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宾语补足语宾语补足语的定义宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,简称宾补需要宾语补足语的动词有以下几类第一类使役动词使役动词表示“让”「使”,所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词,这类动词主要有、have和let getmake leavekeep的用法
1.have,do sth使…做某事,省略to作宾补,宾补的动作一般尚未发生+doing sth使/让・•…持续地做,现在分词表主动,动作正在并且持续进行【注意】若用于否定句中,其中有“容忍”之意have+0have sb.doing have使…被做宾语是宾补动作的承受者/done例句Motherhave mego to the shopbuy somesalt when I wassix.He hadthe lightburnall night.I wonthave youspeakto yourdad likethat.【即时演练】用所给动词的适当形式填空There*s somethingwrong withmy computer.I willhave mycomputer repair.The girlhad herhat blowon herway home.The bosshas theworkers work14hours aday.We hadthe machinemend justnow.的用法
2.let・+dosth让……做,省略to作宾补,一般情况下作宾补的动作尚未发生let+O•让…被做,宾语与宾补之间逻辑上是被动关系L+be done例句别让你的孩子玩火柴Dont letyour childplay withmatches.工作要马上去做Let theworkdo immediately.【即时演练】用所给动词的适当形式填空My fathersjust hadhis operationand thedoctor wontme seehim yet.I cantlet myselfbe distractby thosethings.的用法
3.get让/使……做,作宾补的动作一般尚未发生.+to do sth使/让……开始做,现在分词表主动,不强调正在进行不常用get+O,+doing sth使/让某事由别人去做;使…被做过去分词表被动.+done例句He gotmepost theletter forhim.The captaingot thesoldiersmove towardthe frontafter ashort rest.ril getmy bikerepairtomorrow.【即时演练】用所给动词的适当形式填空Alexander triedto gethis workrecognize in the medicalcircles.Barbara oftenmakes aschedule toget herselfremindof whatshe isto doin theday.的用法
4.make让……做,省略作宾补,作宾补的动作一般尚未发生■+do sthtomake+O・+done让…被做,过去分词表示被动例句work fromdawn todark.He madehis workers______understand.He triedto makehimself让…一直做,强调动作持续性.+doing【即时演练】用所给动词的适当形式填空He mademe laugh.His honestymakes himrespect.的用法
5.keep让某人/物一直做某事,现在分词表示“一直-doing sthkeep+O让某人/事情被做,过去分词作宾补,表示被动且完成或状态.done例句Keep theengine run.You shouldkeep meinform ofhis trips.【即时演练】用所给动词的适当形式填空Li Hua,who wasbusy preparinga report,couldn*t putup withthe loudnoise,so hekept all the windowsshutall daylong.Lucy hasa greatsense ofhumour andalways keepsher studentsamuse withher stories.[注意]转为被动语态时,宾补变为主补,原不带的不定式的转为带不定式,和to to doing done不变No matterwhere Ibuy them,one steamerisrare enough,yet twoseems greedy,so I am alwaysleftwantmore nexttime.I wasmade domore homeworkby theteacher.的用法
6.leave表示“使处于某种状态”•+adj同上+adv+介词短语同上,eave+O-+to dosth留下某人去做某事,动词不定式表示“将来且主动”留下某事被做,过去分词表示“被动且完成”+done让某人/物一直做某事,不定式被动式作宾补表示将来且被动例句.+doingIts wrongof youto leave the machinerun.He left,leaving medoall therest work.The guestsleft mostof thedishesuntouch,because theydidnt tastedelicious.We hurriedlyended ourmeeting,leaving manyproblemsunsettle.【即时演练】用所给动词的适当形式填空Tom rushedout ina hurry,leavethedoor unlock.Dont leaveher waitoutside in the rain.The doctorasked himnot toleave hiswound expose.It alsoleft methink aboutwhat itreally meansto bea goodfriend”.第二类感官动词感官动词,所接的宾补可以是不带的动词不定式,也可以是现在分词或过去分词高t中阶段的感官动词主要包括“五看”一-see,watch,observe,look at,notice“两听”hear,listen to“一感觉”——feel它们的宾语补足语主要有四种形式省略的不定式、现在分词、过去分词和现在分词的to被动形式,以为例逐个进行讲解(其他动词用法都一样)see看见宾语做……了(表完成”)-+dosth看见宾语正在做(表“进行”)+doing sthSee+°■+being done看见宾语正在被做(表“进行”“被动”)表示“看见宾语被做”(表“被动”)-+done例句()I heardher singan Englishsong whenI passed by her room yesterday.()I heardan Englishsong singby alittle girlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.()rd liketo see the plancarry out.[注意]变为被动语态时,宾补变为主补,不定式的耍还原toI sawhim cross/crossing the road.9He wasseen/theroad.()I feltsomebody touchthe box.6Somebody wasfelt touchthe box.今()People often listened tohim sing inthe next room.He wasoftenlistenedsinginthenextroom.【即时演练】用所给动词的适当形式填空()When wesaw theroad blockwith snow,we decidedto spendthe holidayat home.()I haveheard hisstory tellmany timesby thestory teller.()After hewitnessed hishouse breakinto,he beganto paymore attentionto security.()Have younoticed thebridge buildthere()They knewher verywell.They hadseen hergrow upfrom childhood.()The missingboy waslast seenplay nearthe river.第三类含命名意义的动词含命名意义的动词,所接的宾补一般是名词如(任命,指定),(选举),call,name,appoint elect(认为,看待),(认为,看待),(认为,看待),(认为,看待),make,consider thinkthink ofsee(承认,认可),(对待)等,除和夕卜,它们常与或者连用,recognize treatcall nameas tobe和常省略as tobe例句,他们觉得这是个好主意They thoughtthis goodadvice.他们给女儿取名为They namedtheir daughterJenny Jenny()前总统奥The formerpresident BarackObama signeda lawname thebison thenational mammal.巴马签署了一份法律,命名美国野牛为美国哺乳动物她被选为公司的董事长(在职位前不加冠词)【即时演She waselected presidentof thecompany.练】填写符合句意的动词
1.The authorhislatest bookThe Journeyof Life”.(腮须).
2.They thecat Whiskersbecause ofits long,prominent whiskers
3.The scientistthis newlydiscovered speciesas HomoNavigare.
4.She wasMissUniverse1inthe2020competition.
5.The artistlikes tohis artworkswith interestingtitles to catch peoplesattention.第四类结构中v+sb.+todosth这——类动词主要有advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,force,get,help,inspire,invite,order,等permit,persuade,remind,request,require,teach,tell,train,urge,want,warn,wish,report【注意】跟动名词作宾语,不定式作宾补例advise,allow,permit,forbid,recommend,require句The instructoradvisedcheck the Advanced Settings^^option.The instructoradvised mechecktheAdvancedSettings“option.They dontallowsmoke in this restaurant.They dontallow peoplesmokeinthisrestaurant.The authoritiesforbadeenter the park because of a bush fire.The authoritiesforbade usentertheparkbecauseofabushfire.【即时演练】用所给动词的适当形式填空Did youintend ususe thenew methodTheteacher encouragedus writegood compositions.I thinkyou cantforce yourson goto seeher.They wouldnot allowhim goacross theenemy line.第五类的复合结构with复合结构主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节在句中作状语,表示条件、原因、时间、with方式或伴随情况等一+形容词+副词.+介词短语wXh+O-+・ing分词表示宾语是动作的发出者、正在进行的动作或主动的动作+・ed分词宾语是动作的承受者,或动作已经发生不定式表示动作尚未发生,或动表示将来的动作_+todo例句Hearing this,Mike lookedvery frustrated,with tearsrolldown hischeeks.包,裹With thethiefwrap inhis arms,Jack yelledat hiswife breathlessly,“Call911!”With herheartbeat wildly,she rushedtothefront doorand poundedthe doorbellwith allher strength.【即时演练】用所给动词的适当形式填空With muchhomework finish,Iamnot allowedto goout.She fellasleep withthe lightburn.With agreat weighttake offher mind,she passedallthetests successfully.He layon thegrass withhis eyeslook atthe sky.With waterheat,we canseethesteam.长句子
1.When hesaw ayoung childhangfrom asixth-floor apartmentbalcony,Henry ranone hundredmetres,held outhis armstocatchthefall child.
2.China hasnamed24,216primary andmiddle schoolsacross thecountry specialistfootfall schoolto.戈分句子成分lead youthfootball developmentij。