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专题一定语从句---------------------------------------<高频考点清单<-----------------------------------------定语从句的分类•)限制性定语从句从句不可少,没有它,先行词的意思不明确,主句也不完整与先行词之间不用逗号1Mary isa girlwho haslong hair.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词)非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用,没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性从句一般用2逗号同主句分开George,who ismy classmate,has wona scholarship.先心词文系词N语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省从句只是对先行词的附加说明,如果省去,的关系去,主句的意思就会不完整或不明确主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标点从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开指人()指人(作主语)(做宾语)who thatwhom whowhom孑旨物()指物which that which关人和物人和物的系whose whose代关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去关系代词一般不可省词修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子关系词的分类•关系代词在从句中做主、宾、表、定关系副词在从句中作状语that/which/who/whom/whose/as When/where/why关系代词的一般用法关系代先行词在从句中成例句备注词分Who人主、宾This is the doctorwho savedthe boyslife.Whom,which,that,who在从句中作兵语时可Whom人宾She isthe newstudent whomI wantto introduceto you.省略;但介词提前时不That人,物主、宾rd liketo seethe filmsthat arejust onshow.能省略,也不能用that和whoWhich物主宾表Please passme the book whichis lyingon thetable.As人、物主宾表This isthe samebook asI lostyesterday.Whose人、物定The bikewhose brakewas damagedhas nowbeen repaired.定语从句中的注意事项•只能用不能用的情况1which,that
①在介词后只用不能用which,thatThis isthe bankin whichthe robberyhappened.
②先行词本身是时,只能用不能用that which,thatoThe clockis that which tellsthe time.
③在非限制定语从句中,只用不用which,thato只用不用的情况2thatwhich
①先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时只能用that这是我所见过的最美丽的山This isthe mostbeautiful mountainthat Ihave seen.
②先行词前有等修饰词时只能用the only,the very,the last,few,little,no,thato.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书This isthe onlvbook that I like
③先行词是等不定代词时,只能用everything,something,anything,all,none,much,many,thato.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西Finally,the thiefhanded ineverything thathe hadstolen
④先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时,只能用thato我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画I canremember thethatIsaw in the room.
⑤当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语,只能用that我的家乡已经不是过去那样了My hometownis nolonger theDlace thatit usedto be.
⑥在以或引导的疑问句后,只能用which whothat哪辆是你丢的自行车?Which isthe bikethat youlost
⑦有两个定语从句时,如果一个从句用引导,则另一个从句用引导which thatTheybuilt upa factorywhich producedthings thathad neverbeen seenbefore.
⑧主语是句型,且关系词在从句中作主语时,如果先行词指物,用不用如果先行词指人,常用there bethatwhich,who引导定语从句There isa roominthebuilding thatis stillfree.)“介词+关系代词”的用法3有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词前面,形成“介词+关系代词”结构,该结构中的关系代词可用Which,whose,Who不可以用和该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子的意义来确定that whoo(根据动词的搭配而定)e.g.This isthe houseof which I spoke.speak(根据先行词的搭配而定)This isthe camerawith which he oftentakes photos.(根据句子的意义来确舁)This isthe pilotby whommy sonwas saved.1注有些“动词+介词”短语,如等不可拆开,不可把介词放在关系代词之前look for,look after,call onHeistheold manwho/whom welooked afterlast year.That isthebookwhichIam lookingfor.)定语从句中主谓一致的问题4当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道,关系代词所代指的就是先行词,这里有一个等量关系)1当先行词是oneof+复数名词,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式The GreatWall isone ofthe world-famous buildingsthat drawlots ofvisitor everyyear2当先行词是the only+one of+复数名词,从句谓语用单数形式The GreatWall isthe onlyone ofthe buildingson theearth thatis seenfrom themoon.
③先行词如果是整个句子,定语从句的谓语动词用单数Great changeshave takenplace inChina,as isknown toall.He haspassed thedriving test,which surprisesall ofus.)引导非限定性定语从句的差别5as,which关系代词和都可用来引导非限制性定语从句,都可用来指代主句或主句中的名词或短语,一般可互换,但用法as which有以下区别
①引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末,而不可as which
②在从句中作主语时,可作连系动词和实义动词的主语;而只可作连系动词的主语which beas be他和她结婚了,这是很自然的事He marriedher,which/as wasnatural.他见到那个女孩,这使他很高兴He sawthe girl,which delightedhim.
③非限定性定语从句中出现等表示猜测、想象、预料等时expect,think,supposeShe succeededin herdoing theresearch work,as weexpected.
④当指代先行词的关系代词在定语从句中作主语且从句为被动语态时,常用引导as常用结构有as iswell-known/known toallas isexpected/reported/announcedas hasbeen saidbefore)和后接定语从句的用法6way time
①当先行词是(方式、方法)时,way如果先行词后面的定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语,则引导词用不填way that/which/thatThe waywhichheexplained to us wasquite simple.不填他向我们解释的那种方法很简单如果先行词后面的定语从句缺少(方式)状语,则弓|导词用不填way that/m which/that出The waywhich explainedthe sentencestouswas notdifficult tounderstand.|不填他向我们解释句子的加种方法不难理解
②当先行词是时(时期、次数)时,time如果表示“次数二应用关系代词引导定语从句,可省略time thatthat(次数)It isthe firsttime thatMr.Smith hasvisited China.这是史密斯先生第一次到中国游览如果表示“时期,一段时间”,应用关系副词或引导定语从句(时期)time whenat/during+which Therewas atime曾经有一个没有收音机,没有电话,也没有电视的时期when/durinc whichthere wereno radios,no telephonesand TVsets.・关系副词的一般用法关系副词先行词从句中的成分例句备注Well neverforget theday whenthe Peopleswhen时间时间状语等介词when=on/in/at/duringRepublic ofChina wasfounded.+whichwhere地点地点状语This isthe roomwhere heput upfor thenight.where=in/at/on/unde]等介词+which原因原因状语why Iknow thereason whyshe studiesso well.why=for which注高考试题中对于的考查趋于复杂,从先行词为“明显的地点”转化“模糊化的地点”事实上,对于where where这个词,考生不能只理解为表地点,当先行词表示某人/物的或某事所发展的和或表达某事的某个方situation stagepoint,面时都可用这个关系副词where常见的抽象名词作先行词的有等point,position,situation,stage,state,case,sceneHe saidif weever gotto thepoint wherewe neededto uselife jackets,he wouldhave alreadydied ofterror.句。