后面e.g.dance beautifully,Ii stencarefuI Iy,sit qui etIy,speak IoudIy,very happy
2、副词的比较级变化规则与形容词比较级基本相同,以ly结尾的副词一般用more carefully,more quietly第8讲介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的词,它一般放在名词、代词(宾格)或动词前面more e.g.
02、on
②用在某一天(上、下午)morning
③前如on the5th ofon ChildrenMondays以Day结尾的节日前如:s Day,on duty(值日),put ononSunday,on介词又叫前置词,on NewYear Dayturn
①在某个时刻前如at sevenoclock
②在传统节日前at SpringFestivaI,at Mid-Autumn Festival,at Chri stmas
③在较小的地点at thebus stop
6、near靠近如There is parknear myhouse.
7、bes ide在……旁边如The studentsare standingbesidetheteacher.
8、next to紧靠旁边如The teachers”off ice is nextto ourcI assroom.
9、before(时间上)在之前如before class(上课前)schooI(放学后),look after(照看),run after(追赶),read afterme(跟我读)
11、between在两者之间如There aresome treesbetween BuiIding Aand BuiIdingB.
10、after(时间上)在之后;依照固定搭配after cI ass(课后),after
12、by乘某种交通工具如by bus,by pIane,by theway(顺便说一T)
13、from
②f rom・・・to***(从......至U......)We goto schoolfrom Mondayto Friday.
14、to到、去如Let sgotothe zoo.固定搭配wr ite to(给xx写信)
15、about关于;大约如I wantto buya bookabout animals.It sabout oneki lometeraway.
16、for为、给如Here saletterfor you.What“s forbreakfast固定搭配look for(寻找),wait for(等候)
17、with
②具有某种特征如:Who”stheboy withbig eyes
19、aI ong沿着,顺着如Go aIongth is street.
20、as作为如What would youIike asabirthday present
24、up向上如stand up(起立),pul Iup carrots(拔胡萝卜)
25、down向下如sit down(坐下),jump upand down(上下跳)第9讲数词
1、基数词表示数目多少1one11eI even21twenty-one2two12tweIve22twenty-two3three13th irteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15f ift een50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine undred19nineteen90ni nety10ten20twenty100h注意数字“0”可以读作“zero”,也可以读作字母“o”
2、序数词表示顺序先后1st first11th eIeventh21st twenty-f irst2nd second12th tweIfth22nd twenty-second3rd thi rd13th thi rteenth30th thirti eth4th fourth14th fourteenth40th forti eth5th fifth15thfifteenth50th fiftieth6th si xth16th si xteenth60th sixt i eth7th seventh17th seventeenth70th seventieth8th eighth18th ei ghteenth80th eighti eth9th ni nth19th ni neteenth90th ninetieth10th tenth20thtwent ieth100th hundredth基数词变序数词记忆口诀
一、
二、三,需要记,八去t,九省e,ve结尾时,f来代替,ty结尾时,y变ie,再加th,若是几十几,前基后序别忘记第10讲连词连词,顾名思义,是一种起连接作用的词
1、and“和”,表示并列关系如Therearesome desksand chairsinthe classroom.
2、but“但是,表示转折关系如You canskate well,but Icane t.
3、or“还是,表示选择关系如Wou IdyouIikeagIass ofmi Ikor acup oftea注意在疑问句或否定句中,当表示并列关系时,不用and,而用r如Do youhave any brothers orsistersI donrt haveanybrothersor sisters.
4、than“比”,表示对比关系如Su Hai jumpsfarther thanSu Yang.
5、because“因为”,表示因果关系如I likesummer bestbecause Ican goswimming.
6、so“所以”,表示结果关系如Helen wasiII,so shedidn“t goto schooIyesterday.第11讲动词动词是表示动作或行为的词按其词义和在句子中的作用可以分为连系动词、助动词、情态动词和行为动词
1、be动词am,is,are
①be动词做谓语时,要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。