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高中英语人教版高三一轮复习被动语态2019【问题查找】单项选择
1.In the1950s in the USA,most familieshad justone phoneat home,and wirelessphones yet.A.haven tinvented B.haven tbeen inventedC・hadn tinvented D・hadn tbeen invented答案解析此题主句为过去时时间状语过去的时间点,应与过去完成时连用Do by+而电话与发明是动宾结构,故这里应用被动语态
2.He hurriedhome,never oncelooking backto seeif he.A.was beingfollowed B.was followingC.had beenfollowed D.followed答案Ao
3.The churchtower whichwill beopen to tourists soon.The workis almostfinished.A.has restoredB.has beenrestoredC.is restoringD.is beingrestored答案解析意思为修复,而最后一句表明工程还未完成,因此为正在修复中,答案D Restore选D.
4.Every yeara floodof farmersarrive inShenzhen for the money-making jobsthey beforeleavingtheir hometowns.A.promised B.were promisedC.have promisedD.have beenpromised答案D
5.This coastalarea anational wildlifereserve last year.A.was namedB.named C.is namedD.names答案A
6.Traditional folkarts ofTianjin likepaper cuttingat theculture showof the2017Shanghai WorldExpo.A.are exhibitingB.is exhibitingC.are beingexhibited D.is beingexhibited答案解析因为年上海世博会现在还在进行着,所以像剪纸一样的天津传统民间艺C.2017术品也是“正在被展览”,所以用现在进行时态的的被动语态形式
7.Linda make sure thetable beforethe guestsarriveA.be setB.set C.are setD.are setting答案解析考查动词的用法和被动语态摆放桌子,为主语,故用被C setSet atable tables动结构后一般接宾语从句makesure
8.The libraryneeds,but itllhave towait untilSunday.A.cleaning B.be cleanedC.clean D.being cleaned答案D【要点精讲】被动语态
一、被动语态的构成形式动语态【课后练习】语法填空时态和语态专练A universitygraduate describedas au respectableand intelligentvwoman
1.seek证明有罪professional helpafter beingconvicted ofshoplifting for the secondtime insixmonths.Aha Luz,recently studyingfor PhD,
2.tell shecould endup behindbars unlessshecan controlthe desire to stealfrom shops.,Luz,who
3.live withher partnerin FitzwdliamRoad Cambridge,
4.admit stealingclothes worth
9.95pounds fromLewis inOxford Street,London,on March
9.起诉,Philip Lomoyne,prosecuting saidLuz
5.select someclothes fromdisplayand
6.take themto theladies toiletin thestore.When shecame outagain she
7.wear oneof theskirtsshe
8.select,having takenoff theantisecurity alarm.She
9.stop andcaught afterleaving thestore withoutpaying,Mr.Lomoyne said.He addedthat shewas upseton herarrest and
10.apologize forher actions.答案
1.is seeking
2.has beentold
3.lives
4.admitted
5.selected
6.took
7.was wearing
8.had selected被动语态的基本时态变化
1.被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由过去分词构成,随时态的变化be+be而变化以为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为do过去分词一般现在时1am/is/are+done例Visitors arerequested notto touchthe exhibits.现在完成时2has/have been done彳列All thepreparations forthe taskhave been completed,and wereready tostart.现在进行时3am/is/are beingdone例A newcinema is being builthere.一般过去时4was/were done例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.过去完成时5had been done彳列By theend oflastyear,another newgymnasium had been completedin Beijing.过去进行时6was/were beingdone仞U Ameeting wasbeing heldwhen Iwas there.一般将来7shall/will bedone/be going to bedone/be aboutto bedone/be to be to done时彳列Hundreds ofjobs will be lostif thefactory closes.8should/would bedone/was\were goingto bedone/was\were aboutto be过去将来时done/was\were to be to done例The newswould besent to the soldiersmother assoon asit arrived.将来完成时少用9shall/will have been done彳列The projectwill have beencompletedbefore July.过去将来完成时少用10should/would have beendone彳列He toldme thathis newclothes wouldhave beenmade verysoon.【典题精练】
1.Experiments ofthis kindin boththe U.S.and Europewell beforethe SecondWorldWar.A.have conductedB.have beenconductedC.had conductedD.had beenconducted答案D
2.No permissionhas foranybody toenter the building.A.been givenB.given C.to giveD.be giving答案A
3.1tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.
4.A.gave B.wasgivenC.was givingD.had given答案B
5.It was reported that the murdererarrested.A.has beenB.had beenC.has D.had答案B
6.—Have youmoved intothe newhouse--Not yet,the rooms.A.are beingpainted B.are paintingC.are paintedD.are beingpainted答案A)带情态动词的被动结构其形式为情态动词+过去分词
3.1be+彳列
4.The babyshould betaken goodcare ofby thebaby-sitter.)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主2语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面通常变为主语的是间接宾语彳列可改为His mothergave him a presentfor hisbirthday.He wasgiven apresent byhis motherfor hisbirthday.)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不3动彳列可改为
5.Someone caughtthe boysmoking acigarette.The boywas caughtsmoking acigarette.)在使役动词以及感官动词等后面4have,make,get see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式耍省略,但变为被动结构时,要加toto彳列可改为Someone sawa strangerwalk intothebuilding.A strangerwas seento walkintothe building.)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被5动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开其中的介词或副词也不能省略例The meetingis to be putoff tillFriday.非谓语动词的被动语态
3.形式及不定式也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)v.+ingto do例I dontlike beinglaughed atin thepublic.
二、从句及其他类似句型It is said that+一些表示“据说“或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型过去分词从句”或“主语+过去分词有“lt+be++that be++todosth.It issaid据说大家希望that It is hopedthat据报道众所周知It isreported thatIt iswell knownthat大家相信大家认为It isbelieved thatIt isthought that据建议It issuggested that彳列It issaid thatthe boyhas passed the national exam.=The boyissaidto havepassedthenationalexam.
三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义英语中有很多动词如等,当它
1.break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物例This kindof clothwashes well.★注意主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响试比较(指门本身有毛病)The doorwont lock.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人为的原因)The doorwont belocked.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如
2.happen,last,take place,break out,come out,等以主动形式表示被动意义come about,come true,run out,give out,turn out例How dothe newspaperscome out系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词等在
3.feel,sound,taste/ook,smell主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义例Your reasonsounds reasonable.
四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义*在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义在等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当
1.need,want,require,bear于动词不定式的被动形式()这房子需要修理The houseneeds repairingto berepaired.形容词后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而
2.worth worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式例The picture-book iswell worthreading.=The picture-book isvery worthyto beread.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词
3.构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义彳列I have a lotof thingsto dothis afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系)试比较I IIgo tothe postoffice.Do youhavealetter to be posted(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明不是动作的执行者)you post.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定4式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,等difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting.彳列5This problemis difficultto workout.(可看作省略了)to workout forme..在…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义5too…t例()This bookis tooexpensive forme tobuy.在…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点
6.there be在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物例There isno timeto lose(to belost).(用to lose可看成for ustolose;用to belost,谁不明确)lost time在结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动然而,由于古英语
7.be to do的影响,下列动词等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义rent,blame,let例Who is to blamefor startingthe fire【典题精练】
2.Great changesin Chinasince thePeople sRepublic ofChina in
1949.A.have taken place;was foundedB.has takenplace;was foundedC.havebeentakenplace;foundedD.took place;founded答案AA.isn,t belong to B.wasn t belong toC.doesn,tbelongto D.didn tbelongto答案C
3.The penme.Itishers.
4.The surfaceof thetable smoothenough.
5.A.hasn,t feltB.doesn tfeel sopinion,that company,though relativelysmall,is pleasantC.isn tfeeling D.isn tfelt答案B.dealing withBD.dealt with
4.In manypeople答案AA.to dealwithC.to bedealt with
五、被动语态中常用的介词表示动作的执行者或施加者
1.by这本书是谁写的?By whomis thebook written孩子们被雨赶进了室内The childrenwere drivenindoors by the rain.表示用某种工具
2.with狼被枪打死了The wolfwas killedwith agun.田野里野花遍地The fieldwas spreadwith wildflowers.表示源于某种物质(看不出原材料)
3.from好酒是粮食制成的Good wineis madefrom grain.表示用某种材料制成(看得出原材料)
4.of这张桌子是用木头做的The tableis madeof wood.其他介词
5.有电话找你You arewanted onthe phone.大家都认识他He is known toeverybody.她遭雨淋了She wascaught in the rain.【注意】动作执行者可以由介词引出的短语表示,但被动语态句子中的短语并不总是表示动作by by执行者A policemanisknownby theclothes hewears.警察可以通过他的服装辨认出来(by表示方式)He wasmuch flatteredby herasking himto dinner.她邀请他吃晚饭,他受宠若惊了(by表示原因)The snowwas piledhigh by the gate.门口雪堆积得很高(by表示地点)
六、被动语态与系表结构的区别当过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作;“be+作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时,后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词其be区分办法如下如果强调动作或句中有介词引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系
1.by表结构例(系表结构)The glassis broken.(被动语态)The glasswas brokenbytheboy.如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态
2.例(系表结构)The dooris locked.(被动语态)The doorhas already/just beenlocked.被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系
3.动词只有一般时态和完成时态be彳列The machineisbeingrepaired.被动语态与高考试题赏析X高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析
1.)
1.In someparts of the world,tea withmilk andsugar.A.is servingB.is servedC.serves D.served解析因为是及物动词,其动作承受者作主语,表示经常发生的情况,故用一B servetea般现在时的被动语态)
2.This isTed sphone.We misshimalot.He tryingto savea childintheearthquake.A.killed B.is killedC.was killedD.was killing解析是的承受者,用被动语态,且救人发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的C Tedkill Ted被动语态)-一
3.-Have youmoved intothe newhouse--Not yet,the rooms.A.are beingpainted B.are paintingC.are paintedD.are beingpainting解析和应该是被动的关系,排除后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在A“house”“paint”B,Do油漆,所以要用现在进行时的被动语态不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作,排除Co)
4.When andwhere togo forthe on-salary holidayyet.A.are notdecided B.have notbeen decidedC.is notbeing decidedD.has notbeen decided解析是及物动词,动作的发出者通常是人,句中的主语是动作的承受者,所以D decide要用被动语态从题干的语境和关键词可判断用现在完成时,不定式做主语用单数,decide yet,故用现在完成时的被动语态
5.The managerentered the office andwas happyto learnthat four-fifths ofthe tickets.A.was bookedB.had beenbookedC.were bookedD.havebeenbooked解析B高考对非谓语动词语态的考查
2.当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时,需用被动式弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键
1.Having atrip abroadis certainlygood forthe oldcouple,but itremains whetherthey willenjoyit.A.to seeB.to beseen C.seeing D.seen解析根据题意,那对老夫妇是否到国外旅行是将来的动作,应使用不定式,故排除掉、B CD两项;又因的逻辑主语是动词说表示动作的承受者,即“到国外旅行”这件事,remains itsee这件事有待于“被决定”,应使用动词不定式的被动形式
2.While shopping,people sometimescan t help intobuying somethingthey don t reallyneed.A.to persuadedB.persuadingC.being persuadedD.be persuaded解析C canthelpdoing禁不住做某事,排除A和D;顾客应是“被劝说”购物的,要用动名词的被动语态
3.1feel itis yourhusband whoforthespoiled child.A.is to blame B.is goingto blameC.isto be blamedD.should blame解析的宾语从句为强调句型,在结构中,在某些场合可用不定式的主动语态表A feelbe todo示被动语态,如等toblame,to let【查漏补缺】单项选择一一
1.What happenedtothepriceless worksof artA.They weredestroyed inthe earthquakeB.The earthquakewas destroyingthemC.They destroyedintheearthquakeD.The earthquakedestroyed them答案A
2.As wejoined thebig crowdI gotfrom myfriends.A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed答案A
3.These kindsof shoeswell.
4.A.were notsold B.won tbe soldC.are notsold D・dontsell答案D
4.Tom towork intheofficethough hedidn tlike servingthere.答案A.wanted B.was wantedC.was wantingD.had wantedB
5.He saidhe wouldnt mindat home.
6.A.leaving alone B.being leftalone答案C.to beleft lonelyD.to leavealoneB
6.1remember forthe job,but Iforget theexact amount.答案A.tobepaid B.being paidC.to payD.paying B
7.In frontofthehall colorflags were.答案A.hunged B.hanged C.hang D.hanging D
8.What Iwanted toknow waswhen andwhere the meeting.答案A.was holdingB.had heldC.was tohold D.was tobe heldD
9.T IIcome afterthemeetingif time.A.permits B.is permittingC.is permittedD.has permitted答案A
10.---・How aboutthe dishes,Dear”---The beefdidn ttaste verygood.It toolong.”A.cooked B.had beencookedC.was cookedD.had cooked答案B【梳理优化】时态主动语态结构被动语态结构——般现在时do/does am/is/are+done一般过去时did was/were done一般将来时is/am/are goingtodo;shall/will do;is/am/are todo;is/am/are abouttodoshall/willbe done/be goingtobedone/be abouttobedone/be tobe todone过去将来时was/were goingtodo;would do;was/were todo;was/were abouttodoshould/wouldbe done/was\were goingtobedone/was\were abouttobedone/was\were tobe todone现在进行时is/am/are doingam/is/are beingdone过去进行时was/were doingwas/were beingdone现在完成时have donehas/havebeendone过去完成时had donehad beendone现在完成进行时无被动语态结构have/has beendoing过去完成进行时(少用)无被动语态结构had beendoing将来进行时川无被动语态结构shall/w bedoing将来完成时(少用)shall/will havedone shall/will havebeendone【强化巩固】单句语法训练
1.Iallowto getup closeto thesecute animalsatthe600—acre centre.答案was allowed
2.Sometimes chopsticksare quiteartistic.Truly elegantchopsticks mightmakeofgold andsilverwith Chinesecharacters.答案be made
3.The giantpandalove bypeople throughoutthe world.答案is loved
4.More efforts,asreported,make inthe yearsahead toaccelerate thesupply-side structuralreform.答案willbemade
5.I hada strongdesiretoreach inand playwith thetoy,butholdback thankfullybytheshopwindow.答案was held前面是一般过去时,此处是并列谓语,也应该使用一般过去时;和主语之间是had holdback I被动关系,所以使用被动语态答案
6.—Did youenjoy theparty——Yes.Wetreatwell byour hostswere treated
7.In myhometown,there isalways aharvest supperforthefarmers afterall thewheat cut.答案表示动作在前,要用完成时,且与动词之间为动宾语关系,故要has beencut thewheat cut用被动语态引导时间状语从句,在条件或时间状语从句中要用现在完成时代替将来完成after时
8.To mydelight,I choosefromhundreds ofapplicants toattend theopening ceremony.答案was chosen
9.Unless extramoneyfind,the theaterwill close.答案is found
10.I wonderedwhy Johnkept ita secret.lt wasnot untilheask threetimes thathe toldme thetruth.答案hadbeenasked
11.It wasthe fourthtime sheshoponline forhours.答案had shopped考查固定句型中的时态…从句中应该用过去完成时态It wasthe fourthtime
12.Now collegegraduatesencourage tostart theirown business,which soundsreally goodfor us.答案are beingencouraged根据时间状语可知是正在进行时,学生与鼓励之间是被动关系,故用现在进行时的被now。