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UNIT1SCIENCE ANDSCIENTISTSSectionI ReadingandThinking课后•训练提升一单词拼写l.Most peopleare fin themselves.答案:frustratedf twostatements arec,that isto say,theyare differentand cantboth betrue.答案:contradictory.The hwas stillasleep atsix in the morning.答案:household
3.A manwho hasm interestsusually haslots offriends.答案:multiple.A clerkmustknow howto hdifficult customers.答案:handle
4.The numberof trafficaccidents nowhas d.答案:decreased.The policesuspect theremay be a1between thetwo cases.答案Jink
5.Were facedwith as situationwhere wehave to give upwhat wereeager formost.答案:severe
二、完成句子
1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假We haven\t decidedfor oursummer holiday.答案:where togo.他似乎对他的老师说了谎he tolda lieto histeacher.答案:It seemedthat.放学后我要去修自行车haveril afterschool.答案:have mybike repaired.通常,公共汽车上太拥挤,我找不到坐的地方Usually,its crowdedon thebus Icant findanywhere tosit.答案:so;that
5.多亏了这场大雨,否则庄稼就会死了,otherwise,the cropswill die.答案:Thanks tothe heavyrain
三、阅读理解Governors,lawyers andbusiness leadershave to deal with scientists,and everyeducated person findshis viewsaffected byscience.Yet ourscience teaching ofnonscientists,in schooland college,has builtup mistakenideas,dislikes,and thecommonboast;】never didunderstand science.Even thosestudents whoarrive atcollege withplansto becomescientists usuallybring amistaken pictureof science:some have acollection ofunorganised facts about science,and someregard thestudy ofscience asagame whichincludes gettingthe rightanswer.The firstof theseattitudes seemsto comefrom akind ofcourse whichprovidesvarious kindsof information.The second,from atraining courseon howto passexaminationsthat donot askabout thestudents understandingbut simplyrequire himtoput thenumbers inthe rightformulas公式.Neither typeof coursesin schoolor collegeseemstogivestudents an understanding ofscience aswe findit amongscientists.Neithershows studentshow realscientists work and think,how the facts aregathered,howdiscoveries aremade,and what they mean.Young peopleneed goodteachingofscience,notso mucha greatwealth of knowledge asa healthyunderstanding ofthe natureofscience.They needanunderstandingofknowledgeleading tosympathy withscience andaneagerness ofthe wayscientists work.Given thesejtis easyto encouragelater readingandlearning.l.One ofthe reasonsthat cancause mistakenideas ofscience isdue to.A.a mistakenpicturein students9mindB.the unscientificway ofteaching scienceC.the factthat studentsfail tosee theinfluence ofscienceD.thefactthat students haveacollectionof unrelatedfactsaboutscience答案:B解析:细节理解题根据第一段可知造成错误的科学观念的原因之一是不科学的科学教学方法故选B项
2.According tothe passage,we cansafely saythat thesubject ofthe passageis.A.need forgood scienceteachingB.every person,including governors,lawyers andbusiness leaders shouldstudy scienceC.young peopleshould form a correct attitude to scienceD.students mustknow whatscience is andhow scientistsworkandthink答案:A解析:主旨大意题根据第一段第二句和第二段最后三句可知这篇文章的主题是需要好的科学教学故选A项
3.A goodcourse ofscienceis.A.to teachstudents todo thingsaccording toformulasB.to providestudents withall kindsofinformationC.to helpstudentshavea goodunderstanding andformacorrectattitudetoscienceD.toencourage studentsto havea goodcommand ofknowledge答案:c解析:推理判断题根据第二段前两句可知良好的科学教学应该是帮助学生对科学有良好的认识和形成正确的态度故选C项
4.People suchas governors,lawyers andbusinessleadersdeal withscientistsmainlybecause.A.they can be affected by scientistsB.scientists makediscoveries andapply themto helppeoplelive amore comfortable,stable andsafe lifeC.they owemuch toscientists contributionsD.scientists aregreat persons答案:A解析:推理判断题根据第一段中的Governors,lawyers andbusinessleaders havetodealwithscientists,and everyeducatedpersonfinds hisviewsaffectedbyscience.”可知选A项BHow doesan ecosystem(生态系统)workWhat makesthe populations of differentspeciesthe waythey areWhyare thereso manyflies andso fewwolvesTo findananswer,scientists havebuilt mathematical models of food webs,noting whoeats whomandhow mucheach oneeats.With suchmodels,scientists havefound outsome keyprinciples operatingin foodwebs.Most food webs,for instance,consist ofmany weaklinks ratherthan afew strongones.When a predator(掠食动物)always eatshuge numbersof asingle prey(猎物),thetwo speciesare stronglylinked;when apredator liveson variousspecies,they areweaklylinked.Food websmay bedominated bymany weaklinks becausethat arrangementismore stableover thelong term.If apredator caneat severalspecies,it cansurvive theextinction(灭绝)of oneof them.And ifapredatorcan moveon toanother speciesthat iseasierto findwhen aprey speciesbecomes rare,the switchallows theoriginal preytorecover.The weaklinks maythus keepspecies fromdriving oneanother toextinction.Mathematical modelshave alsorevealed thatfood websmaybeunstable,where smallchangesof top predators canlead tobig effectsthroughout entire ecosystems.In the1960s,scientists proposedthat predatorsatthetop ofa foodweb hada surprisingamount ofcontrolover thesize ofpopulationsof other species-including species they didnot directlyattack.And unplannedhuman activitieshave provedthe ideaof top-down controlby toppredatorsto betrue.In theocean,we fishedfor toppredators suchas codon anindustrialscale,while onland,we killedoff largepredators suchas wolves.These actionshave greatlyaffectedthe ecologicalbalance.Scientists havebuilt anearly-warning systembased onmathematicalmodels.Ideally,the systemwould tellus whento adapthuman activitiesthat arepushing anecosystemtowards abreakdown orwould evenallow usto pullan ecosystemback fromtheborderline.Prevention iskey,scientists say,because onceecosystems passtheir tippingpoint(临界点),it isremarkably difficultfor themto return.
5.What havescientists discoveredwith thehelp ofmathematicalmodelsoffood websA.The livinghabits ofspecies infood webs.B.The rulesgoverning foodwebs ofthe ecosystems.C.The approachesto studyingthe speciesintheecosystems.D.The differencesbetween weakand strong links infoodwebs.答案:B解析:细节理解题根据文章第二段中的“scientists havefound out...infood webs.”得知科学家们发现了食物网运行的关键法则,即B项
6.A stronglink isfound betweentwo specieswhen apredator.A.has awide foodchoiceB.can easilyfind newpreyC.sticks toone preyspeciesD.can quicklymove toanother place答案:c解析:细节理解题根据第二段中的“When apredator...are stronglylinked…”得出结论只吃一种猎物是“stronglink”故选C项
7.What willhappen ifthe populationsof toppredators ina foodweb greatlydeclineA.The preyspeciestheydirectly attack will dieout.
8.The speciesthey indirectlyattackwillturn intotoppredators.C.The livingenvironment ofother species will remainunchanged.D.The populationsofotherspecieswillexperience unexpectedchanges.答案:D解析:推理判断题根据第三段中的Mathematical models...entireecosystems.”可知“食物链顶端掠食动物的变化可能会给整个生态系统带来大的影响:故选D项
9.What conclusioncanbedrawn fromthe examplesin paragraph4A.Uncontrolled humanactivities greatlyupset ecosystems.10Rapid economicdevelopment threatensanimal habitats.C.Species ofcommercial valuedominate otherspecies.D.Industrial activitieshelp keepfoodwebsstable.生案・A解析:推理判断题根据文章第四段的例子以及本段的最后一句话可知“人类的这些行为极大地影响了生态的平衡故选项”A。