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Transparent animalslet lightpass through their bodiesthe sameway lightpasses througha window.Theseanimals typicallylive betweenthe surfaceof theocean anda depthof about3,300feet-as faras mostlight canreach.Most of them areextremely delicateand can be damagedby asimple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientistin biology,says,These animalslive throughtheir lifealone.They nevertouch anythingunless they9re eatingit,or unlesssomethingis eatingthem.”And theyare asclear asglass.How doesan animalbecome see-through Itstrickier thanyou mightthink.The objectsaround you are visiblebecause theyinteract withlight.Light typicallytravels ina straightline.But(散射)some materialsslow andscatter light,bouncing itaway fromits originalpath.Others absorb light,stoppingit deadin itstracks.Both scatteringand absorptionmake anobject lookdifferent fromother objectsaround it,so youcansee iteasily.But a transparent object doesnt absorbor scatter light,at leastnot verymuch,Light canpass throughit withoutbendingor stopping.That meansatransparentobjectdoesntlook verydifferent fromthe surroundingair orwater.You dontsee it——you seethe thingsbehind it.To become transparent,an animalneeds tokeep itsbody fromabsorbing orscattering light.Living materialscan(色素)stop lightbecause theycontain pigmentsthat absorbspecific colorsof light.But atransparent animaldoesnthave pigments,so itstissues wontabsorblight.According toJohnsen,avoiding absorptionis actuallyeasy.The realchallengeis preventinglight fromscattering.Animals arebuilt ofmany differentmaterials——skin,fat,and more——and light moves througheach atadifferent speed.Every timelightmovesinto amaterial witha newspeed,it bendsand scatters.Transparent animalsusedifferent tricksto fightscattering.Some animalsare simplyvery smallor extremelyflat.Without muchtissue to(果冻状的)scatterlight,it iseasier to be see——through.Others builda large,clear massof non-living jelly-liematerial andspread themselvesover it.Larger transparent animals have the biggestchallenge,because theyhave tomake allthe differenttissues intheirbodies slowdown lightexactly asmuch aswater does.They needto lookuniform.But howtheyre doingit isstillunknown.One thingis clearfor theselarger animals,staying transparentis anactive process.When theydie,theyturn anon-transparent milkywhite.
1.According toParagraph1,transparentanimals.A.stay ingroups B.can beeasily damagedC.appear onlyin deepocean D.are beautifulcreatures
2.The underlinedword deadin Paragraph3means.A.silently B.graduallyC.regularly D.completely
3.One wayfor ananimal to becometransparentis to.A.change thedirection oflight travelB.gather materialsto scatterlight.C.avoid theabsorption oflightD.grow biggerto stoplight.
4.The lastparagraph tellsus thatlarger transparentanimals.A.move moreslowly indeep waterB.stay see-through evenafter deathC.produce moretissues for their survivalD.take effectiveaction toreduce lightspreading
5.What couldbe thebest titleforthetextA.Life in the seaB.Life inthe clearC.Life absorbinglight D.Life easilydamaged
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5.七选五B来源Evaluating Sourcesof healthInformationMaking goodchoices aboutyour ownhealth requiresreasonable evaluation.A keyfirst stepin betteringyourevaluation abilityis tolook carefullyat yoursources ofhealthy information.Reasonable evaluationincludes knowingwhere and how to findrelevant information,how toseparate factsfrom opinions,howtorecognize poorreasoning,and howto analyzeinformation andthe reliabilityof sources.6Go tothe originalsource.Media reportsoften simplifythe resultsof medicalresearch.Find outfor yourselfwhata studyreally reported,and determinewhether itwas basedon goodscience.Think about the typeof study.7Watch formisleading language.Some studieswill findthat abehaviour contributesto oris associatedwith“an outcome;this doesnot meanthat a certain coursemust leadto acertain result.8Carefully reador listentoinformation inorder tofully understandit.Use yourcommon sense.If areport seemstoo goodtobetrue,probably it is.Be especiallycareful of江information containedin advertisements.9Evaluate scientific“statements carefully,and beaware ofquackery湖骗术.10Friends andfamily memberscan bea greatsource ofideas andinspiration,but eachof usneeds to find ahealthylifestyle thatworks forus.Developing theability toevaluate reasonablyand independentlyaboutthe health problemswill serveyou wellthroughoutyour life.A.Make choicethat areright for you.B.The goalof anad isto sellyou something.C.Be sureto workthroughthecritical questions.D.And examinethe findingsoftheoriginal research.E.Distinguish betweenresearch reportsand publichealth advice.F.Be awarethat informationmay alsobe incorrectlyexplained byan authorspoint ofview.G.The followingsuggestions canhelp yousort throughthehealthinformation youreceive fromcommon sources.
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0.5101Stress:Good orBadStress usedtobean almostunknown word,but nowthat weare usedto talkingabout it,I havefound thatpeople arebeginningto getstressed aboutbeing stressed.In recentyears,stress1_regard asa causeof awhole rangeof medicalproblems,from highbloodpressure tomental illness.But likeso manyother things,itisonly toomuch stress_2_does youharm.It istime you3consider thatif therewere no stress in your life,you wouldachieve alittle.If you arestuck athome withnostress,then yourlevel ofperformance willbe low.Up toacertain point,the morestress youareunder,the_4—good yourperformance willbe.Beyond acertainpoint,though,further stresswill onlylead toexhaustion,illness andfinally abreakdown.You cantell whenyouareover thetop andon thedownward slope,byasking yourself5number ofquestions.Do you,for instance,feel thattoo muchisbeing expectedof6—,and yetfind itimpossible tosay noDo youfind yourselfgetting impatientor7_annoy withpeople overunimportant things...If theanswer toall thosequestions isyes,you hadbetter8controlyour stress,as youprobably areunder morestress thanis goodforyou.9some extentyou cancontrol theamount ofstress inyour life.Doctors haveworked outa chartshowing howmuchstress isinvolved invarious events.Getting marriedis50,pregnancy40,moving house20,Christmas12,etc.If thetotal stressinyourlife isover150,youaretwice aslikely_10get ill.
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10.2家谱学血统Genealogy isthe studyof familydescent—how oneperson isrelated tohis parents,grandparents,cousins andmore.Many people are interestedin tracingtheir genealogy1discoverwhere theirfamily camefrom.They mightalso wanttofindother peoplewho arerelated tothem.But genealogyalso applies2species beyondushumans.A personcan studythegenealogy of a dogor ahorse,for instance.That informationcanbe3use inevents suchas dogshowsand horseraces.Genealogy canalso helpscientists tracehow modernspecies may4evolve.Genealogists,5study genealogy,may constructfamily treesas theywork.These branching6draw helpthem trackwho isrelated towhom.This canbe doneby searchingthrough historicalrecords thatcanrecord whenpeople7born,married ordied.Now,though,people canalso learn分子about theirfamily historyby gettingtheir DNA8analyze.DNA moleculesare passedfromparent tochild.This meansDNA canprovide cluesto howpeoplearerelated.9_number ofDNA screeningcompaniestoday helppeople findrelatives theymight nothave knownabout.They canalso helppeople figureout10intheworld theirfamily mayhave comefrom.Now,anyone cansend theirspit toa genealogycompany thatwill analyzetheir DNAto tellthem whotheymight berelated to.
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四、短文改错每空分共分110One day,I sawa picturewhereagoldfish wasjumping outofasmall tankinto alarge onenearby thatstands fordreams.The messageconveying wasclear:try bestto batheourselves inthe brillianceof our dreams.We musthavedreams,and ourlives willbe pointless.So everyone ofus shouldtake actionsto translateourdreamsas reality.Firstof all,however difficultieswell meet,we shouldhavethecourage toovercome them.Besides,we needto makethoroughlyplans andfull preparationsso thatwe wontbe verypanicked totake advantageof themwhen答案opportunities come.In ashort,set agoal andfight forit.—.41-45CDBAB46-50ACDBA51-55CDABD56-60CACBD二.1-5BDCDB6-10GDFBA三・
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4.have evolved
5.who
6.drawings
7.were born
8.analyzed
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1.stands-stood
2.conveying-conveyed
3.try后力口our
4.and-or去掉
5.actions—action
6.as—into
7.however-whatever
8.thoroughly-thorough
9.very-too
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