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历年高中英语学业水平考试知识点归纳高中英语学业水平考试知识点
11.一般现在时一般现在时大多用动词原形来表示Behave在人称和数上应按自己的变化规则与主语保持一致其他动词若其主语是第三人称单数,则应按动词第三人称单数的变化规律变化1表示主语现在所处的状态及所具备的特征、性格、能力等Eg Theyare bothtired andhungry.2表示习惯性的,反复出现的动作与状态常用时间状语always oftensometimes nowand thenevery day3表示客观事实或普遍真理Eg Theearth movesaround thesun.4在时间状语从句和条件状语从句表示将来的动作Eg Ifit doesnt raintomorrow,we willgo climbing.5表示按规定预计要发生的动作,只限于go,come,leave,start,stay,return,begin等6在某些以have,there开头的句子中,用动词go,come的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作Eg Herecomes thebus!
2.现在进行时1表示说话时正在进行的动作;2表示即将发生的或按计划安排好的动作,多限于_go,come,start,leave,return,arrive,stay,fly等表示运动方向的动词,句中往往有表示将来的时间状语egMy ideais toclimb themountain fromthe north.Your mistakewas not to writethat letter.What Iwould suggestis tostart workat once.
三、动词不定式作宾语以不定式结构为宾语的动词有ask,agree,care,choose,demand,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语口诀接不定式作宾语的动词想要学习早打算want learnplan快准备有希望prepare hopewish expect同意否供选择agree offerchoose决定了已答应decide bedetermined promise尽力去着手做manage undertake别拒绝别假装refuse pretend失败不是属于你faile.g.Tom refused to lendme hispen.We hopeto get there beforedark.The girldecided to do itherself._注意某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同的有stop goon rememberforgetregret trymean can t helpbeusedto高中英语学业水平考试知识点4
一、将来完成进行时
1.概念表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间是否继续下去,要视上下文而定
2.基本结构shall/will have been doing
3.例子I shallhave beenworking herein thisfactory fortwentyyears by the end of the year.至U今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了If wedont hurryup thestore willhavebeenclosing beforewegetthere.咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了
二、过去将来完成进行时L概念表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作
4.基本结构should/would+have+been+现在分词
5.例子He toldme thatby theendof theyearhe wouldhavebeen livingthere forthirty years.他告诉我,到年底时,他就在那住了30年了高中英语必修三语法知识使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
1.不及物动词无被动语态What willhappen in100years.The dinosaursdisappeared about65million yearsago.
2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义This penwrites well.This newbook sellswell.
3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但变为被动语态时,须加上to o例make somebody dosomething—soniebody+be+made to do somethingseesomebodydosomethingssomebody+be+seen to do somethingAgirl sawmy walletdrop when she passed by.fMy walletwasseen todrop bya girlwhenshepassedby.The bossmade thelittleboy do heavy work.-The littleboy wasmade to doheavyworkby theboss.
4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定He gaveme abook.一卜book wasgiven to me by him.He showedme aticket.—A ticketwas showntomebyhim.My fatherbought mea new bike,f Anewbikewas boughtforme bymy father.高中英语学业水平考试知识点5介词in,on,under等十名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词
1.under+名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中“常见的有under control(受控制),under treatment(在治疗中),under repair(在修理中),under discussion(在讨论中),under construction(在施工中)例The buildingis underconstruction(is beingconstructed).
2.“beyond+名词”结构,“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”常见的有beyond belief(令人难以置信),beyond one s reach(鞭长莫及),beyond one s control(无法控制),beyond ourhope.我们的成功始料不及例The rumouris beyondbelief(=can,t bebelieved).
3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过……、高于……”例His honestcharacter isabove allpraise.=His honestcharactercannot bepraised enough.
4.“for+名词”结构,表示“适于……、为着……”如forsale(出售),for rent(出租)等例That houseis forsale.(二That houseis to be sold).
5.“in+名词”结构,表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有in print(在印刷中),in sight(在视野范围内),等例The bookis notyet inprint.(=is notyet printed)
6.“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事……中”常见的有on sale(出售),on show(展出),on trial(受审)例Today sometreasures areon showin themuseum(=are beingshowed).
7.“out of+名词”结构;表示“超出……之外”,常见的有out of control(控制不了),out ofsight(超出视线之夕卜),out ofonesreach(够不着),out offashion(不流行)等例The planewas outofcontrolcantbe controlled.全文5521字3少数动词如go,come,leave,arrive,return,begin,do,die,lose等现在进行时可以表示预计即将发生的动作;4表示反复发生的动作
3.以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词以-ed结尾的形容词用来描述人的精神状态或人对事物的态度或感受;以-ing结尾的形容词有“令人的”意思,常用来指物高中英语学业水平考试知识点
21.cultural relics文化遗产Many unearthedcultural relicswere exhibitedat themuseum.博物馆展出了许多出土文物By definitionthe capitalis thepoliticaland culturalcenter ofa country.根据定义,首都是一个国家的政治文化中心
2.rare andvaluable珍贵稀有It israre tofind sucha geniusnowadays.这样的天才现在很少见The flawin thisvase makesit lessvaluable.这个花瓶因为有点缺陷,不那么值钱了
3.in searchof寻找,寻求=in search forHer ssailed theseven seasin searchof adventure.他闯荡七大洋去历险.He wentto thesouth insearchfora betterfuture.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去
4.in thefancy style以别致的风格in…style/in thestyleof以风格These clothesare toofancy forme,I preferplainer ones.这些衣服对我来说有些花哨,我还是喜欢素净些的
5.popularShe is popular atschool.她在学校里很受人喜欢This danceispopularwith youngpeople.这种舞很受青年人喜爱
6.…a treasuredecorated withgold andjewels,which tookthecountry sbest artistsabout tenyears tomake.用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品,一批国家秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成decorate with以装饰・・・
7.be designedfor…为而设计by design故意地My brotherdesigns tobe anengineer.我弟弟立志要当工程师This roomwas originallydesigned tobe mystudy.这间屋子原预定做我的书房His parentsdesigned himfor thearmy,but hepreferred thenavy.他父母打算要他当陆军,但是他却喜欢当海军
8.belong to属于We belongto thesame generation.我们属于同代人
9.in return作为回报/报答/交换in turn依次地,轮流的;转而,反过来
10.a troopof一群He issurrounded bya troopof friends.他被一群朋友围住了
12.serve as作为,用作,充当,起作用The roomcan serveas astudy.这间房子可作书房用
13.a smallreception hallfor importantvisitors接待重要来宾的小型会客室
14.Later,Catherine IIhad the Amber Roommoved toa palaceoutsideSt Petersburgwhere shespent hersummers.后来,叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中have sthdone请/让别人做某事,使得,蒙受某种损失We hadthe machinerepaired.我们请人把机器修好了
15.In1770the roomwas completedthe wayshe wanted.1770年,这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了(I wasnever allowedto dothingsthe way/that/in whichI wanted.我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情)
16.Sadly,although theAmber Roomwas consideredone ofthewonders ofthe world,it ismissing.可悲的是,尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一,可是现在它却消失了I amconsidering goingabroad.我正在考虑出国I considerit agreat honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸We considerthat thedriver isnottoblame.我们认为这不是司机的过错We considerit tobetrue.=We considerthat it is true.我们认为这是真实的a coupleof wordsmissing缺的两三个字There isa pagemissing.缺少一页Police arecombing thewoods for the missingchildren.警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.
17.be atwar处于战争状态,交战
18.remove somefurture andsmall artobjects把——些家具和小件艺术品搬走He removedthe mudfrom hisshoes.他去掉鞋上的泥This oldtable isa valuablepiece offurniture.这张I日桌子是一件很珍贵的家具
19.in lessthan twodays在不到两天的时间里
20.There isno doubtthat theboxes werethen puton atrainfor-毫无疑问,这些箱子后来被装上了运往……的火车There isno doubtthat she will keepher word.毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的.There isno doubtthat Taiwanbelongs toChina.这是毫无疑问的,台湾属于中国There isno doubtthat sheis capableofthejob.她能胜任这个工作,这是毫无疑问的.
21.After that,what happenedto theAmber Roomremains amystery.从那以后,琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜it remains tobeseen尚待分晓The factremainstobe proved.事实尚待证明?remain in呆在家里remain out呆在外面,留在户外These mattersremain indoubt.这些事情仍然值得怀疑Hes determinedto remainloyal to the teamwhatever comeshisway.他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队Peter becamea judgebut Johnremained afisherman.彼得当了法官,但约翰仍然是个渔民
22.By studyingold photosoftheformer AmberRoom,they havemadethe newone looklike theold one.通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片,他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像
23.One dayhe waslooking in a second-hand furnitureshop whenhesaw anamazing objectamong themany differentvases andjewels.一天,他正在一家二手家具商店查找,突然他在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见一个神奇的东西
24.without doubt无疑地,确实地He iswithout doubtthe clevereststudent Iveever taught.他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.
25.the UNpeace-keeping force联合国维和部队
26.The oldman sawsome Germanstaking aparttheAmberRoomand receivingit.那位老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开搬走了take apart拆卸,拆开Take apartthe piecesbefore puttingthe toysaway.玩具拿开前先将它拆成一件件的
27.In atrial,a judgemust decidewhich eyewitnessestobelieve andwhich notto believe.在审讯中,法官必须确定哪些目击者可信哪些不可信
28.rather than胜于,而不是Tom rather than Jackis toblame.该受责备的是汤姆,而不是杰克I preferto readrather thansit idle.我宁愿读书而不愿闲坐着We aimat qualityratherthanquantity.我们的目的是重质不重量
29.bythelight ofthe moom借助于月光
30.for oneself亲自,独自地One shouldnot livefor oneselfalone.一个人不应只是为自已活着
31.To mysurprise theentrance to the minewas closed使我感到惊奇的是矿口被封闭了…….
32.I thinkhighly ofthose whoare searchingfor theAmbe Room.我认为那些在找寻琥珀屋的人们很了不起
33.Nor doI thinkthey shouldgive itto anygovernment.我也不认为他们会把它交给任何政府
34.do with处理,忍受,对付I cantdo withhis insolence.我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度What dothey dowith thecoin他们是怎样处理这枚硬币的?
35.take notes of记录,把记下来Please takenotesofthe importantwhile youread.请边读边把重要的事情记下来
36.Read theinformation thatis providedfor thevisitors.阅读一下为参观者提供的信息They provideus withfood.他们供给我们食物We providedfood forthe hungrychildren,我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物Its wiseto savesome moneyand provide forthefuture.积蓄点钱,为将来使用作些准备是明智的He hasa wifeand sevenchildren toprovidefor,他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子
37.It willnot onlygive youa chanceof practisingyourEnglish butalso ofdeveloping aninterest inlocal historyatthe sametime.它不仅给你了练习英语的机会而且在同时也给你了培养对当地历史感兴趣的机会
38.for fun为了消遣,为了开心He playsviolin justfor fun.他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐高中英语学业水平考试知识点3
一、不定式做主语
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作二二二动名词doing表示习惯的,经常的动作e.gTo finishthe buildinginamonth isdifficult.To dosuch thingsis foolish.To seeis tobelieve.对等注
1.不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
2.当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面it做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中1It is/was+adj.+of sb.to do・・・2It is+adj.+for sb.+todo---It iseasy/difficult/hard/foolish/unwise/right/wrong/unnecessary3itis+a+名词+todo...It isa pity/a pleasure/a pleasantthing/onesduty/an honor/a shame/a crime/no easyjob…to doIttakes sb.some time/courage/patience…todo…It requirescourage/patience/hard work…todo…_注意probable和possible均可作表语,但possible可以用不定式作真实主语,而probable不能用不定式作真实主语It isprobablefor himto come tothemeeting.错It ispossiblefor himto cometothemeeting.It ispossible/probable thathewillcometothemeeting.
二、不定式做表语主语是以aim dutyhope ideaintention planjob suggestionwishpurpose task等为中心词的名词词组或以what引导的名词性从句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。