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语法专项一一复合句【复合句综述】复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构,其中一个主谓结构作另一个的成分(而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系,而不是从属关系)复合句包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子,从句包含名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时,整个句子就成为复合句了
一、如何判断复合句.What hesaid iswrong.(what hesaid,是一个主谓结构,he为主语,said为谓语,what是宾语What hesaid iswrong,是另外一个主谓结构What hesaid作主语,iswrong系表结构作谓语因此,本句是复合句What hesaid是名词性从句作主语)
1.The boywho iswearing shat is my brother.(The boyis my brother.是一个主谓结构who iswearing ahat也是一个主谓结构,作了前一个主谓结构中主语the boy的定语因此本句是复合句
3.1was doingmy homeworkwhen he came in.(I wasdoing myhomework是一个主谓结构,hecamein也是一个主谓结构后面一个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语因此是复合句
1.We oftenstudy Chinesehistory onFriday afternoon.
2.The boywho offeredme his seat is called Tom.
3.There isa chairin thisroom,isnt there
4.My brotherand Igo toschool athalf pastseven in the morningandcome backhome atseven in the evening.
5.He isin ClassOne and I amin ClassTwo.
6.He wasfond ofdrawing whenhe wasyet achild.
7.Neither hashe changedhis mind,nor willhe doso.
8.What hesaid atthe meetingis veryimportant,isnt it
9.The farmeris showingthe boyhow toplant atree.
10.Both Tomand Jackenjoy countrymusic.
11.Right nowit isthe summervacation andIm helpingmy Dadon thefarm.
12.It isthe timeof yearfor therice harvest,so everyday Iwork fromdawnuntil dark.
13.Sometimes we go onworking afterdark bythe lightsof ourtractors.
14.We growrice inthe southof theStates,but inthe northwhere itiscolder theygrow wheatAlthoughthe farmis large,my Dadhas onlytwomen workingfor him.Keys:l.简单句
2.复合句,The boyiscalledTom是一个主谓结构who offeredmehisseat也是一个主谓结构,为定语从句,作前一个主谓结构中主语the boy的定语
3.简单句,反义疑问句.简单句,mybrotherandI是并列主语,后面go toschool和come back为并列谓语,因此也只有一个主谓结构
4.并列句.含有时间状语从句的复合句
5.并列句.复合句,what hesaid也是一个主谓结构,名词性从句作主语
6.简单句,只有一个主谓结构
7.简单句,前面为并列主语
8.and连接的并列句.由so连接的并列句
9.简单句.but连接前后为并列句,但后面又是一个含有定语从句的复合句
10.含有让步状语从句的复合句
4.The boyover thereismybrother(.只有一个主谓结构,是简单句)
5.1wasdoing myhomework atsix.(只有一个主谓结构,是简单句)【小叮咛】一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构,那它就不是简单句了,要么是并列句,要么是复合句是并列句时要有and,s,but,等并列连词或用分号是复合句时也要有连接词总之,只用逗号而不用连接词简单的把两个主谓结构连接到一起的句子是错误的例如误I like English,my Englishis verygood.正I likeEnglish andmy Englishis verygood.正As IlikeEnglish,my Englishis verygood.误I havea house,its windows are very big.正I havea houseand itswindowsare verybig.正I havea house,whose windowsareverybig.
二、主从复合句的时态.在以when,after,as soonas等引导的时间状语从句以及以if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时例如Ill tellher thegood newswhen shecomesback.当她回来的时候,我将把这个好消息告诉她If itdoesnt rain,he willcome hereon time.如果不下雨,他会按时来这儿的
1.在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时,从句须用表示过去的某种时态例如He askedwhen theywould goto theparty.他问他们什么时候将去参加聚会Miss Greensaid she had beento Beijingbefore.格林小姐说她以前曾经去过北京
2.在宾语从句中,当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等时态时,后面从句时态不受主句限制,可根据情况,选用各种适合的时态例如Do youknow whenwell havea footballmatch你知道我们什么时候举行足球赛吗?You knowhe hasgone toShanghai.你知道他已去上海了
3.当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在的习惯动作以及格言等时,其时态不受主句限制,而用一般现在时例如The teachertold us that lighttravels fasterthan sound.老师告诉我们光速比音速要快When Iwas astudent,my teacheroften toldusthattime andtide waitfornman.当我还是学生的时候,老师常常告诉我们,岁月不等人
4.在“since+点时间“句型中,主句通常用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时例如He hasworked atthe factorysince hecame here.自从他来至ij这儿,他就一直在这家工厂上班【小叮咛】在句型“lts+段时间+since+从句”中,since后面的从句要用一一般过去时例如Its along timesince wemet last.自从我们上次见面以来已经有好长时间了
5.在复合句中,如果主、从句表示的动作或状态都发生在过去,而且有先后,则在先的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时例如When hegot there,the trainhad left.当他到那儿的时候,火车已经开了He saidhehadvisited theschool before.他说他以前参观过那所学校
三、it引起的时间句型It+be+时间+since-clause这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间,意为“自从……以来已多久了“,主句多用一般现在时,从句用一般过去时,如果表示过去的情况,主句用一般过去时,从句用过去完成时,或主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时例如It isthree years since hisfather passedaway(.从现在算起)It was10yearssince theymarried.(从过去算起)It hadbeen fifteenyearssinceshe leftShanghai(.从过去算起)30years haspassedsince wejoined theParty.(从现在算起)
1.It+be+时间+before-clause这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如)主句中long years,months,weeks,days,hours,minutes,的谓语动词用肯定式意为过多长时间才主句的谓语动词是否定,”……o式时,意为没过多长时间就o主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be;用was时,before从句的动词用一般过去时;用will be时,before从句常用一般现在时例如It wasnot long before shelearned thosepoems byheart,她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌It waslongbeforethe policearrived,过了很久警察才来It w川be hours before hemakes adecision.要过好几个小时他才会作出决定It willnot behoursbeforemeet again.要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的
2.It+be+时间+when-clause这个句型中,it指时间,而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,主句是w川be,when从句用一般现在时代替将来时例如It wasalready8oclock whenwe gothome.It wasthe nextmorning whenwe finishedour work.It willbe midnightwhen theyget there.
3.It+be+时间+that-clause这个句型是个强调句型例如It wastwo years ago that he madean importantinvention.(原句是He madean importantinvention twoyearsago.)It wasat5oclock thathe practisedplaying theviolin inthe morning.(原句是He practisedplaying theviolin at5oclock inthe morning.)比较It was5oclock whenhe startedinthemorning.(5oclock前没有介词,这是个定语从句)It+be+time+that-clause这个句型属虚拟语气结构,不管主句中用的是is或was,that从句都须用动词的过去式或should+动词原型(但不及用过去式普通),在time之前有时可加上high或about以加强语气例如It istimethatwe handedin ourexercises,=It istime thatwe shouldhandin ourexercises.It ishigh time that shewrote aletter toher boyfriend.
4.It/This/That+the firstsecond,third...time+that-clause这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历,关键是注意time前有序数词,主句是is时,从句要用现在完成时;如果主句用一般过去时was,则从句须相应地用过去完成时例如This isthe firsttime thatthese Europeanshave visitedthe GreatWall.It wasthe fifthtimethat I hadpaid afriendly visitto Africa.
四、It代替从句作形式主语的常见句型l.it代替连词that引导的从句作形式主语1it+be+过去分词+that从句Its saidthat Tomhas comeback fromabroad.据说汤姆已经从国外回来了It wasreported thatdozens ofchildren diedintheaccident.据报导,数十名儿童在事故中死亡可用于该句型的过去分词还有known,thought,told,believed,hoped,announced,expected,decided,suggested等,该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句例如:Its saidthat Tomhas comeback fromabroad.玲People saythat Tomhas comeback fromabroad.玲He issaid tohave comeback fromabroad.2It+be+名词词组+that从句Ifs apity thathe cantswim forhis age.真遗憾,就他的年龄来讲,他竟不会游泳Its awonder thatyou couldfinish such a hardtask insuchashort time.真奇怪,你竟能在如此短的时间内完成艰巨的任务可用于该句型的名词词组还有an honor,a goodthing,a fact,a surprise,good news等3It+be/seem+形容词+that从句It islikely thatthey willbeat ustonight,今晚很可能他们会赢我们It doesntseem thatshe willgive usa hand•她帮我们的可能性似乎不太大可用于此句型的开容词还有;wonderful,true,good,right,wrong,unimportant,useless,surprising,clear,possible,unusual lucky,zcertain等4It+seem/appear/happen+that从句It seemsthatheenjoys popsongsvery much.看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲It appearsthat Tommight changehis mind.看来汤姆会改变主意It happenedthatIwent out that day,碰巧我那天外出了注意,句型4可转换成含不定式的简单句如上述句子可转换为He seemsto enjoypop musicvery much.Tom appearsto changehis mind./I happenedto gooutthatday.
2.it代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语1It isknown notdecided,not madeclear,found out,discussed,beingdiscussed,being considered,a question,uncertain等+连接代词或连接副词引导的从句It isstill aquestion whenwe shallhave oursports meet.我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题It isuncertain whetherhe canattend thisconference ornot.他能否来开会还不能确定2It doesntmatterdoesnt matter too much,doesnt maketoo muchdifference等+连接代词或连接副词引导的从句例如It doesntmatter whetherwegotogether orseparately.我彳门一起去还是分开去都可以It doesntmattertoomuch tome whatyou door whereyou go.你做什么或去什么地方,对我都无关紧要【小试牛刀】判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:。