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年月大学英语六级考试真题(第套)201961Writing30minutesDirections:For thispart you are allowed30minutes towrite anessayParton theimportance ofteamspirit andcommunication in the workplace.You shouldwrite atleast150words butnomorethan200wordspartiiListening Comprehension30minutesSection ADirections:In this section,you willhear twolong conversations.At theend ofeach conversation,youwill hearfour questions.Both theconversation and the questionswill bespoken only once.After youhear a question,you mustchoose thebest answerfrom the four choicesmarked A,B,C andD.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet1with asingle linethrough the centre.Questions1to4are basedon theconversation youhave justheard.
1.AA six-month-long negotiation.B Preparationsfor theparty.
2.ATake weddingphotos.BAdvertise hercompany.C Start a smallbusiness.D Throwa celebrationparty.
3.AHesitant.B Nervous.C Aproject with a troublesomeclient.DGift wrappingfor thecolleagues.C Flattered.DSurprised.they struggleto makeenough moneyonline tocompensate forwhat theyare losingoffline.MA fewseem tobe makingthis work.Among large traditional retailers,Walmart recentlyreportedthe bestresults,leading itsstock priceto surge,while Macy s,Target,and Nordstromsdropped.Yet Walmart*s year-over-year online sales onlygrew7percent,leading itsCEO toI ament哀叹,“Growth hereis tooslow.55Part of the probI emis thatalmost twodecades afterAmazon filedtheone.click patent,the onlineretail shoppingand buyingexperience isfilled withfrictions.A recentstudygraded more than600internet retailerson howeasy itwas forconsumers toshop,buy,andpay.Almost halfof thesites didn*t geta passinggrade andonly18percent gotan Aor B.NThe turmoilon theground inphysical retailis hardto squarewith the Census data.Unfortunately,part of the explanationis that the Censusretail dataare unreliable.Our deep100k intothose dataand their preparationrevealed seriousproblems.It seemslikely thatCensus simplymisclassifiesa largechunk ofonline sales.It iscertain thatthe Censusprocedures,which lumpthe onlinesalesof majortraditional retailerslike Walmartwith“non-store retailerslikefood trucks.can maskmajor changesin individualretail categories.Thebureau couldeasily presenttheir datain moreuseful ways.but theyhave chosennot to.O Despite the turmoil,brick and mortar won*t disappearany timesoon.The bigquestions arewhich,if any,of thelargetraditional retailers willstill beon thescene in a decadeor twobecause theyhavesuccessfully reinventedthemselves,which newplayers willoperate busystores onMainStreets andmaybe evenin shoppingmalls,and howthe shoppingand buyingexperience willhavechanged ineach retailcategory.Investors shouldn*t writeoff brick andmortar.Whether theyshould beton thetraditional playerswho runthose storesnow isanothermatter
37.lnnovative retailersintegrate internettechnologies withconventional retailingto createnew retailmodels.
38.Despite whatthe Census data suggest,the valueof physical retail*s stockshas beendropping
39.Innovative-driven changesin the retail industrydidn*t takeplace asquickly aswidelyanticipated.
40.Statistics indicatethat brick and mortarsales stillmade upthe lion*s share of theretail business.
41.Companies thatsuccessfully combineonline andoffline businessmodels mayprove tobe abigconcern for traditionalretailers.
142.Brick andmortar retailersfaith in their businesswas strengthenedwhen thedot combubbleburst.
43.Despitethetremendous challengesfrom onlineretailing,traditional retailingwill behere tostayfor quitesome time.
44.With therise ofonline commerce,physical retail stores arelikely tosuffer the same fateas itheyellow pages.
45.The wideuse ofsmartphones hasmade itmore complexfortraditionalretailers toreinvent theirbusiness.Section CDirections:There are2passages inthissection.Each passageis followedby somequestionsorunfinished statements.For eachof themthere arefour choicesmarked A,B,Cand D.You shoulddecideon thebest choiceand markthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet2with asingle linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are basedon thefollowing passage.Professor Stephen Hawking haswarned thatthe creation of powerfulartifcial intelligenceAlwill beeither thebest,or theworst thing,ever tohappen tohuman让y”,and praisedthe creationofan academicinstitute dedicatedto researchingthe future of intelligenceas“crucial to the futureof,our civilisation and ourspecies,Hawking wasspeaking atthe openingof theLeverhulme Centre for theFuture oflntelligenceLCFIatCambridge University,a multi-disciplinary institutethat w川attempt totackleHsome ofthe open-ended questionsraised by the rapidpace ofdevelopment in Al research.Wespend agreat dealof timestudying history,Hawking saidjwhich,lets faceit,is mostlythe history ofstupidity.So it*s awelcome changethat peopleare studyinginstead the futureofintelligence.While the world-renowned physicisthas oftenbeen cautious about Al,raising concernsthathumanity could be thearchitect ofits own destruction ifit creates a super-intelligence with a willof itsown,he was also quickto highlightthe positivesthat Al research canbring/The potentialbenefits ofcreatingintelligence arehuge,“he saidJWecannot predictwhat wemight achievewhen ourownminds areamplified byAL Perhapswith thetools ofthis newtechnological revolution,we will be abletoundo someofthe damage doneto thenatural worldby thelast one—industrialisation.And surelywewill aimto finallyeradicate diseaseand poverty.And everyaspect ofour livesw川betransformed.In short,success increating Alcouldbethe biggestevent5in thehistoryofour civilisation/Huw Price,the centresacademic director andtheBertrand Russellprofessor ofphilosophy atCambridgeUniversity,where Hawkingis alsoan academic,said thatthe centrecame aboutpartiallyas aresult ofthe universitysCentreforExistential Risk.That instituteexamined awider rangeofpotential problemsfor humanity,while theLCFI has a narrowfocus.Al pioneerMargaret Boden,professor ofcognitive scienceattheUniversity ofSussex,praisedthe progress of suchdiscussions.As recentlyas2009,she said,the topicwasnt takenseriously,ueven amongAl researchers.AI ishugely exciting,she said,“but ithas limitations,which presentgravedangers givenuncritical use.”The academic community is not alonein warningabout thepotential dangersof Alas well as thepotentialbenefits.A number of pioneersfrom the technology industry,most famouslytheentrepreneur ElonMusk,have alsoexpressed theirconcerns about thedamagethat asuper-intelligent Alcould doto humanity.
46.What didStephenHawkingthink of artificial intelligenceAIt would be vitalto theprogress of human civilisation.B Itmight bea blessingoradisaster in the making.C Itmight presentchallenges as wellasopportunities.D It wouldbea significantexpansion ofhuman intelligence.
47.What did Hawking say about thecreationofthe LCFIAItwouldaccelerate theprogressofAlresearch.B Itwould marka stepforward in the Alindustry.C It was extremelyimportant to the destinyof humankind.D Itwas anachievement ofmulti-disciplinary collaboration.
48.What didHawking saywasawelcome changeinAlresearchA Theshift ofresearch focusfrom thepast to the future.B Theshift ofresearch from theory toimplementation.C Thegreater emphasison thenegative impactof ALDThe increasingawareness ofmankinds paststupidity.
49.What concernsdidHawkingraise about AlA Itmay exceedhuman intelligencesooner orlater.Blt mayultimately over-amplify thehuman mind.C Super-intelligence maycause itsowndestruction.DSuper-intelligence mayeventually ruinmankind.
50.What dowe learnabout someentrepreneurs from thetechnologyindustryAThey aremuch influencedbytheacademiccommunity.BThey aremost likelyto benefitfrom Aldevelopment.C Theyshare thesame concernsaboutAlas academics.DThey believethey cankeep Alunder humancontrol.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are basedon thefollowing passage.The marketfor productsdesigned specificallyfor olderadults couldreach$30billion bynextyear,and startups初仓lj公司want inon theaction.What theysometimes lackis feedbackfromthepeoplewho theyhope willuse theirproducts.So Brookdale,the country*s largestowner ofretirementcommunities,has beeninviting a few selectentrepreneurs justto movein for afewdays,show offtheirproducts andhear whatthe residentshave tosay.That*s whatbrought DayleRodriguez,28,all theway fromEngland to the dining room ofBrookdaleSouth Bayin Torrance,California.Rodriguez is the communityand marketingmanagerfor acompany calledSentab.The startup*s product,SentabTV,enables olderadults whomay notbecomfortable withcomputers to access email,video chatand socialmedia usingjust theirtelevisionsand aremote control.If snothing new,its nothingtoo complicatedand itsnatural becauselots ofpeople haveTV;1remotes saysRodriguez.But none of thatisthetopic ofconversation in the Brookdalediningroom.Instead,Rodriguezsolicits residents*advice on what heshould geton hischeeseburger andhow heshould spendtheafternoon.Playing cardswas on the agenda,as wellas learningto play mahjong(麻将).Rodriguez saysits importantthat residentshere don*t feellike hesselling them something.1ve hadmore feedbackin apassive approach,he says.Tlaying pool,playing cards,havingudinner,having lunchJ allwork betterthan goingthrough asurvey ofquestions.When they get toknowme andto trustme,knowing forsure Imnot sellingthemsomething-there IIbe morehonestfeedback fromthem.^^Rodriguez isjust theseventh entrepreneurto moveinto oneof Brookdales1,100senior livingcommunities.Other newproducts in the programhave includeda kindof full-body blowdryer andspeciallydesigned clothingthat allowspeople withdisabilities todress andundress themselves.Mary LouBusch,93,agreed totry theSentab system.She tellsRodriguez thatit mightbe goodforsomeone,but notfor her.Hl havethe computerand FaceTime,which Italk withmy familyon Jshe explains.She alsohasuaniPad anda smartphone.So Ido prettymuch everythingI need to do.”To befair,if Rodriguez hadwanted feedbackfrom somemore technophobic害怕技术的seniors,hemight haveended upinthewrong Brookdalecommunity.This oneis locatedintheheart ofSouthernCalifornias aerospacecorridor.Many residentshave backgroundsin engineering,business andacademiccircles.But Rodriguez says hesstill learningsomething importantby movinginto thisBrookdalecommunity:Teople aremore tech-proficient thanwe thought.”And besides,where elsewould helearn toplaymahjong
51.What doesthe passagesayaboutthe startupsATheynever losetime inupgrading productsfor seniors.1B Theywant tohave ashareofthe seniorsgoods market.C Theyinvite seniors to theircompanies totry theirproducts.DThey tryto profitfrom promotingdigital productsto seniors.
52.Some entrepreneurshave beeninvited toBrookdale toAhave aninterview withpotential customersBconduct asurvey ofretirement communitiesCcollect residentsfeedback on their productsDshow seniorresidents howto useIT products.What dowe knowabout SentabTVAIt is a TVprogram cateringto theinterest ofthe elderly.B It is adigital TVwhich enjoyspopularity amongseniors.C Itis aTV speciallydesigned forseniorstoview programs.Dlt isa communicationsystem viaTV insteadof acomputer.
53.What doesRodriguezsayis importantin promotingproductsAWinning trustfrom prospectivecustomers.B Knowingthe likesand dislikesof customers.C Demonstratingtheir superiorityon thespot.D Respondingpromptly tocustomer feedback.
54.What dowe learnabouttheseniors inthe BrookdalecommunityAMost ofthem are interested inusing theSentab.B Theyare quiteat easewith high-tech products.C Theyhave muchin commonwith seniorselsewhere.DMost ofthem enjoya longerlife thanaverage people.Part IVTranslation30minutesDirections:For thispart youare allowed30minutes totranslate a passage fromChinese intoEnglish.You shouldwrite youranswer onAnswer Sheet
2.中国幅员辽阔,人口众多,很多地方人们都说自己的方言方言在发音上差别很大,词汇和语法差别较小有些方言,特别是北方和南方的方言,差异彳艮大,以致于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分,但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少为了鼓励人们更多说本地语言,一些地方政府已经采取措施,如在学校开设方言课,在广播和电视上播放方言节目,以期保存本地的
4.AStart herown bakery.B Improveher bakingskill.C Shareher cookingexperience.D Preparefood forthe wedding.Questions5to8are basedon theconversation youhave justheard.
5.AThey have to spendmore timestudying.B Theyhave toparticipate inclub activities.C Theyhave tobe moreresponsible forwhat theydo.D Theyhavetochoose aspecific academicdiscipline.
6.AGet readyforacareer.B Makea lotof friends.C Seta long-term goal.D Behavelike adults.
7.A Those who shareher academicinterests.8Those whorespect herstudent commitments.9Those whocan helpher whenshe isin need.10Thosewhogo tothesameclubs asshe does.
8.AThose helpfulfor tappingtheir potential.BThose conduciveto improvingtheir socialskills.CThose helpfulfor cultivatingindividual interests.DThose conduciveto theiracademic studies.川Section BDirections:ln thissection,you whear twopassages.At theend ofeach passage,you willhear threeor fourquestions.Both the passage andthe questionswillbespoken onlyonce.After youhear aquestion,you mustchoose thebestanswer fromthefourchoices markedA,B,Cand D.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet1with asingle linethrough thecentre.Questions9to11are basedon thepassage youhave justheard.
9.AThey breakaway fromtraditional waysof thinking.BThey areprepared towork harderthan anyoneelse.C Theyare goodat refiningold formulas.DThey bringtheir potentialinto fullplay.
10.AThey contributedtothepopularity of skiing worldwide.B Theyresulted ina brandnewstyle ofskiing techniques.C Theypromoted thescientific useofskiingpoles.DThey madeexplosive newsinthesports world.
11.AHe wasrecognized asa geniusintheworld ofsports.BHe competedin allmajor skiingevents intheworld.CHe wonthree goldmedals inone WinterOlympics.DHe brokethree worldskiing recordsin threeyears.Questions12to15are basedon thepassage youhave justheard.
12.AThey appearrestless.BThey loseconsciousness.C Theybecome upsetD They diealmost instantly.
13.Alt has an instanteffect on your bodychemistry.Blt keepsreturning toyou everynow andthen.Clt leavesyou with a long-lasting impression.Dlt contributestotheshaping ofyou mind.
14.ATo succeedwhile feelingirritated.BTo feelhappy withoutgood health.C Tobe freefrom frustrationand failure.D Toenjoy good health whilein darkmoods.
15.AThey areclosely connected.BThey functioninasimilar way.C Theyare toocomplex tounderstand.D Theyreinforce each other constantly.Section CDirections:In thissection,you willhear threerecordings oflectures ortalks followedby threeor fourquestions.The川recordings wbe playedonlyonce.After youhearaquestion,you mustchoose thebest answerfromthefour choicesmarkedA,B,C andD.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet1withasingle linethroughthecentre.Questions16to18are basedon therecording youhave justheard.
16.AThey differin theirappreciation ofmusic.B Theyfocus theirattention ondifferent things.C Theyfinger thepiano keysin differentways.D Theychoose differentpieces ofmusic toplay.
17.AThey manageto cooperatewell withtheir teammates.BThey useeffective tacticsto defeattheir competitors.C Theytry hardto meetthe spectatorsexpectations.DTheyattach greatimportance tohigh performance.
18.Alt marksa breakthroughin behavioralscience.B Itadopts aconventional approachto research.C Itsupports apiece ofconventional wisdom.D Itgives riseto controversyamong experts.Questions19to21are basedontherecording youhave justheard.f
19.APeoples envyof slimmodels.BPeople scraze forgoodhealth.C Theincreasing rangeof fancyproducts.DThe greatvariety ofslimming products.CThey lookcharming.DThey lookunhealthy.
20.AThey appearvigorous.B Theyappear strange.
21.ACulture andupbringing.B Wealthand socialstatus.D Mediainfluence.CPeer pressureQuestions22to25are basedontherecording youhave justheard.
22.AThe relationbetween hairand skin.B Thegrowing interestin skinstudies.CThe colorofhumanskin.CTheir skincoloringD Theneed ofskinprotection.
23.AThe necessityto saveenergy.B AdaptationtothehotenvironmentDDramatic climateCTheneedtobreathe withease.changes onearth.B Man-made shelter.
24.ALeaves andgrass.D Hairon theirskin.
25.ATheir geneticmakeup began to change.BTheir communitiesbegan togrow steadily.CTheir childrenbegan tomix witheachother.DTheir paceof evolutionbegantoquicken.Part mReadingComprehension40minutesSection ADirections:In thissection,there isapassage with tenblanks.You arerequired toselect oneword foreachblank froma listof choicesgiven ina wordbank followingthepassage.Read thepassage throughcarefullybefore makingyour choices.Each choiceinthebank isidentified by a letter.Please markthe correspondingletterfor eachitem onAnswer Sheet2withasingle linethroughthecentre.You maynot useany ofthe wordsin thebankmorethanonce.Pasta isno longeroff themenu,after a new reviewof studiessuggested thatthe carbohydratecanform partof ahealthy diet,and evenhelp peoplelose weight.For years,nutritionists haverecommendedthat pastabe kepttoa26,to cutcalories,prevent fatbuild-up andstop bloodsugar27up.The low-carbohydrate foodmovement gavebirth tosuch dietsas theAtkins,Paleo andKeto,whichadvised swappingfoods likebread,pasta andpotatoes for vegetables,fish andmeat.More recentlythe trendofswapping spaghettiforvegetableshas been28by clean-eating experts.But nowa29review andanalysis of30studies byCanadian researchersfound thatnot onlydoes pastanotcause weightgain,but threemeals aweek canhelp peopledrop morethan half a kilogramover fourmonths.The reviewersfound thatpasta had been unfairlydemonized妖魔化because ithadbeen30in withother,more fat-promoting carbohydrates.“The studyfound thatpasta didn*t31to weightgain orincrease inbody fat,“said leadauthor DrJohnSievenpiper/ln32the evidence,we cannow saywith someconfidence thatpastadoes nothave an33effect onbodyweigh outcomeswhen it is consumedas partof ahealthydietary pattern.1In fact,analysis actuallyshowed asmall weighloss.So34toconcerns,perhaps pastacanbe partof ahealthy dietThoseinvolved inthe35trials onaverage ate
3.3servings ofpasta aweek insteadof othercarbohydrates,A adverseI minimumBchampioned JradiatingC clinicalK rationDcontrary LshootingEcontribute MsubscribeF intimateN systematicGlumped Oweighingone servingequaling around halfacup.They lostaroundhalfa kilogramover anaveragefollow-up of12weeks.II magnifiedDirections:In thissection,youaregoing toread apassagewithten statementsSectionBattached toit.Each statementcontains informationgiven inoneofthe paragraphs.Identifythe paragraphfrom whichthe informationis derived.You maychoose aparagraph morethanonce.Each paragraphis markedwithaletter.Answer thequestions bymarking thecorrespondingletter onAnswerSheet
2.The BestRetailers CombineBricks andClicksA RetaiI profitsare fallingsharply.Stores areclosing.Malls areemptying.The depressingstories1just keepcoming.Reading theearnings announcementsof largeretailstoreslike Macys,Nordstorm,and Targetis aboutas upliftingasatour ofan intensivecare unit.The interactisapparently takingdown yetanother industry.Brick andmortar stores实体店seem tobe goingthe wayofthe yellowpages.Sure enough,the CensusBureau justreleased datashowing thatonline retailsalessurged
15.2percent betweenthe first quarter of2015andthefirst quarterof
2016.BBut beforeyou dumpall ofyour retailstocks,there aremore factsyou shouldconsider.LookingHonly atthat
15.2percent surgewouldbe misleading.Itwasan increasethat wasonasmall baseof
6.9percent.Even whena tinynumber growsbyalarge percentageterms,itisoften stilltiny.C Morethan20years afterthe internetwas openedto commerce,theCensusBureau tellsus thatbrickandmortarsales accountedfor
92.3percent ofretail salesinthefirstquarterof
2016.Theirdata showthat only
0.8percent ofretail salesshifted fromoffline toonline betweenthe beginningof2015and
2016.DSo,despite al I thetalk aboutdrone无人机del iveriesto yourdoorstep,alItheretaiI executivesexpressinganxiety overconsumers goingonline,and evena Presidentialcandidate exclaimingH;1that Amazonhasahuge antitrustproblem theCensusdatasuggest thatphysicalretailisthriving.Of course,the closedstores,depressed executives,and sinkingstocks suggestotherwise.Whats thereal storyEManyfirms operatingbrickandmortar storesareintrouble.The retailindustry isgettingreinvented,aswedescribe inour newbook.Matchmakers.If sstanding inthe pathof whatSchumpetercal leda gaIeofcreative destruction.That stormhas beenbrewing forsome time,and asithas reachedgale force,most large retailers aresearching fora response.As theCFO ofMacysputu,,it recently,We refrankly scratchingour heads.But itsnot happening asexperts predicted.In thepeakofthedot.com bubble,brickandmortar retailwas oneof thoseindustries the internet wasgoingto Mil-and quickly.The dot.corn bustdiscredited mostpredictions ofthat sortand inthe yearsthatfollowed,conventional retailers*confidence inthefutureincreased asCensus continuedtoreport weakonlinesales.And thenthe galehit.F Itis becomingincreasingly clearthat retailreinvention isn*tasimple battletothedeath betweenbricksand clicks.Itisabout devisingretail modelsthat workfor peoplewho aremaking increasinguseofagrowing arrayof internet-connected toolsto changehow theysearch,shop,and buy.Creative retailersare usingthe newtechnologies toinnovate just about everythingstores dofrommanaging inventory,to marketing,to gettingpaid.G Morethan dronesdropping anew supplyof underwearonyourdoorstep,Apples massivelysuccessfulbrick-and-mortar-and-glass retailstores andAmazons smallsteps inthe samedirectionare whatshould keepold-fashioned retailersawake atnight.Not tomention thelargenumberofcreative newretailers,like Bonobos,that areblending online and offlineexperiencesin creativeways.H Retailreinvention isnot asimple process,and it*s alsonothappeningonwhatused tobe calledInternetTime.Some internet-driven changeshave happenedquickly,of course.Craigslistquickly overtooknewspaper classifiedads andturned newspapereconomics upsidedown.Butmany widelyanticipated changeswerent quick,and somehavent reallystarted.With thebenefit ofhindsight信见之明,it looksI ikethe interactwi11transform theeconomy atsomething likethe paceofother greatinventions likeelectricity.B2B commerce,for example,didn*t movemainly onlineby12005as manyhad predictedin2000,nor evenby2016,but thatdoesnt meanit won1do sooverthe nextfew decades.I Butthe galeis stillblowing.The suddendecline infoot trafficin recentyears,even thoughit hasntbeenaccompanied bya massivedecline inphysical sales,isacritical warning.People canshopmore efficientlyonlineandtherefore don*t needto goto asmany storesto findwhat theywant.There*sasurplus ofphysical shoppingspace forthe crowds,which isone reasonwhy storesaredownsizing andclosing.J Therise ofthe mobilephone hasrecently addedanewlevel ofcomplexity tothe processof retailreinvention.Even fiveyears agomost peoplefaced achoice.Sit atyour computer,probably athomeor atthe office,search andbrowse,and buy.Or headout tothe mall,or MainStreet,look andshop,and buy.Now,justabouteveryone hasa smartphone,connected totheinternetalmosteverywhere almostall thetime.Even whena retailergets acustomer towalk inthe store,she caneasilysee ifthere*sabetter dealonline orat anotherstore nearby.LSo far,the mainthing manylargeretailershave donein responseto allthis isto openonline stores,so peoplewill cometo themdirectly ratherthan toAmazon andits smalleronlinerivals.Many arehaving thesame problemthat newspapershave.Even iftheygetonline traffic,。