有关电力系统自动化中英文翻译资料

外文资料翻译Power SystemAutomationPower systemintegration isthe actof communicationdata to,or amonglEDsinthe lCsystem andremote users.Substation integrationrefers tocombining datafrom theIEDS localto asubstation sothat thereis as inglepoint ofcontact in the substationfor allofthe lCdata.Poletop devicesoften communicateto the substation viawireless orfiberconnections.Remote andlocal substation and feedercontrol ispassed through thesubstation controlleracting as a singlepoint ofcontact.Some systemsbypass thesubstation controller byusing directconnections tothe poletopdevices,such asRTU s,protective relays,and controllers.Power system automation isthe actof automaticallycontrolling the powersystem vialC devices.Substation automationrefers tousing IEDdata,control andautomationcapabilities within the substation,and controlcommands fromremote userstocontrol power system devices.Since truesubstation automationrelies onsubstationintegration,the terms are oftenused interchangeably.Power systemautomation includesprocesses associatedwith generationanddelivery of power.A subsetof theprocess dealwith deliveryof powerat transmissionanddistribution levels,which ispower deliveryautomation.Together,monitoring and control ofpower delivery systeminthesubstation andon thepoletop reducethe occurrenceofoutages andshorten theduration ofoutages thatdo occur.The IEDs,communicationsprotocols,and communicationsmethods described in previoussections,work togetheras asystemto performpower systemautomation.Though eachutility isunique,most considerpowerdeliveryautomation oftransmissionand distributionsubstationandfeeders toinclude:Supervisory Controland DataAcquisitionSCADA-operatorsupervision and control;Distribution Automation-fault location,auto-isolation,auto-sectionalizing,and auto-restoration;Substation Automation-breaker failure,reclosing,battery monitoring,deadsubstation transfer,and substationload transfer;Energy ManagementSystem EMS-load flow,VAR and voltage monitoringandcontrol,generation control,transformer andfeeder loadbalancing;Fault analysis and devicemaintenance.System withoutautomated controlstill havethe advantagesof remotemonitoring andoperatorcontrol ofpower systemdevices,which includes:Remote monitoringand control of circuitbreakers andautomated switches;Remote monitoringof non-automated switchesand fuses;Remote monitoringand controlof capacitorbanks;Remote monitoringand voltagecontrol;Remote powerquality monitoringandcontrol.IED sdescribedinthe overvieware used to performpower systemintegration andautomation.Most designsrequire that the oneIED actas thesubstationcontrollerandperform dataacquisition andcontrolof the otherIED s.The substationcontrollers isoftencalled uponto supportsystemautomationtasks aswell.The communicationsindustry usestheterm client/server fora devicethat acts as a master,or client,retrieving datafrom somedevicesand thenactsasa slaver,a server,sending thisdata toother devices.Theclient/server collectingand concentratingdynamically.A dataconcentrator createsasubstation databasesby collectingand concentratingdynamic datafrom severaldevices.Inthis fashion,essential subsetsof datafrom each IED areforwarded toamasterthrough onedatatransfer.The concentratordatabases is used topass databetween IED s thatare notdirectlyconnected.A substationarchive client/server collectsand archivesdata fromseveraldevices.The archivedata isretrieved whenit isconvenient forthe usertodo so.The ageof theIED snow insubstations varieswidely.Many of these EDsarestilluseful butlack themost recentprotocols.A communications processor thatcancommunicate witheachIEDvia aunique baudrate andprotocol extendsthe timethat eachIEDis useful.Using acommunicationsprocessorfor substationintegration alsoeasilyaccommodates futureIED s.It israre forall existingIEDsto bediscarded duringasubstation integrationupgrade project.The benefitsof monitoring,remote control,and automationofpowerdeliveryinclude improvedemployee andpublic safety,and defermentofthecost ofpurchasing newequipment.Also,reduced operationand maintenancecosts arerealized throughimproveduse ofexisting facilitiesand optimizedperformance ofthe power system throughreducedlosses associatedwith outagesand improvedvoltage profile.Collection ofinformation canresultin betterplanning andsystem design,and increasedcustomer satisfactionwill resultfromimproved responsiveness,service reliability,and powerquality.Power systemautomation includesa varietyof equipmentThe principalitems arelistedand brieflydescribed below.Instrument transformersare usedto sensepowersystemcurrent andvoltage.They arephysically connectedto powersystem apparatusand convertthe actualpowersystem signals,which includeshigh voltageand currentmagnitudes,down tolower signallevels.Transducers convertthe analogoutput ofan instrumenttransformer from onemagnitude to another orfromonevalue typetoanother,such asfrom anac currentto devoltage.As thename implies,a remoteterminal device,RTU,is anIED thatcan beinstalledin aremote location,and actsasatermination pointfor filedcontacts.A dedicatedpairof copperconductors areusedtosense everycontract andtransducer value.Theseconductors originatedatthepowersystemdevice,are installedin trenchesor overheadcabletrays,and arethen terminatedon panelswithin theRTU.The RTUcan transfercollecteddata toother devicesandreceive dataandcontrolcommands fromother devicethrough aserial port.Userprogrammable RTUsare referredto as“smart RTUs.”A communicationswitch isa devicethat switchesbetween severalserial portswhenit istold todo so.The remoteuser initiatescommunications withthe port switch viaaconnection tothesubstation,typically aleased lineor dial-up telephoneconnection.Onceconnected,the usercan routetheir communicationthroughtheportswitchto oneof theconnectedsubstation lEDs.The portswitch merely“passes throughthe IEDcommunication.A meterisanIED thatisusedto createaccurate measurementof powersystemcurrent,voltage,and powervalues.Metering valuessuch asdemand andpeak aresavedwithinthemeter tocreate historicalinformation aboutthe activityofthepowersystem.A digitalfault recorderJs anIED thatrecords informationabout powersystemdisturbances.It iscapable ofstoring datain digitalformat whentriggered byconditionsdetected onthepowersystem.Harmonics,frequency,andvoltageare examplesof datacapturedby DFRs.Load tapchanger aredevices usedto changethe tapposition ontransformers.These deviceswork automaticallyor canbe controlledvia anotherlocal IEDor form aremote operatoror process.Recloser controllersremotely controlthe operationof automatedreclosers andswitches.These devicesmonitor andstore powersystem conditionsand determinewhen toperformcontrol actions.They alsoaccept commandsformaremote operatoror process.电力系统自动化电力系统集成是在系统中的和远程用户之间进行数据通信的操作变IC IED电站集成指的是将局部和整个变电站的数据进行合成，对于变电站内所有IED IC数据，惟独一个单一联系点杆顶设备通常通过无线或者光纤连接与变电站进行通信远程、本地变电站和馈线控制像单一联系点一样通过变电站控制器一些系统用直接连接与保护继电器和控制RTU,器等杆顶设备进行旁路连接电力系统自动化是通过设备自动控制电力系统的行为变电站自动化指的IC是使用数据、变电站内部的调节和自动控制能力和来自远程用户的控制命令去IED控制电力系统设备由于真正的变电站自动化依赖于变电站集成，这两个术语通常互用电力系统自动化涵盖电力生产和发送的各个环节其中一些环节涉及电力传输和分配的各个级别，即电力输送自动化对于变电站和杆顶电力输送系统的监控能减少断电的发生，缩短断电时间、通信协议和前面描IED述的通信方法作为一个系统协同工作，实现电力系统自动化尽管各个公共部门不同，但大多数认为电力输送自动化，配电变电站和馈电路线应包括监控和数据采集一操作员监视和控制，配电自动化一故障定位，自动隔离，自动分段，自恢复供电，变电站自动化一断路器故障（失灵），自动重合闸，电池监视，故障变电站转移和变电站负荷转移，能源管理系统一潮流，无功和电压监控，发电控制，变压器和馈电路线负荷平衡，故障分析和设备维护没有自动控制的系统仍然具有远程监视和操作员控制电力系统设备的优点，包括远程监控断路器和自动开关远程监视非自动开关和熔丝远程监控电容组合远程监视和电压控制远程电力质量监控前面描述的用来执行电力系统集成和自动化不少设计要求一个扮演IED IED变电站控制器的角色，执行数据采集和控制其它的功能变电站控制器也要求IED支持系统自动化任务通信行业对设备使用术语客户/服务器，主设备或者客户从其它设备得到数据，从设备或者服务器向其它设备发送数据客户端/服务器动态地收发数据数据集中器通过采集，集中来自其它设备的动态数据创建变电站数据库在这种方式下，来自每一个的重要数ED据子集通过一次数据转移发送给主设备数据集中器数据库用于间接连接的之间的数据传输变电站档案客户端/服务器从几个设备采集、存储数据IED存档数据可以方便供用户检索现在变电站的寿命差别很大大多数IED仍然实用但是缺少最新的协议通过特定波特率和协议与通信，通信处理机ED IED可以延长每一个的可用时间使用通信处理机进行变电站集成可以很容易地适IED应未来的在变电站升级工程中，弃用所有现存的是很少见的EDo IED电力传输的监视，远程控制和自动化的优点包括提高员工和公众安全，推迟购买新设备的花销同时，运行和维护成本的降低得益于现存设备的使用，通过降低断电造成的损失优化电力系统性能，提高电压分布信息的收集可以用于进行更好的计划和协调设计，日益增加的客户满意度源自改善的响应性、服务可靠性和供电质量的提高电力系统自动化包括不少设备下面列出主要设备并进行简单描述仪表（用）互感器用来检测电力系统电流和电压值它们和电力系统设备连接在一起，把实际的电力系统信号，包括高电压，电流幅值，转换为小信号水平变换器把仪表（用）互感器输出的摹拟信号从一种幅值变换到另一种，或者从一种类型变换到另一种，如把交流电流信号转换位直流电压信号远程终端设备，是安装在远端，操作起来像终端点控制现场触点一样的lEDo特意安排的一对铜导线用来检测每一个触点和变换器的值这些导体引自电力系统设备，安装在电缆沟或者架空电缆盘中，终端连与的面板RTU RTU可以通过串口把采集到的数据传送给其它设备，并接收来自其它设备的数据和命令用户可编程指的是智能RTU RTUo通信交换机是能按照要求在不同串行口之间转换的设备远程用户通常用租用路线，或者电话拨号与变电站建立连接，并用端口交换机进行通信一旦建立链接，用户可以通过端口交换机与连接的变电站进行通信端口交换IED机只无非是通信的通道ED仪表是用来对电力系统电流、电压和功率进行精确测量的测量值EDo（如需求量和峰值）可以保存在仪表中，用于创建电力系统运行的历史信息数字故障记录仪，是记录电力系统干扰信息的当检测到电力系统浮现情况EDo时，它能以数字形式存储数据谐波、频率和电压都是能被捕捉到的例子DRF负载抽头开关转换器是用来改变变压器抽头位置的装置这些设备可以自动工作，或者受控于现场或者远程操作人员或者过程IED自动重合闸控制器远程控制自动重合闸装置和开关这些设备监视、存储电力系统状况，决定进行控制操作的时机它们也接收来自远程人员或者过程的命令。