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年月四级真题第套202261Part IWriting30minutesDirections:Suppose you are going to writea proposalto yourschool libraryfor improvingits service.You are to writeaboutits currentproblems andpossible solutionsto theseproblems.You willhave30minutes towrite theproposal.You shouldwrite at least120words butno more than180words.Part IIListening Comprehension25minutesSection ADirections:In this section,you willhear threeneyvs reports.At theend ofeach news report,you willhear twoor threequestions.Both thenews reportand the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you mustchoose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A,B,C andD.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet1with asingle linethrough thecentre.Questions1and2are based on thenews reportyou have just heard.
1.A Itstudied the effects ofexercise onsleep.B Itsparticipants came from variouswalks oflife.C Itsfindings confirmedthose ofprevious studies.D Itran for as longas somethirty years.
2.A Eatingmore vegetablesinstead ofmeats.B Drinkingwater insteadof beverageswith addedsugar.C Consumingmore energydrinks andsports drinks.D Formingthe habitof exercisingregularly.Questions3and4are basedon thenews reportyou have just heard.
2.A Heasked themabout hislost paintingsB He knewthe ownerof twomissing paintings.C Heleft hispaintings ata highwayrest stop.D Hefound two17th-century oilpaintings.
4.A They are imitations.B Theyare originals.C They were stolenby anItalian boy.D Theycamefrom the sameartistQuestions5to7are basedon thenewsreportyou have just heard.
5.A Lookafter hergrandfather.B Leavethe remoteclod region.C Saveher sickgrandmother.D Fleefromthethreat ofbears.
6.A She has toface acriminal charge.B Shewas foundlying motionlessin thesnow.C Shesearched forher daughterin freezingcold.可真把我累坏了!但我总算让禾苗一下子长高了”他儿子到地里去一看,禾苗都已死光了现在有些家长急于让孩子成功,往往步那个农夫的后尘,搞得孩子苦不堪言,却不见孩子学业长进,这样的家长是否该对这个问题有所醒悟,让孩子自然成长呢?D Sheworks inchildcare services
7.A Shewas foundin aforest afterthree days.B Shelay totallyunconscious forthree days.C Shesuffered fromtheeffectsof severecoldD Shewas finallyrescued byher relatives.Section BDirections:In thissection,you willhear twolong conversations.At theend ofeach conversationyyou willhear fourquestions.Both theconversation and the questionswill bespoken onlyonce After youhear aquestion,you mustchoosethe bestanswer fromthe fourchoices markedA B,Cand D.Then markthe correspondingletter on AnswerSheet Iwith asingle linethrough thecentre.Questions8to11are basedon theconversation you have justheard.7A Sheshows areal passionfor takingphotos.8Shehasjust returnedfrom herhometown.CShe comesfromthecity ofCape Town.D Shehas atruly amazingappearance.
9.A It is asfamous asCape Town.B Ithas aflat surfaceat thetop.C Itis greenand freefrom pollution.D Itwas namedby Europeansettlers.
10.A Shehas Britishancestors.B Sheis ofmixed blood.C Shegrew upin India.D Shespeaks severallanguages.
11.A Itis anextremely violentsport.B Itis becoming a nationalsport.C Itis originatedin NewZealand.D Itis morepopular thanfootball.Questions12to15are basedon theconversation youhave justheard.
12.A Prepare a studyguide.B Consulthis advisors.C Goover hisnotes regularly.D Takestress-relief sessions.
13.A Hisworksheets areterribly messy.BHefinds theworkload tooheavy.C Hisstudy folderis badlydisorganized.D Hehas difficultytaking notesquickly.
14.A Avisual learner,C Anorganized learner.8An emotionallearner.D Alogical learner.
15.A Arrangethem usingcolor andpictures.B Restructurethem ina logicalway.C Committhem tomemory afterclass.D Organizethem into a well-connected story.Section CDirections:In thissection,you willhear threepassages.At theend ofeach passage,you willhear threeor fourquestions.Both the passage and the questionswill bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,you mustchoosethe bestanswer fromthe fourchoices markedA,B,c andD.Then markthe correspondingletter onAnswer SheetI withasingle linethrough thecentre.Questions16to18are basedon thepassage youhavejustheard.
16.A Itis mainlybasedona societysreligion.B Itis interpreteddifferently indifferent times.C Itis acode ofconduct basedon laws and ethics.D Itis amoral principleto guidepeoples behavior.
17.A Itmay lead to misunderstandingdespite goodintentions.B Itassumes thathuman beingsare allgood-natured.C Itmay sometimesproduce undesirableoutcomes.D Itfails toconsider thecomplexity ofhuman relationships.
18.A Thegolden rule is oftenin conflictwith certainlaws andethical principles.B Thegolden rulemust sometimesgive wayto moreimportant principles.C Failureto followthe goldenrule mayleadtoviolation oflawsandethics.D Observingthe goldenruleisthe firststep to becomingaresponsible citizen.Questions19to21are basedon thepassage youhavejustheard.
19.A Many of themfind itrather difficultto manageB They have not seenas muchdiversity asdesired.C Many of themhave anincreasingly diversifiedstaff.D Theyhavenotquite graspedthe conceptof diversity.
20.A Initiativesto achievediversity inlarge corporations.B Advantagesand disadvantagesof adiversified team.C Peoplesattitudes towardsdiversity at the workplace.D Innovativeideas andsolutions resultingfrom diversity.
21.A Peopleprefer to work withteam memberssimilar to themselvesB Employersattach greatimportance to their corporationsdiversity.C Employersdiffer fromemployees in their perspectiveson diversity.D Doubtsabout thepracticability ofdiversity aregradually disappearing.Questions22to25are basedon thepassage youhavejustheard.
22.A Choosingthe besttime forsigning abusiness contract.B Changingone*s formof communicationfrom timeto time.C Layingequal stresson writtenand spokencommunication.D Usingdifferent formsof communicationappropriately.
23.A Theyare regardedas seriouslybinding.B Theyare seldomhonored bybusiness partners.C Theyare takenas memosof understanding.D Theyareto be confirmedin writtenform.
24.A Ithas reachedthe highestlevel ofevolution.B Itplaces ahigh valueon writtencontracts.C Itregards writtencontracts asunalterable.D Ithas seena declinein verbalagreements.
25.A Itsdetails cannot be renegotiated.B Ithas to be carriedout tothe letter.C Itstrengthens businesspartnerships.D Itsterms maynot bestrictly binding.Part IIIReading Comprehension40minutesSection ADirections:In thissection,there is a passage with tenblanks.You arerequired toselect oneword foreach blankfrom alist of choicesgiven ina wordbank followingthepassage.Read thepassage throughcarefully beforemaking yourchoices.Each choicein thebank isidentified bya letter.Please markthe correspondingletter foreach itemonAnswer Sheet2with asingle linethrough thecentre.You maynot useanyof the wordsin thebank more than once.You mightthink ofyour teeth as tools,like built-in knivesand forks,but ifthey aremere tools,why dotheyfeel pain and wouldntit bebetter ifthey couldjust26under anycondition Inspite ofour_27discomfort,it turnsout theres a good reasonour teethare sosensitive.Tooth painis a28mechanism thatensures whena toothis beingdamagedwell noticeand dosomething aboutit.If weeat somethingtoo hotor toocold,or ifthe toothis worndown enoughwhere thetissue29is exposed,all ofthose things causepain,and thenthe paincauses theperson notto usethat toothto tryi protectit alittle bitmore.Soits reallya protectivemechanism morethan anythingelse.If teethdidnt feelpain,we might30to usethem insituationsthat damagethem,and forhumans,damaging31teeth is a problembecause,unlike crocodiles,we cant32them.Teeth havethree layers,only one of which-the innermostlayer of the tooth-can hurt,as that layer ofthe tooth33both bloodvessels andnerves.Pain isthe onlyfeeling towhich the nerves inthatlayerrespond.Whereas peoplewithtooth sensitivitymay complain,for example,of toothpain34by heat,cold,thenervesin theinner layerdontsense temperature.Rather,they feelpain,which maybe35with,say,drinking somethingvery cold.Aadult Econtinue Iemotional MswallowB associatedF defenseJ impliesN triggeredCchewG dentalK mammal0underneathD containsH downwardL replaceSection BDirections:In thissection,you are goingto read a passagewith ten statements attached to it Each statement containsinformation given in oneofthe paragraphs.Identify theparagraph fromwhich theinformation isderived.You maychoose a paragraph morethan once.Each paragraphis markedwith aletter.Answer thequestionsby markingthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet
2.How to determine ifa company is a good fit for you[A]On paper,the jobseemed perfectfor me:The positionwas completelyin linewith mydegree,the dutiesandresponsibilities werecompatible with my interests,andthe office maintaineda wellstocked kitchenthat wouldsatisfymy everysnack desire.[B]Sounds like my dream job,right Therewas only one smallproblem:I simplydidnt get along with the companyculture.They favoreda morerigid,closed-door,corporate atmosphere,while Iwould havepreferred somethingmorecollaborative andopen.They werecomplete clockwatchers,while Iwould haveliked a more flexibleschedule.To putit plainly,we justwerent on the samepage.[Cl When it comes to looking for a new job,you alreadyknow thata bigpart ofthe interviewprocesses involvesthecompany evaluatingwhether ornot yourea good fit for their openrole.But,ifs important to keepin mindthatthe employerisnt theonly onewho needs to identifya goodmatch-you should be lookingfor thatsame exactthing.Company culturecan have a bigimpact onhow youfeel aboutyour work,so you want to make sureyousign anoffer letterwith an organization youretruly excitedabout.[DI However,figuring outwhat a company is like before you actuallywork therecan be a bitof achallenge.Luckily,there area fewthings you can doto determine whether ornot a company is a good fit for you-beforeyoueversign yourname onthat dottedline.[E]First of all,know what you want.Its hardto makeany decisionswhen youdont reallyknow.You mightthink ofyour teethastools,like built-in knivesand forks,but ifthey aremere tools,why dothey feelpain andwouldnt itbebetter ifthey couldjust_26under anycondition Inspite ofour27discomfort,it turnsouttheres a goodreasonourteethare sosensitive.Tooth painis a28mechanism thatensures whena toothis beingdamaged wellnoticeand dosomething aboutit.SectionBDirections:In thissectiony youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identify theparagraph fromwhich theinformation isderived.You maychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Each paragraphis markedwith aletter.Answer thequestions bymarking thecorrespondingletter onAnswer Sheet
2.How to determine ifa company is a good fit for you[A]On paper,the jobseemed perfectfor me:The positionwas completelyin linewithmydegree,the dutiesandresponsibilities werecompatible withmy interests,andtheoffice maintaineda wellstocked kitchenthat wouldsatisfymy everysnack desire.[BJ Soundslikemy dreamjob,right Therewas onlyone smallproblem:I simplydidnt getalong with the companyculture.They favoredamorerigid,closed-door,corporate atmosphere,while Iwould havepreferred somethingmorecollaborative andopen.Theywerecomplete clockwatchers,while Iwould haveliked amore flexibleschedule.To putit plainly,we justwerent on the samepage.[C]Whenitcomestolookingfora newjob,you alreadyknow thata bigpart ofthe interviewprocesses involvesthecompany evaluatingwhether ornot yourea goodfitfortheir openrole.But,its importantto keepin mindthatthe employerisnt theonlyonewho needsto identifyagoodmatch-you shouldbe lookingfor thatsame exactthing.Company culturecan have a bigimpact onhow youfeel aboutyour work,so youwant to make sureyousign anoffer letterwith anorganization youretruly excitedabout.[D]However,figuring outwhat a companyislike beforeyou actuallywork therecan bea bitof achallenge.Luckily,there area fewthings you can dotodeterminewhether ornot acompanyis agoodfitforyou-before youeversign yourname onthat dottedline.[E]First ofall,know whatyouwant.Its hardtomakeany decisionswhen youdont reallyknow whatyoure lookingfor.So beforeyou candeterminewhether you and a specificcompany wouldbe compatibletogether,itsimportant to haveasolid handleon whatexactly youwant fromyour employer.Manyofus havean easiertimeidentifying the things thatwe absolutelydon*t want.If thoseare theonly thingsyoucanthink of,dont worry!Thafs stillagoodplace tostart.[F]Start bywriting downthethingsyou didntlike aboutprevious employers,as wellas the parts youreally valued.Theres nowrong answerhere-so frombig thingsto smalldetails,write themall downon yourlist.This willhelpyou immediatelyidentify whatyoure lookingfor inanorganization,as wellas thethings youre trying tostay far,far awayfrom.[G]Make sureto doyour research.Now comesthepartwhen youput on your detectivehat anddo alittle digging.The Internetwillbeyour bestfriend whenyouretryingto familiarizeyourself with a companysculture beforeeverwalking through their officedoors.And whereexactly shouldyou lookfor theseculture cluesStart withthemost obviousplace first:the companyswebsite.Read throughtheir copyand blog.Do theyuse formal,direct languageOr isit casual,conversational,and maybeeven alittle humorousThis canbeabig indicatorofwhat sortof atmospherethe companyis tryingto cultivate.[H]Next,turn yourattention towardtheir social media outlets.Are theysharing photosof theirteams Thursdayafternoonbarbecue orHalloween costumecontest Orare theirsocialmediaaccounts strictlyreserved forcompany-related announcementsand productlaunches[I]An industryreview websitelike Glassdooris anotherspot tocheck inorder tofind someinsider informationabout whatyoucan expectabout acompany.However,remember totake thereviews youread with a grainof(被鄙视的)salt-many of them arewritten byscorned employees.[J]Finally,youcannever failwith personalconnections.Send a quick messageto acurrent orprevious companyemployeeon Linkedlnor byemail andask ifthey wouldbe willingto haveaquickconversation withyou abouttheorganization ingeneral.If yougetayes toyour requestforachat,youll bearmed withsome prettypowerfuland helpfulinformation headinginto yourinterview![K]Learn moreby askingquestions.You know that partattheend ofa jobinterview whenthe hiringmanager asksifyouhaveany questions,and youjust stareacross thetable blanklywith yourmouth hangingopen Thafstheperfect opportunity to speakup andget yourburning company culture questionsanswered!So yes,you candefinitelyask yourinterviewer aboutwhat it*sliketoworkfor thatparticular organization.Simple questionslike,“What threewords wouldyou useto describethe culturehere”or Whatsyour favoritepart aboutworkingfor thiscompany11can reveala lotaboutwhatits reallylike behindclosed doors.[L]Prioritize yourvalues.What doesmydreamcompany culturelook likeWell,I couldcome andgo asI please,aslong asI wasgetting thework done.My bosswould genuinelylisten toand valueall ofmy ideas and suggestions.My co-workers wouldall befriendly with one another,without everfalling intotheofficegossip trap.Thekitchen wouldhave endlessoptions ofpizza andcookies.Oh,and theydgive metwo monthsof paidvacationwith avery generoussalary.[M]What aremy chancesof findingall ofthosethingswithoneemployer Slimto none-believe me,Ive looked.Thisis whyits soimportantto know whichaspects ofa companysculture youvalue most.Is itan opencommunicationstyle ora flexibleschedule Focuson thetop spotsonyourpriority list,and ensurea potentialemployeratleastchecks thoseboxes.Unfortunately,this isreality,you canthaveeverything youwant buta feware certainlyachievable.[N1When yourehunting foranewjob,you alreadyknowthatthe employeris tryingto decidewhether ornot youreagoodfitfortheposition.But youshould alsolook atthe processthrough asimilar lens.You maynotbethe oneconductingthe actualinterview,but yourestill tryingtodeterminewhether ornot companyis agoodfitforyou.方[O]Keep thesetips inmind tofigure outwhetheryouandapotential employerareaperfect matchor just a recipe案for disaster.After all,ifs agood thingto knowbefore actuallyaccepting anoffer.
36.Clues about the cultureofacompany canbe foundon itswebsite.
37.It canbe difficulttoknowthe realsituation inacompanyuntil youbecome part of it.
38.Itisimpossible fora jobapplicant tohave everyexpectation met.
39.Simply byreading itsdescription,the authorfound thejob offeredideal.
40.Job applicantsare advisedtomakea writtenlistoftheir likesand dislikesin theirprevious employment.
41.At theend ofan interview,a jobapplicant shouldseize theopportunitytoget answerstotheirurgent questions.
42.To beginwith,job applicantsshouldbeclear whatthey expectfrom theirfuture employer
43.Job applicantsshould readwithacritical eyewhat iswritten aboutacompanyon thewebsite
44.Job satisfactionhas alot todo withcompanyculture.
45.A chatwith aninsider ofacompanycan givejob applicantsvery usefulinformation whenthey preparefor aninterview.Section CDirections:There are2passages inthissection.Each passageis followedby somequestions orunfinished statements.For eachofthemthere arefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C andD.You shoulddecide onthebestchoice andmark thecorrespondingletter onAnswerSheet2withasingle linethroughthecentre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are basedonthefollowing passage.Online classesbegan to be popularizedjustafew decadesago.Theyareadvertised asa wayfor adultsto finishtheireducation andstudents to learn the material at their own pace-it isfar morecompatible forpeople withbusyschedules.But afterbeing enrolledinan online courselast fallsemester.I cameto realizeonline classeswere merelyameans tofulfil course requirements.First ofall,students lackthe desireto learn,and theysimply completetheir assignmentsto receivecredit forapassing graderather thangenuinely engagewiththecourse material.As online courses tendtohavemorethan100students,most ofthe assignmentsare shortand simple.They arenotdesigned for students tointeract withthematerialin depthbut designedtobegraded easilyto accommodatesucha largenumber of students.Perhaps thebiggest disadvantage of takinganonlineclass isthe absenceof face-to-face interactionbetween theteacherand theirstudents.Live sessionsare infrequentand areoften scheduledduring themiddle ofthe daywhenstudents haveto attendother classesor work.The officehours ofthe professormay alsobe duringinconvenient timesformany studentsas well.Most interactionwiththeprofessor hastobethrough emailwhich isoften impersonal.It isnearlyimpossible forstudents tobuild arelationship with their professor.There isalso littleinteraction amongststudents.It canbe harderforstudents to createstudy groupsandform relationshipswiththeirpeers.Online classesalso requireeither acomputer orlaptop anda reliableinternet connection.Not allstudents haveaccessto thesetypes ofresources,whether itis forflnancial orother reasons,and somestudents canbe putat adisadvantage.Offering online classes certainlyhelps studentswho wouldotherwise notbe ableto attendclassroom sessions.However,they failto providea genuineeducation withan emphasison conveniencerather thancritical thinking.Weneed restructuredonlineclassesin whichstudents canhavealearning experiencethat willactually providequalityeducation.
46.What doesthe authorsay aboutstudents enrolledin onlineclassesA Theycan accesscourse materialseasily.B Theyare unmotivatedtolearn.C Theycan learnattheirownpace.D D They rarelyfulfll thecourserequirements.
47.What doesthe authorthink of onlinecourseassignmentsA Theyare madeconvenient tomark.B Theyare meantto facilitateinteraction.C Theyare basedon easilyaccessible material.D Theyare givento accommodatestudents5needs.
48.What doesthe authorsay isone disadvantageofonlineclassesA Theyare frequentlyscheduled atirregular times.BTheymake professors9offices muchless accessibleCThey tendto increaseprofessors9burden ofresponding tostudents9emails.DTheyprovide littlechance forstudentstobuild relationshipswith eachother.
49.What problemmay ariseif classesgo onlineAMore students may findit easytobeabsent fromthem.B Teacherswill worryabout poorinternet connections.C Somestudentsmayhave difficultyattending them.D Schoolswith limitedresources willbe ata disadvantage.
50.What doesthe authorthink constitutesa keypartofgenuine educationAAcquisition ofuseful knowledge.B Trainingof real-life skillson campus.C Developmentofstudents9personalities.D Cultivationof analyticalthinking ability.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are basedonthefollowing passage.In theageofthe internet,theres nosuch thingasaprivate debate.But isthat badfor scienceSome scientistshavehad concerns.When debatesin anysector movebeyond thehalls ofuniversities andgovernment agencies,theres potentialfor informationtobeused incorrectly,leading topublic confusion;yet,open debate can alsopromotecommunication betweenthe scientific community andthe public.Recent opendebates onscientific research,health,and policyhave arousedgreater publicattention andencouraged morediverse voices.If thistrend spursscientists toagreemore quicklyaboutthebest solutionsto ourproblems-and atthe sametime helpsthe publicobserve theprocessof scientificdiscourse moreclearly-then thisis goodfor everyone,including scientists.A recentdebate publishedin TheNew YorkTimes discussedthequestionof howquickly medicineshould bedevelopedand produced.Issues suchas safetyoftheproduct andperception ofthe publicwere examinedandconsidered.But someexperts worriedthat suchpublic speculationmight leadpeople tobelieve thatdisagreementabout thedetails meanta lackof adequatescientific consensusover thesafety andefficiency ofmodern-day medicine.The anxietyseems misplaced.Gone arethe daysof goingtoa conference anddebating scientificissues,andthats goodbecause thosegatherings werenot diverseenough andexcluded manyimportant voices.These days,thepublic canaccess debatesabout scienceregardless ofwhere theytake place.For manyscientists,public debateisanew frontierand itmay feellike aplace withfew restraintsor rules,butrather thanavoiding suchconversations,let thedebates betransparent andvigoro whereverthey areheld,if thepublicis tounderstand that science isan honorablyself-correcting process,the ideathatscienceisafixed setof factsina textbookneedstobe dismissed.With thevalidity ofscience comingunder attack,theresaneed forscientificdebates tobe perceivedas openand trueto life.Let everyonesee thenoisy,messy deliberationsthat advancescienceand leadto decisionsthat benefitus all.
51.What doesthe authorthink opendebatecandoA Helpthe publicto betterunderstand science.B Clearup confusioninthescientificcommunity.C Settledisputes betweenuniversities andgovernment agencies.D Preventinformation frombeing usedincorrectly bythe public.
52.Why dida recentdebate publishedin TheNew YorkTimes arouseconcerns amongexpertsA Itmight hinderthe progressin medicalresearch.B Itmight breedpublic distrustin modernmedicine.C Itmight addtothedifficulty ofgetting researchfunds.D Itmight preventmedical scientistsreaching consensus.
53.Why doesthe authorsay someexperts anxietyseems misplacedADebating scientificissues ataconferenceis nowold-fashioned.B Diversetopics canbe debatedby bothscientists andthe public.CDebates aboutscience areaccessible tothe publicanyway.D Scientistscan voicetheir opinionswhatever waythey like.
54.What doesthe authorsuggest scientistsdo aboutpublic debateAHave morediscussions aboutit.B Embraceit withopen arms.C Formulatenew rulesfor it.D Restrainit toa rationaldegree.
55.What doesthe authorsay aboutscience inthe lastparagraphA Itis transmittedthrough textbooks.B Itis whatproves validand trueto life.C Itisadynamic andself-improving process.D Itisacollection offacts andestablished rules.Part IVTranslation30minutesDirections:For thispart,youareallowed30minutes totranslate apassage fromChinese intoEnglish.You shouldwriteyour answeronAnswerSheet
2.从前有个农夫嫌他种的禾苗长得慢,就到地里把禾苗一株株地拔高了一点回家后他对家人说:“今天。