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Unit1Wise menin history1
一、★必记单词golden adj.金的;金色的agreement n.同意;应允doubt v.不能肯定;对没把握truth n.真相;实情solve v.解决;处理bowl n.碗;盆meta In.金属prison n.监狱;牢狱一co、rr★ec必t记ad单j.词准确无误的;正确的golden adj.金的;金色的agreement n.01ymp ics n.[p/.]奥运会同意;应允doubt v.不能肯定;对没pot n.罐把握real adj.真的;正宗的truth n.真相;实情solve v.解决;seem v.好像;似乎处理bowl n.碗;盆meta In.金属fill v.装满;注满prison n.监狱;牢狱brave adj.勇敢的;无畏的certain adj.确定的;肯定的hit v.(hit,hit)(用手或器具)击;打第一课基础知识点correct adj.准确无误的;正确的mistake n.错误less det.(与不可数名词连用)较少的;更少的
二、★常考短语i nanc ient Greece在古希腊bemfaikeI sIu…rewi确th保…;用设把法装保满证th i nk about=cons ider考虑;思bboethf…ianId…led…w…it和h=,b…e・f•u都l Iof充满;装考run over溢出满go straightto直奔,直接去”each other互相;彼此ask sbfor sth向某人要某物send sbto prone…the other…一个…另一个•・,teli son把某人关进监狱I the truth说实话happy with对某人或事物满意的=be pleased/satisfied withmake sure确保;设法保证someth i ng e I se别的东西both…and………和,…・•都pay attentionto to为介词not…any longer=no longersendsth tosb-二send把某物寄/送给某人be made of+看得见的原材料由制成cut up切割开;切碎be made from+看不见的原材料由制成takeoff领走;带走;使离开be madeby+sb.被某人制成at thebeginningof在的开头
三、常用句型,as onecan尽可能,相当于asas possi bI e••sb.in/on+the+身体部位,打某人的某个部位(身体部位较硬或凸起,用on;部位较软或下凹,用in)of the+adj最高级+可数名词复数最的之一例He usedn1t smoke,used heHe didn t useto smoke,did he12)当陈述部分是had better,疑问部分应用had/hadn t;若陈述部分为would Iike…和would rather--,附加疑问部分应用wouIdnt例You dbetter takea bus to gothere,hadn5t youYoud Iike sometea,wouIdn5t you13)当陈述部分是感叹句,附加疑问部分则用否定式,且主语和感叹句主语要一致.例What a IoveIy day,isn ti tWhata goodman,isn t he14)有关have
①当陈述部分的谓语是have/has表示“有”时,附加疑问部分既可用have/has的相应形式,也可用do/does的相应形式.例She hastwo si ster,hasn1t/doesn1t she
②当陈述部分的谓语has/has表示经历、遭受、得到、吃等其他含义时,疑问部分只用do/does的适当形式.1列He oftenhas breakfastat seven,doesn1the
③当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to/had to时,疑问部分通常用do/does的不同形式.例:She hasto stayat hometo Iookafter herbaby,doesn,t she15)当陈述部分的谓语动词含有can,may,shal I,wi I I would,ought,be,do等助动词时,疑问部分用相同的助动词.例You canbe thereby10o c I ock,can,t youYouought tofol lowher advice,oughtn,t/shouIdn5t you16)must的反义疑问句陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定A.must表示“应该”,其疑问部分用mustnt(不应该),如You mustwork hardnext term,mustnt you下学期你应该努力学习,对吗B.must表示“必须”,其疑问部分用neednt(不必),如They mustfinish thev/ork today,needn t they他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗C.陈述部分含情态动词mustnt,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用must或may,如You mustn5t stopyour carhere,must you(may you)你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗D.must表示推测,其疑问部分必须与must后面的主要动词相呼应如
①对现在动作或存在的情况的推测You mustknow theanswer tothe exercise,dont you你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是That mustbe yourbed,isnt it那一定是你的床,是吗
②对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时疑问部分中的动词就用现在完成时(haven t/hasn t+主语)You musthave to I dher about it,haven5t you你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗17)当陈述部分为I wish...时,疑问部分则用may II wish togo toHefei tosee youone day,may I Iwishto useyour pen,may I18)当陈述部分含有状语从句时,附加疑问部分的主语、谓语应与主句的主、谓语一致.WhenI gotto school,thecI asseshad a I readybegun,hadn,t theyWhenthe teacherspeaks,we have to keepqu iet,don twe总结
1.在反意疑问句,前面的陈述句如果是的,反意疑问句就要用形式;前面的陈述句如果是的,反意疑问句就要用形式;
2.对于反意疑问句的回答,如果问句的前部分是窗定的,那么回答中的yes,和no的意思就和汉语曲可;如果问句的前部分是否定的,那么回答中的yes,和no的意思就和汉语根反二.句子类型英语中句子类型可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四种陈述句说明一个事实或者陈述说话人的看法陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句疑问句
①一般疑问句以连系动词be、情态动词或助动词开头,通常用Yes或no进行回答
②特殊疑问句特殊疑问句以疑问词(组)who,what,which,how,how long等开头,不能用yes或no回答
③选择疑问句提出两个(或多个)选项,两(多个)部分之间由r连接
④反意疑问句提出疑问或看法,询问对方是否赞同祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词为动词原形否定句多在句首加don t.注意祈使句主语通常省略,但如果特别强调对方或表达某种情绪时可以有主语或加称呼感叹句表示喜怒哀乐等情绪引导的感叹句
(1)what a/an+单数可数名词what apity!
(2)what a/an+adj+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)what abeaut ifuIpark it is!
(3)what+adj+不可数名词/复数可数名词(+主语+谓语)what goodnews it is!引导的感叹句How+ad j/adv(+主语+谓语+其他)how we I Ishe dances!to do sth.试图做某事,尽力做某事i s be I ieved that
6.be nota I I owedto do sth不被允许做某事to do sth让/使做某事to do sth开始做某事
四、辨析
1.辨析w i n与beatWin及物动词宾语表示比赛、奖品、战争、荣誉等名He won the argument.won,w词on不及物动词意为“获胜”Who wonhewon.Beat be及物动词意为“击败”宾语为比赛或竞争对象Ch i na beat the Uni tedat,beat Statesby twoto one.en不及物动词意为“(风雨)等拍打;(心脏)跳动”I feltmy heartbeat i ngfaster.eIse副词用于不定代词anything,something,nothing等、疑问词what,who,where后other形容词或代词做形容词时,放在名词前作定语;作代词时,常与定冠词the连用,构成one…the other,表不(两者中)个另外个I havetwo pens,one i s red,and theother i s bIue.
3.辨析d i scover与i nvent这两个词都用作及物动词,都指人们首先见到新鲜事物,但含义不同d i scover发现指发现或偶然发现原本存在的,但一直未被认识或不为人知的东西i nvent发明指创造发明出新的、原来并不存在的东西Recent Iy theyd i scovered goI d.最近他们发现了黄金Ed i son i nvented theeIectr icIi ghtbu Ib.爱迪生发明了电灯泡4辨析:at first与first ofa11At first I didnt want togo,but Isoon changedmy mind.起初我不想去,可是不久我改变了主意相当于atthebeginning,与后来发生的事相对照,其反义词组为at lastatfi rst起初;当初(最后,终于)f i rst of相当于first,表示顺序,是时间上或一系列行动的开始,后面往往接next,首先,第一all then等Fi rstof all,open thewindows,then turnoff thegas,and ifnecessary,caI Ian ambuIance.首先,打开窗子,然后关掉煤气,如果需要,叫一辆救护车
5.辨析however与but二者都有“然而,但是”的意思,其区别如下however然而;比较正式,可以放在分句之首、之中或之尾;其前面或后面要用逗号隔开,如不过在句中,具前后都要加逗号but但是转折的意味比however要强,从语序上看,but总是置于引出的分句之首Its raininghard,however,theyre stillworking inthe field.雨下得很大,然而他们仍然在地里干活Id Iike togo swimmingwith you,but I havetotidy thegarden now.我很想和你一起去游泳,但是我现在必须整理花园
6.辨析real与truerea强调客观存在,并非想象的或虚构的,即某物外Chr i stmas Father isnt area1person.圣1表与实质之间有一致性诞老人不是真实的人物强调事实与实际情况相符,并非杜撰、捏造的,1s ittrue that he isdead他死了,是真的tru e符合一定标准、一定模式吗be madeof看得出原材料The tab1e i s madeof wood.这张桌子是由木头做成的be madefrom看不出原材料The winei smadefromgrain.这酒是用粮食酿造的【中考链接】•Books aremade paperwhile paperismainly madewood.A.of;of B.from;from
0.of;fromD.from;of
8.辨析notany longer/no longer与not…any more/nomorenotany longer/no Ionger:多指时间上不再延续,与之搭配的词多为延续性动词not…any more/no more侧重程度或在数量上不再增加I don twant to stayhere any more.The poorboy won5t comeanymore,/the poorboy wi I Ino morecome.
9.辨析see sb doing sth与see sbdo sthsee sbdoing sth看到某人正在做某事1saw hercross theroad.(穿过了马路)seesbdo sth看到某人做了某事,指看到动作发1saw hercross i ng theroad(正在过生的全过程或看到动作经常发生马路)与此相同的词(组):watch,hear,notice,observe,look at,I istento
10.辨析the next day与next daythenext day第二天,常与一般过去式连用The nextday,a I I thebooks weresold out.nextday明天,常与一般将来时连用Next day,I wiI I goshopping with him.
11.辨析dress,wear,put on,have on与indress给(某人)穿衣服表动作后接sb./oneseIf作宾语she dressedhimself quickly.wear穿着表状态后接衣服、首饰、鞋帽等名词we wearuniforms atschool.put on穿上表动作后接衣服,鞋帽等名词please puton yourhat.have on穿着表状态接衣服类名词,宾语是代词时,放中间,不用进行时Ihaveon apairof jeanstoday.in穿着表状态后接表颜色或衣服的名词he salways ingreen shoes.
12.辨析used to dosth,be used to dosth,与be used to doingsthUsed to dosth.过去常常做某事I usedto beafra id of the dark.Be usedto dosth被用来做某事The roomisusedtohave ameet i ngbe/get usedto doi ng习惯于做某事You wi I Isoon be/get usedtoIiving inthesth city.Through穿过;通过指从空间内部穿过The trai npassed througha tunneI.over越过物体上方跨过,无接触面He jumpedover thewall.across穿过;横过物体表面的一边到另一边We wentacross theroad.
14.辨析find find out lookforfind强调“是否找到”这一结果Have youfound yourbj ikeFind out(找出,查明)经过一番努力找到事情的真相lets f indoutwhen thepIane wi I ItakeoffLook for后接寻找的对象,强调寻找这一过程The girlisIook i ng forher book.★解析
1.At first,he wasvery happywith it.be happy*ith sb./sth意为“对某人或事物满意的”,二be pleased/satisfied withsb./sthHis teacheris happywithhim.他的老师对他很满意She is happywith whatIve done.她对我做的很满意
2.Later,however,he beganto doubt that itwas areaI goI dencrown.1begin to dosth.意为“开始做某事”,同义词组为begin doingsth.0When canI begi nto work我什么时候能开始工作呢When I got there,the si ngerhad a I readybegun si ngi ng.当我到那儿时,歌手已经开始唱歌了2doubt此处用作及物动词,意为“不能肯定,对……无把握”He doubtsthetruthof thenews.他怀疑那件新闻的真实性I dontdoubt that she II come.她一定来,我不怀疑【拓展】
①doubt用作不及物动词,意为“怀疑”,其后常接f,aboutShe doubts about everyth i ng.她对一切都怀疑He doubtsof h issuccess.他怀疑他能否成功
②doubt后接宾语从句时,名词从句用if/whether引导,名词从句也可用that引导I doubtif/whether shewiII keepher word.我怀疑她是否会遵守诺言I dontdoubtthatwe wiII win.我们会获胜是没有疑问的
③做名词,意为“怀疑”,固定短语be indoubt“不肯定,不确定”No doubt无疑,很可能without/beyond doubt毫无疑问,的确“Is itmade comp IeteIy ofgoldn hewondered.wonder想知道,相当于wanttoknow
①后接疑问词引导的宾语从句,从句使用陈述语序I wonderwho sheis.
②后接if/whether引导的宾语从句,表示委婉的请求或疑问I wonderif youwouId mindgiving mea hand.
③后接“疑问词+不定式”结构I amjust wondering howto do it.拓展wonder做动词,还可意为“感到惊异,可与at/about连用I dont wonderathiswords.Wonder作为可数名词,意为“奇迹;奇观”“This probIem seemsdifficult toso Ive.What shouIdI do“thought Archimedes.1seem用作连系动词,意为“似乎,好像”,后常接形容词作表语,可以和seem tbe和Itseems/seemed that…相互转换He seemsvery angry.=He seems to bevery angry.他好像非常生气用作实意动词,可接to dosth Heseemstosing.他似乎在唱歌2solve vtsolution nthesolutionsto,意为的解决办法Archimedes wasstill th i nk ing aboutthis probIem ashe filledhis bathwith water.fiI l-with—意为“用把装满”,其被动语态形式为be fiI ledwith,相当于befuI Iof
3.weigh”称重量;重”其名词形式为weightP leasewe igh thebananas forme./she wei ghs60ki I os./it5sabout76k iIosin wei ght.Some goldofthe same weightthe same・・・as・・・与•・・木目同的I boughtthesamecar asyours./this bowlisthesameas thatone.
4.so Imcerta in thatits notcomp IeteIymadeofgold.certain用作形容词,意为“确定的,肯定的”常用结构
①be certa in+从句一定Im notcertain wherehe Ii ves.我不敢肯定他住在哪儿
②be certainto dosth.肯定要做某事He is certain tofinish thetask ontime.他肯定会按时完成任务
③be certainof/about sth.对确信,有把握We recertain ofsuccess.我们有把握成功@be certainof doingsth.有把握做某事He is certainof winningthe match.他确信能赢这场比赛
5.send sbto pr i son/take sbto pri son把关进监狱inprison坐牢,服刑go ahead开始吧其主要用法
①表示同意或允许,意为“说吧,做吧,进行吧”
②继续吧Go ahead,we are aIIIi steni ng.
③表示请对方先走或先做某事,意为“你先走一步;你先请”You goahead andteI Ihim thatwe recoming soon.
6.Whats wrong with itWhatswrongwithsb./sth是用来询问“某人发生了什么事情或某物出了什么毛病/故障”等最常用的句型之一o其同义句型为Whats thematte/troubIe with...What swrongwith you你怎么了出什么事了
7.Thats whyIm angry.Thats why...意为“那就是……的原因,why引导的是表语从句,用陈述语序表语从句是在句中作表语的从句,常位于连系动词be,look等的后面The aI armcIock didntgo off.Thats whyhe wasI atefor schooIbeaII owedto dosth被允许做某事allow sbtodosth允许某人做某事allow doingsth允许做某事He aIIows smoki nghere.他允许在这里抽烟our teacheraII owedustogo outfor awaI k.
8.However,He Ien,a bravewoman,wanted to watch herson run.watch sb.dosth意为“看某人做了某事或经常做某事”,表示看见动作发生、进行的全过程其中d为省略t的不定式,作宾语补足语I watchedher goout ofthe roomjust now.刚才我看到她从房间里出来了注意Watch sb.doingsth.意为“看某人正在做某事”,表示看见动作正在进行其中doing为现在分词,作宾语补足语He stoppedtowatchus working.他停下来看我们干活【拓展】和watch用法相同的动词(组)还有see,hear,make,feel,notice,look at等Did youhear JackcaI I you你听见杰克叫你了吗(动作结束)We oftenhear thegirl singEngl ish songs.我们经常挺大了那个女孩唱英文歌曲(动作经常发生)I heardthe songwind blowingwhen itwas rainingheavi Iy.下大雨的时候我听见狂风呼啸(动作正在进行)
9.When youhave wri ttensometh ing,you shouIdcheck yourwork tomake surethespeI Iing,grammar andpunctuali onareaIIcorrect.
(1)makesure意为“确保,设法保证”,后可接宾语从句或of短语同义短语be sure/be certainMake surethat theyknow nothingabout ourpIan.绝对不能让他们知道我们的计划They scoredanother goaIand makesure ofvictory.他们又进了一个球,这就赢定了
(2)correct此处用作形容词(二right),意为“正确的”,其副词为correct Iy(正确地)【拓展】correct用作动词,意为“改正;纠正correct themistakes改正错误…write whatki ndof mistake itis…mistake用作可数名词,意为“错误,常用短语make amistake/mistakes犯错;by mistake错误地Youve madesevera Igrammat ica Imi stakesinthe composition.Igotonthewrong busby mistake.我搭错了公共汽车【拓展】mistake(mistook,mistaken)还可用作动词,意为“弄错,搞错常用短语mistake for”把…误认为…”She didntspeak verycI earIy,so Imi stookwhat shesa id.她说话不是很清楚,所以我误解了她的意思He is oftenmi stakenfor afamous actor./we oftenmistake himfor afamous actor.他常常被误认为是个名演员
12.However,no onecouId finda seaIe Iargeenough.
①enough此处用作副词,意为“足够地”,修饰形容词或副词时,要放在其后He runsquickly enough.他跑得足够快Its warmenough inthe room.屋子里够暖和了
②adv/adj+enough+(for+名词/代词+)todosth.,意为“…足够…做某事可与so…that+肯定句”进行同义句转换The boxis Iight enoughfor the boy tocarry.这个箱子足够轻,这个男孩能搬动
③Unot+adj/adv+enough toso sth”不够不能做某事,可与too…todosth”进行同义句转换the boyisnot oI denough toI ookafter himse If=theboyistoo youngto lookafter himself._X enough作形容词修饰名词时,可放在其前,也可放在其后We haveenough money.(=We havemoney enough.)我们有足够的钱
14.be takenoff是take…off的被动语态,take…off意为“领走;带走;使…离开”
15.go down的主要用法
①(船等)下沉,沉没the ir shi pwent downdur ing anacc ident.
②(日,月)落下the sunhas gonedown.
③沿着,走just gostra ightdown thatstreet.••
16.own vt拥有adj.自己的my ownpen owner物主the ownerof的主人It*sbeI ievedthat人们相信It is said that据说it is reportedthat据报道It is knownthat众所周知itis supposed/thought that人们认为第二课语法反意疑问句及句子的类型
一、反意疑问句
1、篙义反意疑问句又叫特殊疑问句,它是在陈述句之后附加一个简短的问句,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出疑问或征求意见
2、构成由两部分构成,前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简略的疑问句遵循“前肯后否,前否后肯”的原则前后两部分在人称、数、时态等方面必须保持一致附加疑问部分通常由两个词组成,第一个词是be动词、情态动词、或助动词,若是否定式,通常用上述词与not的缩略形式;第二个词是指代陈述部分主语的人称代词主格
3.答语遵循一个原则,不管问题的提法如何,只要事实是肯定的,就用“yes,肯定回答”;只要事实是否定的,就用“N,否定回答但在前否后肯的反意疑问句中,其答语与汉语翻译不同,Yes要翻译成“不二No要翻译成“是:You wiIInever forgethim,wiII youYes,I will.不,我会No,No Iwon t.是的,我不会
4.特殊用法反意疑问句的特殊用法1)陈述部分为I am...时,疑问部分用aren t.例I amlate,aren,t IIam ateacher,aren*tI2)当陈述部分的主语是everyone,someone,anyone,no one,nobody等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they.例No onewants todoit,doesn the/don,tthey3)当陈述部分主语是something,everything,anyth ing,noth ing等表示物的不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语要用it.例Everything wiIIbeall right,won titSomething mustbe doneto endthe strikemustn,tit4)当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,never,few,I ittIe,nothing,nobody等否定词时,疑问部分宜用肯定式.例She seldomgoes toschooI late,does she5)当陈述部分中有否定前缀或后缀的否定词时,疑问部分仍用否定式.例She disi ikesher boyfriend,doesn,tsheShe is carelessin writing,isn tshe6)当陈述部分是一个祈使句时,不管是肯定还是否定,附加疑问部分一般用will youo当陈述部分以Let s...开头,疑问部分用shall we但以“Let us…”开头的,附加疑问部分常用wiIIyouLet*s havea cupofChinese tea,shal IweLet usgo tothe supermarket,wi11you在肯定的祈使句后,还可以用won tyou.7)当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加疑问部分的主语分别用it或theyThis isyour book,isn tit8)当陈述部分是带有宾语从句的主从结构,疑问部分的助动词和主语应与主句的主谓要一致,但当句中部分是I think.../I suppose-/l beIieve...等结构时,疑问部分助动词主语则与that从句中的主、谓保持一致.例They saidthat Iwas right,didn*t theyIdontthink youhave doneit,have you9)当陈述部分的主语是动词不定式或动名词时,附加疑问词部分的主语是itTo workhard isimportant,isn tit10)陈述部分为there be结构时,附加疑问部分中仍用thereThere,s somethingwrong,isn,t there11)当陈述部分带有usedto,附加疑问部分既可用usedn t或didnt的相应形式.。