还剩75页未读，继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览，全部文档请下载后查看！喜欢就下载吧，查找使用更方便
文本内容:
年月英语四级阅读备考试题:20xx12真题汇合年月英语四级阅读备考试题真题汇合20xx12Unit16Passage OneInterestin pursuinginternational careershas soared（长期的）in recentyears,enhanced bychronic personnelshortagesthat arecausing companiesto searchbeyondtheir homeborders fortalent.Professionals seekcareer experienceoutside oftheirhome countriesfor avariety ofreasons.They mayfeelthe needto rechargetheir batterieswith a newchallenge.They maywant aposition withmoreresponsibility thatencourages creativityand initiative.Orthey maywish toexpose their children to another culture,and theopportunity tolearn asecond a person how tosteal acar,using abare minimumof tools.But onlyif thecar is more than10years old.Modern carsare fartougher tosteal,as theirenginemanagement computerwont allow them tostart unlesstheyreceive aunique IDcode beamedout by the ignition（点火）key.In the UK,technologies likethis havehelpedachieve a31%drop invehicle-related crimesince
1997.But determinedcriminals arestill managingto findotherways tosteal cars,often bygetting boldof theownerskeys.And keytheft isresponsible for40%of thetheftsof vehiclesfitted with a tracking system.If the car travels100metres without the driverconfirmingtheir ID,the systemwill senda signalto anoperationscentre thatit has been stolen.The hundredmetresminimum avoidsfalse alarmsdue toinaccuraciesin theGPS signal.Staff at the centrewill thencontact theowner toconfirmthat the car reallyis missing,and keep policeinformed of the vehiclesmovements viathe carsGPSunit.z
31.What sthe function of theremote immobilizerfittedtoacarA To help thepolice makea surpriseattack on thecar thief.B Toallowthecar tolock automaticallywhenstolen.C Toprevent thecar thieffrom restartingit onceitstops.D Toprevent cartheft bysending aradio signaltothe carowner.
32.By saying“The patternof vehiclecrime haschanged”Lines1-
2.Para.3,Martyn Randallsuggests・thatA ittakes a longer time for thecar thiefto dothestealingB self-prepared toolsare no longer enoughfor cartheftC the thief has to make useof computertechnologyD the thiefhaslost interestin stealingcars over10years old
33.What isessential inmaking amodem cartougherto stealAA codedignition key.B Aunique IDcard.C Aspecial cellphonesignal.D AGPS satellitepositioning receiver.
34.Why doesthe trackingsystem set a100-metreminimum beforesending analarm to the operationscentreATo leavetime for the operationscentre to give analarm.B Tokeeppoliceinformed of the carsmovements.C Togive thedriver timeto contactthe operationscentre.D Toallow forpossible errors in theGPSsystem.
35.What willthe operationscentre dofirst afterreceivingan alarmAStart thetrackingsystem.B Contactthecarowner.C Blockthecarengine.D Locatethe missingcar.Passage Four（精神病专家）Psychiatrists whowork witholderparents saythat maturitycan be an assetin childrearing-older parents are morethoughtful,use lessphysicaldiscipline andspend moretime with theirchildren.ut raisingkids takesmoney and energy.Many older parents findthemselves balancingtheirlimited financialresources,declining energyand failinghealthagainst thegrowing demandsof anactive child.Dying andleaving youngchildren isprobably theolderparentsbiggest,and oftenunspoken,fear.Havinglate-life children,says an economics professor,oftenz/means parents,particularly fathers,end upretiringmuch later.For many,retirement becomesanunobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf,a54-year-old journalist,knows ittakesmoney to raise kids.But hesalso worriedthat hisenergywill giveout first.Sure,he canstill ridebikes withhis athletic fifthgrader,but heslearned thatyoung atheartdoesnt meanyoung.Lately hesbeen taking（午睡）afternoon napsto keepup hisenergy.“My bodyis aging,says Metcalf.You cant get awayfrom that.”Often,older parentshear theticking of another kindofbiological clock.Therapists whowork withmiddle-aged andolder parentssay fearsabout agingarenothing tolaugh at.They worrytheyll bemistaken forgrandparents,or that they/ll needhelp gettingup out ofthose littlechairs innursery school,says JoannGalst,aNew York psychologist.But at the coreof thoselittlez/fears there is oftena muchbigger one:that theywontbe alivelong enough to supportand protecttheirchild,“she says.Many late-life parents,though,say theirchildrencame atjust theright time.After marryinglate and（受孕）undergoing years of fertilitytreatment,Marilyn/zNolen and her husband.Randy,had twins.We both/zwanted children,says Marilyn,who was55when shegavebirth.The twinshave giventhe couplewhat they/zdesired foryears,“a senseof family.Kids ofolder dadsare often smarter,happier andmore sociablebecausetheir fathersare moreinvolved in their lives.“The dadsareolder,more mature,says Dr.Silber,“and morereadyto focus on parenting.
36.Why dopsychiatrists regardmaturity as anasset inchild rearingAOlder parentsare oftenbetter preparedfinancially.B Olderparents cantake bettercare of theirchildren.C Olderparentsareusually moreexperienced inbringingup theirchildren.D Olderparents can better balancetheir resourcesagainstchildrens demands.
37.What doesthe authormean bysaying”For many,z/retirement becomesan unobtainabledream Lines7-8,Para.1A They are reluctantto retirewhen theyreach theirretirement age.B Theycan/t obtain the retirementbenefits theyhavedreamed of.C Theycantgetfull pensionunless theywork someextrayears.D Theyhave togo onworking beyondtheirretirementage.
38.The authorgives theexample ofHenry Metcalfto show thatAolder parents should exercisemore to keep upwith their athleticchildrenB manypeople areyoung inspirit despitetheiradvanced ageColderparentstend to be concernedabout theiragingbodiesD takingafternoon napsis a good way to maintainenergyz
39.What sthe biggestfear ofolder parentsaccording to New YorkpsychologistJoan GalstAApproaching ofdeath.B Slowingdown of their paceof life.C Beinglaughed atby other people.D Beingmistaken forgrandparents.
40.What dowe learn about Marilynand RandyNolenAThey thoughtthey werean example of successfulfertilitytreatment.B Notuntil theyreached middleage didthey thinkofhaving children.C Notuntil theyhad thetwins didthey feeltheyhadformed afamily.D Theybelieved thatchildren bornof olderparentswould besmarter.Unit
1621.D
22.D
23.A
24.C
25.B
26.C
27.A
28.B
29.C
30.D
31.C
32.B
33.A
34.D
35.B
36.C
37.D
38.C
39.A年月英语四级阅读备考全真试题⑸
40.C20xx12Unit5Passage OnePeopleliving onparts of the south coast of Englandface aserious problem.In1993,the ownersof alargehotel andof several houses discovered,to theirhorror,that theirgardens haddisappeared overnight.The seahadeaten into the softlimestone cliffson whichthey hadbeenbuilt.While expertswere studyingthe problem,thehotel and severalhousesdisappeared altogether,slidingdown thecliff andinto the sea.（侵蚀）Erosion of the white cliffs along the southcoast of Englandhas alwaysbeen a problem but it hasbecomemore seriousin recentyears.Dozens ofhomeshave had to be abandoned as the seahas creptfartherand fartherinland.Experts havestudied theareas mostaffectedand havedrawn upa mapfor localpeople,forecasting theyear inwhich their homes will beswallowed upby thehungry sea.Angry ownershave calledon theGovernment toerectsea defensesto protecttheirhomes.Governmentsurveyors havepointed outthat inmost cases,this isimpossible.New seawalls wouldcost hundredsofmillions ofpounds andwould merelymake thewavesand currentsgo furtheralongthe coast,shifting theproblemfrom onearea to another.The dangeris likely tocontinue,they say,until thewaves reachan inland areaof hardrock whichwill not be eatenas limestoneis.Meanwhile,if youwant tobuy acheap housewith anuncertainfuture,apply toa house agent in one of thethreatened areason the southcoast ofEngland.You cangeta housefor a knockdown pricebut it may turn out tobe aknockdownhome.
11.What is the cause of theproblem thatpeopleliving onparts of the southcoastofEngland faceAThe disappearanceof hotels,houses andgardens.B Theexpertslack ofknowledge.C Therising of thesealevel.D Thewashing-away oflimestone cliffs.
12.The erosionof thewhitecliffsin thesouth ofEngland.A willsoon becomeaproblemfor peopleliving incentralEnglandB hasnow becomea threatto the localresidentsC isquickly changingthe mapof EnglandDcanbestopped ifproper measuresare taken
13.The expertsstudyon theproblem oferosioncan■A lead to itseventual solutionBprovide aneffective way to slowit downChelp toprevent itfrom worseningDwarn people whose homesare indanger
14.1t is not feasibleto buildsea defensesto protectagainsterosion because.A it is toocostly andwill endangerneighbouringareasB thegovernment is too slowin takingactionC they will beeasily knockeddown bywavesandcurrentslanguage.When applyingfor ajob,one usuallyhas tosubmit aresumeor curriculumvitae CV.The twoterms generallymeanthe samething:a one-or two-page documentdescribingone/s educationalqualifications andprofessionalexperience.However,guidelines forpreparinga resumeare constantlychanging.The bestadviceis tofind out what isappropriate regardingthe公司corporate culture,the countryculture,and thecultureof theperson makingthe hiringdecision.Thechallenge will be toembrace twoor morecultures inonedocument.The followinglist isagoodplace tostart.•Educational requirementsdiffer fromcountry tocountry.In almostevery case of cross-border jobhunting,just statingthe titleof yourdegree willnot beanadequatedescription.Provide thereader withdetailsabout yourstudies and any relatedexperience.•Pay attentionto theresume formatyouuse-chronological orreverse-chronological order.Chronological ordermeans listing your/oldestworkexperience first.Reverse-chronological ordermeansD houseagents alongthecoastdo notsupport theidea
15.According to the author,when buyinga housealongthesouthcoastofEngland,people shouldA be aware of the potential dangerinvolvedB guardagainst beingcheated by the houseagent Ctakethe quality of the house into consideration Dexaminethe housecarefully beforemaking adecisionPassage TwoSportis not only physicallychallenging,but it canalso bementally challenging.Criticism fromcoaches,parents,and otherteammates,as wellas pressureto wincancreate anexcessive amountof anxietyor stressfor运动员.young athletesStress canbe physical,emotional,or psychological,and researchhas indicatedthatit canlead toburnout.Burnout hasbeen describedasdropping orquitting of an activitythat wasat onetimeenjoyable.The earlyyears ofdevelopment arecritical yearsforlearning abutoneself.The sportsetting isone wherevaluableexperiences cantake place.Young athletescan,for example,learn how to cooperatewith others,makefriends,and gainother socialskills thatwill be usedthroughout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware,at alltimes,that theirfeedback to youngsters cangreatly affecttheirchildren.Youngsters maytake theirparentsand（缺陷）coachescriticisms to heart and find aflawinthemselves.Coaches andparentsshouldalso becautiousthat youth sport participationdoes not become workforchildren.The outcomeof thegame should not be moreimportant than the processof learningthe sportandother lifelessons.In todaysyouthsportsetting,youngathletes may be worryingmore aboutwho willwininstead ofenjoying themselvesand thesport.Following agame,many parentsand coachesfocuson the outcomeandfind faultwith youngstersperformances.Positivereinforcement should be providedregardless of theoutcome.Research indicatesthat positivereinforcementmotivates andhas a greater effect on learningthancriticism.Again,criticism cancreate highlevelsof stress,which canleadtoburnout.
16.An effectiveway toprevent theburnout ofyoungathletes is.A to make sportsless competitiveBtomakesports morechallengingC to reduce theirmental stressDto increasetheir senseof success
17.According to the passagesport ispositive foryoungpeople inthat.A it can helpthem learnmore aboutsocietyB itteaches themhow toset realisticgoals forthemselvesCit enablesthem tofind flawsin themselvesDit canprovide themwith valuableexperiences
18.Many coachesandparentsare in the habitofcriticizing youngathletes.A withoutrealizing criticismmay destroy their selfconfidenceBin ordertomake them rememberlifeslessonsC believingthat criticismis beneficialfor theirearlydevelopmentD so as toput morepressure on them
19.According to the passageparents andcoachesshould■A helpchildren towin everygameB paymore attentionto lettingchildren enjoysportsCenable childrento understand the positiveaspectof sportsDtrain childrento cope with stress
20.The authors purpose in writing the passageisA topersuade youngchildren notto worry aboutcriticismB tostress the importance ofpositivereinforcement tochildrenC todiscuss the skill ofcombining criticismwithencouragementD to teach youngathletes howto avoidburnoutPassage ThreeHumanity usesa littleless thanhalf the wateravailable worldwide.Yet occurrences of shortagesand干旱droughts arecausing famineand distressin someareas,and industrialand agriculturalby-products arepollutingwater supplies.Since the worldpopulation isexpectedto doublein the next50years,many expertsthinkwe areon theedge ofa widespreadwater crisis.But thatdoesnt have to be the outcome.Watershortages donot haveto troublethe world—if westartvaluing watermore thanwe havein the past.Just aswebegan toappreciate petroleummore after the1970s oilcrises,today wemust startlooking atwater from a fresheconomicperspective.We canno longerafford toconsiderwater avirtually freeresource ofwhich we canuse asmuch aswe likein anyway wewant.Instead,for alluses exceptthe domesticdemand ofthe poor,governments shouldprice waterto reflectitsactual value.This meanscharging afee for the wateritself as wellas for the supplycosts.Governments shouldalso protectthis resourcebyproviding waterin moreeconomically andenvironmentallysound ways.For example,often the（浇灌）cheapest wayto provideirrigation waterin thedrytropics isthrough small-scale projects,such as凹地gathering rainfall in depressionsand pumpingit tonearbycropland.No matterwhat stepsgovernments taketo providewatermore efficiently,they mustchange theirinstitutionaland legalapproaches towater sue.Ratherthan spreadcontrol amonghundreds oreven thousandsoflocal,regional,and nationalagencies thatwatchvarious aspects of wateruse,countries shouldset upcentralauthorities to coordinate waterpolicy.
21.What is the realcause of thepotentialwatercrisisA Theworld populationis increasingfaster andfaster.B Halfof the worlds waterresources have beenseriously polluted.C Humanityhas notplaced sufficientvalue onwaterresources.D Onlyhalf of the worldswater canbe used.
22.As indicatedin the passage,the waterproblemAhasbeenexaggerated by some expertsin thefieldBis underestimatedby governmentorganizationsat differentlevelsC posesa challengetothetechnology ofbuildingreservoirsD isalready seriousin certain parts of theworld
23.According tothe author,thewaterpriceshouldA correspondto itsreal valueBbe reducedtotheminimumC stimulatedomestic demandDtake into account theoccurrencesofdroughts
24.The authorsays that in somehot anddry areasitis advisable to.A buildbig lakesto storewaterB constructbig pumpingstationsC channelwater fromnearby riversto croplandDbuild smalland cheapirrigation systems
1.1In ordertoraisethe efficiencyof thewatersupply,measures should be takento.A centralizethe managementof waterresourcesB increasethe senseof responsibilityof agenciesat all levelsCguarantee fullprotection of the environmentDencourage localand regionalcontrol ofwater resourcesPassageFourWe cansee howthe product life cycleworks bylookingat theintroduction ofinstant coffee.When it wasintroduced,most peopledid notlike it as wellas“regu la「coffee,and it took severalyears togain generalacceptanceintroduction stage.At onepoint,though,instant coffeegrew rapidlyin popularity,and manybrandswere introducedstage ofrapid growth.After awhile,people becameattached toone brandand salesleveledoff stageof maturity.Sales wentinto aslight衰退decline whenfreeze-dried coffeeswereintroduced stageof decline.The importanceof theproduct lifecycle tomarketersis this:Different stagesin theproductlifecyclecall fordifferent strategies.The goalis toextend productlifeso thatsales andprofits donot decline.One strategyis called marketmodification.It meansthat marketingmanagerslook for new usersand marketsections.Didyou know,for example,that thebackpacks thatso manystudentscarry todaywere originallydesigned for themilitaryMarket modificationalso meanssearching forincreasedusage amongpresent customersor goingfor adifferentmarket,such assenior citizens.A marketermayre-position theproduct toappeal tonew marketsections.Another productextension strategyiscalledproductmodification.It involveschanging product quality,features,or styleto attractnew usersor moreusagefrom presentusers.American automanufacturers areusingquality improvementas onewaytorecaptureworld markets.Note,also,how automanufacturers oncechangedstyles dramaticallyfrom yearto yearto keepdemandfrom falling.
26.According tothe passage,when peoplegrowfond of one particularbrand ofa product,its saleswillA decreasegraduallyB remain at the same levelCbecome unstableDimprove enormously
27.The firstparagraph tellsus that a newproductis■A noteasily acceptedbythepublicB ofteninferior toold onesat firstCoften more expensive thanold onesDusually introducedto satisfydifferent tastes
28.Marketers needto knowwhich of the fourstagesa productis insoasto.A promoteits productionBwork outmarketing policiesCspeed upits lifecycleD increaseits popularity
29.The authormentions theexampleof“backpacks”Line4,Para.2toshow theimportanceofA pleasingthe youngas wellastheoldB increasingusage amongstudentsC exploringnew marketsectionsD servingboth militaryand civilneeds
30.1n orderto recover their shareof theworldmarket,U.S.auto makersare.A improvingproductqualitylistingyourcurrent ormostrecent experiencefirst.Most countrieshavepreferences aboutwhich formatis mostacceptable.If youfind nospecific guidelines,the generalpreferenceis forthe reverse-chronological format.”•If youare submittingyour resumein English,find收件人out ifthe recipientuses BritishEnglish orAmericanEnglish because there arevariations betweenthetwo versions.For example,university educationisoften referredto as/tertiary educationin the UnitedKingdom,but thisterm is almost neverused in theUnited States.A readerwho isunfamiliar withthesevariations mayassume thatyour resumecontains errors.
21.Companies arehiring moreforeign employeesbecause.A theyfind foreignemployees areusually moretalentedB they needoriginal ideasfrom employeeshiredoverseasC theywant toexpand theirbusiness beyondhomebordersB increasingproduct featuresCmodernizing productstyleD re-positioning theirproduct in the marketUnit5ll.C
12.B
13.A
14.B
15.D
16.A
17.C
18.B
19.A
20.C
21.D
22.A
23.C
24.C
25.B
26.D
27.D
28.A
29.B
30.A年月英语四级阅读备考全真试题⑷20xx12Unit4Passage OneDogsare socialanimals andwithout propertraining,theywillbehave likewild animals.They willsoil yourhouse,destroy yourbelongings,bark excessively,fightother dogsand evenbite you.Nearly allbehaviorproblems areperfectly normaldog activitiesthat occuratthe wrongtime orplace or are directedatthe wrongthing.The keyto preventingor treatingbehaviorproblems islearning toteach the dog toredirect itsnormal behavior tooutlets thatare acceptablein thedomesticsetting.One ofthe bestthings youcan dofor your dogand yourselfis toobedience trainit.Obedience trainingdoesntsolve allbehavior problems,butit is thefoundationfor solvingjust aboutany problem.Trainingpens upa lineof communicationbetween youand yourdog.Effective communicationis necessaryto instructyourdog aboutwhat youwant itto do.Training isalso aneasy wayto establishthe socialrankorder.When yourdog obeysa simplerequest of“come here,sit,it isshowing obedienceand respectforyou.It isnot necessaryto establishyourself astop dogor（群）leader ofthe packby usingextreme measure.You（从属的）can teachyourdogits subordinaterole byteachingittoshow submissiontoyou.Most dogsloveperforming tricks for youto pleasantlyaccept thatyouare in charge.Training should be funand rewardingfor youandyour dog.It canenrich yourrelationship andmake livingtogethermore enjoyable.A well-trained dogis moreconfidentand canmore safelybe alloweda greateramountof freedomthan anuntrained animal.
21.Behavior problemsof dogsare believeto）Abejust part of theirnature）B worsenin modernsociety）C occurwhen theygo wild）D presenta threattothecommunity
22.The primarypurpose ofobedience trainingis toAteach the dog to perform clevertricksB makethe dogawareof its ownersauthorityC provide thedogwith outletsfor itswild behaviorDenable thedog toregain itsnormalbehavior
23.Effective communicationbetween adog and itsowner is.A essentialto solvingthe dogsbehavior problemsBthe foundationfor dogstoperformtasksC agood waytoteachthedognew tricksDan extrememeasure inobedience training
24.Why dopet dogslove performingtricksfortheirmastersA Toavoid beingpunished.B Toshow theiraffection fortheir masters.C Towin leadershipofthedog pack.D Toshow theirwillingness toobey.
25.When adog hasreceived effectiveobediencetraining,its owner.A cangive thedog morerewardsB willenjoy abetter familylifeC cangive thedog morefreedomD will have moreconfidence inhimselfPassage TwoEngineeringstudents aresupposed to be examplesof practicality andrationality,but whenit comes to mycollegeeducation Iam anidealist anda fool.In highschoolI wantedto be an electricalengineer and,ofcourse,any sensible student withmy aimswould havechosena collegewith alarge engineeringdepartment,famous reputationand lotsof goodlabs andresearchequipment.But thatsnot whatI did.I chose to study engineering ata smallliberal-arts文科university thatdoesnt evenoffer amajor inelectricalengineering.Obviously,this was not apracticalchoice;!came herefor morenoble reasons.I wantedabroad educationthat wouldprovide mewith flexibilityanda valuesystem toguide mein mycareer.I wantedto openmy eyesand expandmy visionbyinteracting withpeoplewhowerent studyingscience orengineering.My parents,teachers andother adultspraisedmeforsuch asensible choice.They toldme I waswise andmature beyondmy18years,and Ibelievedthem.I headedoff tocollege sureI wasgoing to have anadvantageover thosestudents whowent tobigengineering^factories^where theydidnt careif youhavevalues orwere flexible.Iwasgoing to beacomplete（人文engineer:technical geniusand sensitivehumanist学者）allinone.Now Imnot sosure.Somewhere alongthe waymynoble idealscrashed intoreality,as allnoble idealseventuallydo.After threeyearsofstruggling tobalancemath,physics andengineering courseswith liberal-artscourses,I havelearned thereare reasonswhy few（协调）engineering studentstry toreconcile engineeringwithliberal-arts coursesin college.The realitythat hasblocked mypath to become thetypicalsuccessful student is thatengineering and theliberal artssimply dontmixas easilyas Iassumed inhighschool.Individually theyshape aperson invery differentways;together theythreaten toconfuse.The struggletoreconcile thetwo fieldsof studyis difficult.
26.The authorchoseto studyengineeringatasmallliberal-arts universitybecause he.A wantedto bean exampleofpracticalityandrationalityB intended to bea combinationof engineerandhumanistC wantedtocoordinateengineering withliberal-arts coursesin collegeDintended to beasensiblestudentwith nobleideals
27.According tothe author,by interactingwithpeople whostudy liberalarts,engineering studentscanA balanceengineering and the liberal artsB receiveguidance in their careersCbecome nobleidealistsD broadentheir horizons
28.ln the eyes ofthe author,a successfulengineeringstudentisexpected.A to have anexcellent academicrecordB tobe wiseand matureCtobeimaginative with a valuesystem toguidehimD tobeatechnical genius with awide vision
29.The authorsexperience showsthat hewasA creativeBambitiousC unrealisticDirrationalr/
30.The wordtheyin...together theythreaten toconfuse.”Line3,Para.5refers to•A engineeringand theliberalartsBreality andnoble idealsCflexibility anda valuesystemD practicalityand rationalityPassageThreePriscilla Ouchidas^energy-efficienthouse turnedouttobea horribledream.When sheandherengineerhusband marrieda fewyears ago,they builta$100,000,three-bedroom homein California.Tightly sealed toprevent airleaks,thehousewas equippedwith small（双层玻璃的）double-paned windowsandseveralotherenergy-saving features.Problems beganas soonas thecouplemoved in,however.Priscilla/s eyesburned.Herthroat wasconstantly dry.She sufferedfrom headachesand could hardlysleep.It wasas thoughshe hadsuddenlydeveloped astrange illness.Experts finallytraced thecause of her illness.The（甲醛）level offormaldehydegas inher kitchenwas twicethemaximum allowedby federalstandards forchemicalworkers.The sourceofthegasHer newkitchen cabinetsandwall-to-wall carpeting.The Ouchidasare victimsof indoorair pollution,which isnot givensufficient attentionpartly becauseofthe nationsdrive tosave energy.The problemitself isntnew.The indoorenvironmentwas dirtylong beforeenergy conservationcamealong,“says Moschandreas,a pollutionscientist atGeometTechnologies inMaryland.“Energy conservationhastendedtoaccentuate thesituation insome cases./zThe problemappears tobe moretroublesome innewlyconstructed homesrather thanold ones.Back inthe dayswhenenergy wascheap,home buildersdidnt worrymuchabout unsealedcracks.Because ofsuch leaks,theair in an averagehome wasreplaced byfresh outdoorairabout oncean hour.As aresult,the pollutantsgeneratedin mosthouseholds seldombuild up to dangerouslevels.
31.1t canbe learnedfrom the passage that theOuchidashouse.A iswell worththe moneyspent onits constructionBisalmostfaultless from the pointof energyconservationCfailed tomeet energyconservationstandardsD wasdesigned andconstructed in a scientificway
32.What madethe OuchidasnewhouseahorribledreamA Lackof freshair.B Poorqualityofbuilding materials.C Gasleakage inthe kitchen.D Thenewly paintedwalls.
33.The wordaccentuate”Line4,Para.3mostprobably means”•A relieveBaccelerateC worsenDimprove
34.Why werecracks inold housesnot abigconcernA Because indoor cleanlinesswasnotemphasized.B Becauseenergy used tobeinexpensive.ecause environmentalprotection wasgiven topCpriority.D Becausethey weretechnically unavoidable.
35.This passageis mostprobably takenfrom anarticleentitledA EnergyConservationB HousesBuilding CrisisC Air PollutionIndoorsD Trapsin BuildingConstructionPassage FourIn1993New YorkState orderedstores tocharge a饮料deposit onbeverage containers.Within ayear.Consumers hadreturned millionsof aluminumcansD they have difficultyfinding qualifiedpersonnel athome
22.The authorbelieves thatan individualwhoapplies to work overseas.A isusually creativeand fullof initiativeBaims toimprove hisforeign languageskillsC isdissatisfied withhis ownlife athomeD seekseither his own orhis childrensdevelopment
23.When itcomestoresume writing,it isbesttoA takecultural factorsinto considerationBlearnabout the companyshiring processCfollow appropriateguidelines forjob huntingDknow theemployers personallikes anddislikes
24.When writingabout qualifications,applicants areadvisedto.A stress their academicpotential toimpress thedecisionmakerB givethe titleoftheuniversity degreethey haveearnedat homeCprovide adetailed descriptionof theirstudyand glassand plastic bottles.Plenty of companieswere eagerto acceptthe aluminumand glassas rawmaterialsfornewproducts.But becausefew couldfigureoutwhatto do withtheplastic,much ofit（垃圾填埋场）wound upburied inlandfills・Theproblem wasnot limitedto New York.Unfortunately,there weretoo fewuses forsecond-hand plastic.Today,one outof fiveplastic soda bottles isrecycled（回收利用）inthe United States.The reasonfor thechangeis thatnow thereare dozensofcompaniesacrossthe countrybuying discarded plastic sodabottles andturningthem intofence posts,paint brushes,etc.As theNew Yorkexperience shows,recyclinginvolves morethan simplyseparating valuablematerialsfrom therest ofthe rubbish.A discardremains adiscarduntil somebodyfigures outhowtogive ita secondlife-and untileconomic arrangementsexist togive thatsecondlife value.Without adequatemarkets toabsorbmaterials collectedfor recycling,throwaways actuallydepressprices forused materials.Shrinking landfillspace,and risingcosts forburyingand burningrubbish areforcing localgovernmentsto look more closelyat recycling.In manyareas,theEast Coastespecially,recycling isalready theleastexpensive waste-management option.For everytonof wasterecycled,a cityavoids payingfor itsdisposal,which,inpartsof NewYork,amounts tosavingof morethan$100per ton.Recycling alsostimulatesthelocaleconomy bycreating jobsandtrims thepollution controlandenergycosts ofindustriesthat makerecycled productsby givingthema morerefined rawmaterial.
36.What regulationwas issuedby NewYork Stateconcerningbeverage containersABeverage companiesshouldberesponsible forcollectingand reusingdiscardedplasticsodabottles.B Throwawaysshouldbecollected bythe stateforrecycling.C Afee shouldbe chargedon usedcontainers forrecycling.D Consumershadtopay forbeverage containersandcould gettheir moneyback onreturning them.
37.The returnedplasticbottlesin NewYorkused to.A endup somewhereundergroundB beturned intoraw materialsChave asecond-life valueDbe separatedfrom otherrubbish
38.The keyproblem indealing withreturned plasticbeveragecontainers is.A tosell themataprofitable priceBhowtoturn theminto usefulthingsC howtoreducetheir recyclingcostsD tolower theprices forused materials
39.Recycling ahsbecome thefirst choicefor thedisposalof rubbishbecause.A localgovernments findit easyto manageBrecycling ahsgreat appealforthejoblessC recyclingcauses littlepollutionD othermethods are moreexpensive
40.1t canbe concludedfrom the passage that）A rubbishisapotential remedyfortheshortageof rawmaterials）B localgovernments inthe U.S.can expectbigprofits fromrecycling）C recyclingis tobe recommendedbotheconomically andenvironmentally）D landfillswill stillbe widelyused forwastedisposalUnit
421.C
22.D
23.D
24.A
25.B
26.C
27.A
28.B
29.D
30.B
31.D
32.A
33.A
34.D
35.B
36.C
37.D
38.C
39.B年月英语四级阅读备考全真试题⑶
40.A20xx12Unit3Passage OneLongafterthe1998World Cupwas won,disappointed fanswere stillcursing thedisputed（裁判）refereeing decisionsthat deniedvictory to theirteam.A researcherwas appointedtostudytheperformance ofsome topreferees.The researcherorganized anexperimental（锦标赛）tournament involvingfour youthteams.Eachmatch lastedan hour,divided intothree periodsof20minutes duringwhich differentreferees wereincharge.Observers noteddown the refereeserrors,of whichtherewere61overthetournament.Converted toastandard matchof90minutes,each refereemade almost23mistakes,a remarkablyhigh number.The researcherthen studiedthe videotapestoanalyse thematches indetail.Surprisingly,he found thaterrors weremore likely when the referees wereclose tothe incident.When theofficials gotit right,they were,onaverage,17meters awayfrom theaction.The averagedistanceinthecaseoferrors was12meters.The（最佳的）research showsthe optimum・distance isabout20meters.There alsoseemed tobeanoptimum speed.Correctdecisions camewhen thereferees weremoving ataspeed ofabout2meters persecond.The averagespeedfor errorswas4meters persecond.If FIFA,footballs internationalruling body,wants toimprovethe standard of refereeingatthenext WorldCup,it shouldencourage refereesto keeptheir eyesonthe actionfrom adistance,rather thanrushing to keepup withthe ball,the researcherargues.He alsosays thatFIFAs insistencethat refereesshouldretire atage45may bemisguided.If keepingupwiththeaction isnot soimportant,their physicalconditionis lesscritical.
21.The experimentconducted bythe researcherwasmeant to.A reviewthe decisionsof refereesatthe1998World CupBanalyse thecauses oferrors madeby footballrefereesCseta standard forfootball refereeingDreexamine therules forfootball refereeing
22.The number of refereeingerrorsintheexperimental matcheswas.A slightlyabove averageBhigher than inthe1998World CupCquite unexpectedDas highas in astandardmatch
23.The findingsoftheexperiment showthatA errorsare more likely whena refereekeeps closetothe ballBthe fartherthereferee is from theincident,thefewer theerrorsC themore slowlytherefereeruns,the morelikelywill errorsoccurD errorsare lesslikelywhena refereestays inonespot
24.The wordofficialsLine2,Para.4mostprobably refersto.A the researchers involved intheexperimentB theinspectors ofthe footballtournamentC thereferees ofthe footballtournamentD theobservers atthe siteoftheexperiment
25.What isone ofthe possibleconclusions oftheexperimentA The ideal retirementage for an experiencedfootball refereeis45B Ageshouldnotbe thechief considerationinchoosing afootball referee.CAfootballrefereeshouldbeas youngandenergetic aspossible.D Anexperienced footballreferee cando wellevenwhen inpoor physicalcondition.Passage TwoWhilestill inits earlystages,welfare reformhasalready beenjudged a great successin manystates-atleast ingetting peopleoff welfare.Its estimatedthatmore than2million peoplehave leftthe rollssince
1994.In thepast fouryears,welfare rollsin AthensCountryhavebeencut inhalf.ut70percent ofthepeople wholeft inthepasttow yearstook jobsthat paidlessthan$6an hour.The result:The AthensCountypoverty ratestill remainsat morethan30percent-twicethe nationalaverage.（代言人）For advocatesforthepoor,thats anindicationmuch moreneeds tobe done.“More people are gettingjobs,but itsnot makingtheirlives anybetter,“says KathyLairn,a policyanalystat theCenter onBudget andPolicy PrioritiesinWashington.A centeranalysis ofUS Censusdata nationwidefound that between1995and1996,a greaterpercentageof single,female-headed householdswere earningmoneyon their own,but thataverage incomefor thesehouseholdsactually wentdown.But formany,the factthat poorpeopleareable tosupportthemselves almostas wellwithout governmentaidas theydid with itis in itselfa hugevictory.毒素“Welfare wasa poison.It wasa toxinthatwas poisoningthe family,“says RobertRector,aZ/welfare-reform policyanalyst.The reformin changingthemoral climatein low-income communities.Its道德观,beginning torebuild thework ethicwhich ismuchmore important.Mr.Rector andothers arguedthat once“the habitofdependency iscracked/then thecountry canmakeother policychanges aimedat improvingliving standards.
26.From the passage,it canbe seenthat the author.A believesthe reformhas reducedthegovernments burdenBinsists thatwelfare reformis doinglittle goodforthe poorCis overenthusiasticabout thesuccess ofwelfarereformD considerswelfare reformto befundamentallysuccessful
27.Why arentpeople enjoyingbetter liveswhenthey have jobsABecause manyfamilies aredivorced.B Becausegovernment aidis nowrare.ecause theirwages arelow.CD Becausethe costof livingis rising.
28.What isworth notingfrom theexample ofAthensCounty is that.A greaterefforts shouldbe madeto improvepeople/s livingstandardsB70percent ofthe peoplethere havebeenemployed fortwo yearsC50percent ofthe populationnolongerrelies onwelfareD the livingstandards of most peopleare goingdown
29.From the passage we know thatwelfare reformaimsat.A savingwelfare fundsBrebuilding thework ethicCproviding morejobsD cuttinggovernment expensesandwork experiencesDhighlight theirkeen interestin pursuingacross-border career
25.According tothe authorslast pieceof advice,theapplicants shouldbe awareof.A thedifferent educationalsystems inthe USandthe UKBthe differencesbetween thevarieties ofEnglishCthe recipientspreference withregard totheformatD thedistinctive featuresof Americanand BritishculturesPassageTwoEducating girlsquite possiblyyields ahigher rateofreturn thanany otherinvestment availablein thedevelopingworld.Womens educationmay beunusualterritory foreconomists,but enhancingwomenscontribution todevelopment isactually asmuch aneconomicasasocial issue.And economics,with its激励，emphasis onincentives providesguideposts thatpointtoanexplanation forwhy somany girlsaredeprived ofan education.
30.According tothepassagebefore thewelfarereform wascarried out,.A thepoverty ratewas loverBaverage livingstandards werehigherC theaverage workerwas paidhigher wagesDthepoorusedtorely ongovernment aidPassageThreeAmericans arepound of their varietyandindividuality,yet theylove andrespect fewthings morethana uniform,whether itistheuniform ofan elevatoroperatorortheuniform ofa five-star general.Why areuniformsso popularintheUnited StatesAmongthe argumentsfor uniforms,one ofthe firstisthat intheeyesofmostpeople theylook more百姓的professional than civilian clothes.People havebecomeconditioned toexpect superiorquality fromaman whowears a uniform.The televisionrepairman whowearsuniform tendsto inspiremore trustthan onewhoappears in civilian clothes.Faith intheskillofagaragemechanic isincreased bya uniform.What easierway isthereforanurse,a policeman,a barber,orawaiter to身份lose professionalidentity thanto stepout ofuniformUniforms also havemany practical benefits.Theysave onother clothes.They saveon laundrybills.They（可减税的）.are tax-deductible Theyareoftenmorecomfortable andmore durablethancivilian clothes.Primary amongthe argumentsagainst uniformsistheir lackof varietyandtheconsequent lossofindividuality experiencedby peoplewho mustwear them.Though thereare manytypes ofuniforms,the wearerofany particulartype isgenerally stuckwithit,withoutchange,until retirement.When peoplelook alike,theytend tothink,speak,and actsimilarly,onthejob at least.Uniformsalsogive riseto somepractical problems.Though they are long-lasting,often theirinitial expenseisgreater thanthe costof civilianclothes.Some uniformsarealso expensiveto maintain,requiring professionaldrycleaning ratherthanthe home launderingpossible withmanytypes ofcivilianclothes.
31.lt issurprising thatAmericans whoworshipvariety andindividuality.）A stilljudge a man byhis clothesBhold theuniform insuch highregardC enjoyhaving a professional identityDwill respectan elevatoroperator asmuch asageneral inuniform
32.People areaccustomed tothink thatamaninuniform.A suggestsquality workBdiscards hissocial identityCappears tobe morepracticalD lookssuperior toapersonincivilianclothes
33.The chieffunction ofauniformisto.A providepracticalbenefitstothe wearerB makethewearercatch thepubic eyeCinspire thewearer/s confidencein himselfDprovidethewearer withaprofessionalidentity
34.According tothepassage,people wearinguniforms.A areusually helpfulBhave littleor noindividual freedomCtend tolose theirindividualityD enjoygreater popularity
35.The besttitle forthis passagewould beAUniforms andSocietyB TheImportance ofWearing aUniformC PracticalBenefits ofWearing aUniformD Advantagesand Disadvantagesof UniformsPassageFourSince weare socialbeings,the qualityof ourlivesdepends inlarge measureon ourinterpersonalrelationships.One strengthofthehuman conditionis ourtendencytogiveand receivesupport fromone anotherunderstressful circumstances.Social supportconsists oftheexchange ofresources amongpeople basedon theirinterpersonalties.Those ofuswith strong supportsystemsappear betterable to copewithmajor life困难.changes anddaily hasslesPeoplewithstrongsocial tieslive longerand havebetterhealth thanthose withoutsuch ties.Studies overa rangeof illnesses,from depressiontoheartdisease,reveal that挡the presenceof socialsupport helpspeople fend off开illness,andtheabsence ofsuch supportmakes poorhealthmore likely.Social supportcushions stressin anumber ofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workers maylet usknowthat theyvalue us.Our self-respect isstrengthened whenwefeel acceptedby othersdespite our faults anddifficulties.Second,other peopleoften provideus withinformationalsupport.They helpus todefine andunderstandour problemsandfindsolutions tothem.Third,we typicallyfind socialcompanionship supportive.Engaging inleisure-time activities with othershelps ustomeet oursocial needswhile atthesametime distracting转移？？留意力us from our worriesand troubles.Finally,otherpeoplemay giveus instrumentalsupport—financial aid,material resources,and neededservices—that reducesstress byhelping usresolve andcopewith ourproblems.
1.1lnterpersonal relationshipsare importantbecause.A they are indispensableto peoplessocialwell-beingB theyawaken peoplesdesire toexchangeresourcesC theyhelp peopletocopewith lifein theinformationeraD theycan curea rangeofillnessessuch asheartdisease,etc
37.Research showsthat peoplesphysical andmentalhealth.A reliesonthesocial welfaresystems whichsupportthemB hasmuch to dowiththe amountof supporttheyget fromothersC dependson theirability todeal withdaily worriesandtroublesD isclosely relatedtotheirstrength forcoping withmajorchanges intheirlives
38.Which ofthe followingis closestin meaningtothe wordcushions”Line1,Para.2A Addsup to.B Doesaway with.C Lessensthe effect of.D Laysthe foundationfor.
39.Helping asick neighborwith somerepair workisan exampleof.A instrumentalsupportB informationalsupportC socialcompanionshipD thestrengthening ofself-respect
40.Social companionshipis beneficialin thatAit helpsstrengthen ourtieswithrelativesB itenables usto eliminateourfaultsand mistakesCit makesour leisure-time activitiesmoreenjoyableD itdraws ourattention awayfromourworries andtroublesUnit
321.B
22.C
23.A
24.C
25.B
26.D
27.C
28.A
29.B
30.D
31.B
32.A
33.D
34.C
35.D
36.A
37.B
38.C
39.A
40.D年月英语四级阅读备考全真试题⑵20xx12Unit2Passage OneUnlesswe spendmoney tospot and prevent小行星asteroids now,one mightcrash intoEarth anddestroylife asweknowit,say somescientists.流Asteroids arebigger versionsofthemeteoroids星that raceacross the night sky.Most orbitthe sunfarfrom Earthand don/t threatenus.But thereare alsothousandsof asteroidswhose orbitsput themon acollisioncourse withEarth.Buy$50million worthof newtelescopes rightnow.Then spend$10million ayear forthenext25years tolocatemost ofthe spacerocks.By the time wespot afatalone,the scientists say,well havea wayto changeitscourse.Some scientistsfavor pushing asteroids off coursewith nuclear weapons.utthecost wouldntbe cheap.Is itworth itTwothings expertsconsider whenjudgingany riskre:lHow likelythe eventis;and2Howbad theconsequences ifthe eventoccurs.Experts thinkanasteroid bigenoughtodestroy lotsof lifemight strikeEarthonce every500,000years.Sounds prettyrare-butz/if onedid fall,it wouldbetheendoftheworld.lf wedonttake careof thesebig asteroids,theyll takecare ofus,“says onescientist.Its thatsimple.The cure,though,might beworse thanthe disease.Do wereally wantfleets ofnuclearweaponssittingz/around onEarth Theworld has less tofear from毁灭性的doomsday rocksthan fromagreatnuclearfleet setagainst them,said aNewYorkTimes article.
21.What doesthepassagesay aboutasteroids andmeteoroidsATheyare heavenly bodiesdifferent incomposition.B Theyareheavenlybodies similarin nature.C Thereare moreasteroids thanmeteoroids.D Asteroidsaremoremysterious thanmeteoroids.
22.What doscientists say about thecollision ofanasteroid withEarthA Itis very unlikely but the dangerexists.B Sucha collisionmight occuronce every25years.C Collisionsof smallerasteroids withEarth occurmore often thanexpected.D Itsstill tooearly tosay whethersuch a collisionmight occur.
23.What dopeople thinkofthesuggestion ofusingnuclear weaponsto alterthe coursesof asteroidsAIt soundspractical butitmaynot solvetheproblem.B It may createmore problemsthan itmightsolve.C Itisawaste ofmoney becauseacollision ofasteroids withEarth isveryunlikely.D Furtherresearch shouldbe donebefore itisproved applicable.
24.We canconclude from thepassage thatA whilepushingasteroidsoffcoursenuclearweapons woulddestroytheworldB asteroidsracing across thenightsky arelikely tohitEarth inthe nearfutureC theworryaboutasteroids canbe leftto futuregenerationssince itis unlikelyto happenin ourlifetimeD workablesolutions stillhavetobe foundtoprevent acollisionofasteroids withEarth
25.Which ofthe followingbest describestheauthors tonein thispassageA Optimistic.B Critical.C Objective.D Arbitrary.Parents inlow-income countriesfail toinvest intheirdaughters because they donot expectthem tomakeaneconomiccontribution tothe family:girls growuponly tomarry intosomebody elsesfamily andbearchildren.Girls arethus seenasless valuable than boysand artkept athome todo houseworkwhile their（预言）brothers aresent toschool-the prophecybecomes self-fulfilling,trapping womenin a vicious circle（恶性循环）of neglect.An educatedmother,ontheother hand,has greaterearningabilities outsidethehomeand facesan entirelydifferentset ofchoices.She islikelytohave fewer buthealthier childrenand caninsist onthe developmentofall herchildren,ensuring thather daughtersare givenafair chance.The educationofherdaughters thenmakesit muchmore likelythat thenext generationof girls,aswell asof boys,willbeeducated andhealthy.The viciouscircleis thustransformed intoa virtuous circle.Few willdispute thateducating womenhas greatsocial benefits.But ithas enormouseconomicadvantages aswell.Most obviously,thereisthe directPassageTwo（错觉）Believe itor not,optical illusioncan cuthighwaycrashes.Japan isa casein point.It hasreduced automobilecrasheson someroads bynearly75percent usinga（人simple optical illusion.Bent stripes,called chevrons字形），painted onthe roadsmake driversthink thattheyare driving faster than they reallyare,and thusdriversslow down.Now the American Automobile AssociationFoundation for Traffic Safetyin WashingtonD.C.isplanning torepeat Japanssuccess.Starting nextyear,the foundationwill paintchevrons andother patternsofstripes onselected roadsaround thecountry totest howwellthe patternsreduce highwaycrashes.Excessive speedplays amajor rolein asmuch asonefifth ofall fataltraffic accidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreduce thoseaccidents,thefoundation willconduct itstests inareas wherespeed-related hazardsare thegreatest—curves,exitslopes,traffic circles,and bridges.Some studiessuggest thatstraight,horizontal barspainted across roadscan initiallycut theaveragespeed ofdrivers inhalf.However,traffic oftenreturnsto fullspeed withinmonths asdriversbecome usedto seeingthe paintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygive driverstheimpression thattheyaredrivingfaster thantheyreallyare butalso makea laneappear tobe narrower.Theresult isa longerlasting reductionin highwaysped andthe numberoftraffic accidents.
26.The passagemainly discusses.A a new wayof highwayspeed controlBa newpattern forpainting highwaysCanewapproach totraining driversDanewtype ofopticalillusion
27.On roadspainted withchevrons,drivers tend tofeel that.A theyshould avoidspeed-related hazardsBtheyaredriving inthewronglaneC theyshould slowdown theirspeedD theyare approachingthe speedlimitE.The advantageof chevronsover straight,horizontal barsisthatthe formerAcan keepdrivers awakeBcan cutroad accidentsin halfCwillhavealongereffectondriversD willlookmoreattractive
29.The AmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafety plansto.A tryouttheJapanese methodin certainareasB changethe roadsigns acrossthe countryCreplace straight,horizontal barswith chevronsDrepeat theJapanese roadpatterns
30.What doesthe authorsay aboutstraight,horizontal barspaintedacrossroadsA Theyare fallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.B Theytend tobe ignoredby driversinashortperiod oftime.C Theyare applicableonly onbroad roads.D Theycannot beapplied successfullyto trafficcircles.PassageThree美国铁路客运公司Amtrak wasexperiencing a客运量downswing inridership alongthe linescomprisingits railsystem.Of majorconcern toAmtrakand itsadvertising agencyDDB Needham,were thelong-distance westernroutes whereridership hadbeendeclining significantly.]At onetime,trains werethe onlypracticalwaytocrossthevast areasofthe west.Trainswere fast,very luxurious,and quiteconvenient comparedtoother formsof transportationexisting atthetime.However,times changeandthe automobile becameAmericasstandardof convenience.Also,air travelhadeasily establisheditselfasthe fastestmethod oftravelinggreat distances.Therefore,the taskfor DDBNeedhamwas toencourage consumers toconsiderother aspects oftrain travel in orderto changetheir attitudesandincrease thelikelihood thattrains wouldbe consideredfortravelinthewest.Two portionsofthetotal marketweretargeted:lanxious fliers-those concernedwith safety,relaxation,and cleanlinessand2travel-lovers-thoseviewing themselvesas relaxed,casual,and interested inthe travelexperience as partoftheir vacation.Theagency thendeveloped acampaign thatfocused ontravelexperiences such as freedom,escape,relaxation,and enjoymentofthegreat westernoutdoors.It stressedexperiencesgained byusing thetrains andportrayedwestern traintrips aswonderful adventures.Advertisements showedpictures ofthe beautifulscenerythat couldbe enjoyed along some ofthemorefamous westernroutes andemphasized theromanticnames ofsomeofthese trainsEmpire Builder,etc..These ads were strategicallyplaced amongfamily-oriented TVshows andprograms involvingnatureand Americain orderto mosteffectively reachtargetaudiences.Results wereimpressive.The EmpireBuilder,which wasfocused oninonead,enjoyeda15percentincrease inprofits onits Chicagoto Seattleroute.3LWhats the authorspurposeinwritingthispassageA Toshowtheinability of trains tocompete withplaneswith respectto speedand convenience.B Tostresstheinfluence oftheautomobileonAmericas standardofconvenience.C Toemphasize thefunctionoftravel agenciesinmarket promotion.D Toillustrate theimportant roleof persuasivecommunicationin changingconsumer attitudes.
32.1tcanbe inferredfrom thepassage thatthedrop inAmtrak ridershipwas duetothefact thatAtrains werenot suitablefor shortdistancepassenger transportationBtrains werenot thefastest andmost convenientformof transportationCtrains werenot asfast andconvenient astheyused tobeD trainscould notcompete withplanes interms ofluxuryand convenience
33.To encourageconsumerstotravel bytrain,DDBNeedham emphasized.A thefreedom andconvenience providedon trainsBthe practicalaspectsoftrain travelCthe adventurousaspectsoftrain tripsDthe safetyand cleanlinessoftraintrips
34.The trainadswereplaced amongfamily-oriented TVprograms involvingnature andAmericabecause.A theycould focuson meaningfultravelexperiencesB theycould increasethe effectivenessoftheTVprogramsC theirprofits couldbe increasedbysome15percentD mosttravel-lovers andnervous flierswerebelieved tobe amongthe audiences
35.According tothepassage,the EmpireBuilderenjoyed anincrease inridership andprofits becauseAthe attractivenessofitsname androute waseffectivelyadvertisedB itprovided anexciting travelexperienceC itspassengers couldenjoy thegreat westernoutdoorsDitwaswidely advertisedin newspapersandmagazines inChicago andSeattlePassage FourWhydoes cramgo badfasterthanbutterSomeresearchers thinktheyhavethe answer,anditcomesdown tothe structureofthe food,not itschemicalcomposition-a findingthat couldhelp ridsome processedfoodsof chemicalpreservatives.Cream andbutter containpretty muchthe samesubstances,so whycream shouldsour muchfaster has（小球been a mystery.Both areemulsions-tiny globules体）ofoneliquid evenlydistributed throughoutanother.The differencelies inwhats inthe globulesand whatsinthe surroundingliquid,says Brocklehurst,who ledtheinvestigation.In cream,fatty globulesdrift aboutina sea ofwater.In butter,globules ofa waterysolution arelocked awayinaseaof fat.The bacteriawhich makethefoodgo badZ/prefer tolive inthe wateryregions ofthe mixture.Thismeans thatin cream,the bacteriaare freeto growthroughoutthe mixture,he says.When thesituation isreversed,the bacteriaare（隔仓室）locked awayin compartmentsburied deepinthe seaof fat.Trapped in this way,individual colonies（养料）.cannot spreadand rapidlyrun outof nutrientsTheyalso slowlypoison themselveswith theirwastez/products.ln butter,you geta self-limiting systemwhich,zstops thebacteria growing,says Brocklehurst.The researchersare alreadyworking withfoodcompanies keento seeif theirproducts canbe maderesistantto bacterialattack throughalterations tothefoods structure.Brocklehurst believesit willbe possibletomaketheemulsions usedin saladcream,for instance,morelikethatin butter.The keywillbetodothis whilekeepingthe saladcream liquidand notturning it into asolidlump.
36.The significanceof Brocklehurstsresearch isthatAit suggesteda waytokeepsome foodsfreshwithout preservativesBit discoveredtiny globulesin bothcream andbutterCit revealedthe secretof howbacteria multiplyincream andbutterD itfoundthatcream andbutter sharethe samechemicalcomposition
37.According totheresearchers,cream soursfastthan butterbecause bacteria.A aremore evenlydistributed in creamB multiplymore easilyincream thaninbutterC liveon lessfat incream thanin butterDproduce lesswaste increamthaninbutter
38.According toBrocklehurst,wecankeep creamfreshby.A removingits fatBkilling thebacteriaC reducingits watercontentD alteringits structure
39.The word^colonies^fLine2,Para.4refers toAtiny globulesBwatery regionsCbacteria communitiesDlittle compartments
40.Commercial applicationoftheresearch findingwillbe possibleif saladcream canbe maderesistant tobacterialattack.A byvarying itschemical compositionBby turningitintoa solidlumpC whilekeeping itsstructure unchangedDwhile retainingits liquidformUnit2effect ofeducation onthe wagesof femaleworkers.Wages riseby10to20per centfor eachadditional yearofschooling.Such bigreturns areimpressive bythestandard ofother availableinvestments,but theyare justthebeginning.Educating womenalso hasa significantimpacton healthpractices,including familyplanning.
26.The authorargues thateducating girls indeveloping countriesis.A troublesomeBlabor-savingC rewardingDexpensive
27.By saying”…the prophecybecomesself-fulfilling・Lines45Para.
2.theauthormeans thatzAgirls willturnouttobelessvaluablethanboysBgirls willbe capableof realizingtheirowndreamsC girls will eventuallyfind theirgoals inlife beyondreachDgirlswillbe increasinglydiscontented withtheir
21.B
22.A
23.B
24.D
25.C
26.A
27.C
28.C
29.A
30.
31.D
32.B
33.C
34.D
35.A
36.A
37.B
38.D
39.C
40.D年月英语四级阅读备考全真试题⑴20xx12Unit1Passage OneThebiggest safetythreat facingairlines todaymaynot bea terroristwithagun,buttheman withtheportable computerin businessclass.In thelast15years,pilots havereported wellover100incidents thatcouldhave been caused byelectromagnetic interference.Thesource ofthis interferenceremains unconfirmed,butincreasingly,experts arepointing theblame atportableelectronic devicesuchasportable computers,radio andcassetteplayers andmobile telephones.RTCAj anorganization whichadvises theaviation（航空）industry,has recommendedthat allairlines ban（禁止）such devicesfrom beingused during//,criticar stagesof flight,particularly take-off andlanding.Some expertshave gonefurther,calling fora total banduring allflights.Currently,rules onusing thesedevicesare leftuptoindividual airlines.Andalthough someairlines prohibitpassengers fromusingsuch equipmentduring take-off andlanding,most arereluctantto enforcea totalban,given thatmanypassengers want toworkduring flights.The difficultyis predictinghow electromagneticfieldsmight affectan aircraftscomputers.Experts knowthatportable deviceemit radiationwhich affectsthosewavelengths whichaircraft usefor navigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhave notbeen abletoreproduce theseeffects ina laboratory,theyhavenoway ofknowing whetherthe interferencemight bedangerousor not.易受损The factthat aircraftmaybevulnerable的to interferenceraises therisk thatterrorists mayuseradio systemsin orderto damagenavigation equipment.As worrying,though,isthepassenger whocant heartheinstructions toturn offhis radiobecausethemusics tooloud.
21.The passageis mainlyabout.A anew regulationfor alairlinesB thedefects ofelectronic devicesCa possiblecauseofaircraft crashesDeffective safetymeasures forair flight
22.What issaidabout theover100aircraft incidentsinthepast15yearsA Theymay havebeen causedbythedamage totheradio systems.B Theymay havetaken placeduring take-off andlanding.C Theywere provedtohavebeencausedby thepassengersportable computers.D Theywere suspectedtohaveresulted fromelectromagneticinterference.E.Few airlineswanttoimpose atotalbanon theirpassengersusing electronicdevices becauseAthey dontbelieve thereis sucha dangeras radiointerferenceBthe harmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterference isyet tobe provedCmost passengersrefuse totake aplane whichbansthe useof radioand cassetteplayersD theyhave othereffective safetymeasures tofallback on
24.Why isit difficultto predictthe possibleeffectsof electromagneticfields onan airplanescomputersA Becauseitisextremely dangerousto conductecauseit remainsamysterywhat wavelengthsBsuchresearch onan airplane.are liabletobeinterfered with.C Becauseresearch scientistshave notbeen abletoproduce thesame effectsin labs.D Becauseexperts lackadequate equipmentto dosuchresearch.
25.1tcanbe inferredfromthepassagethattheauthor.A isin favorof prohibitingpassengersuse ofelectronicdevices completelyBhas overestimatedthe dangerof electromagneticinterferenceChasnt formedhisownopinion onthisproblemD regardsitasunreasonable toexercise atotal banduringflightPassage Two跨国公司,The riseof multinationalcorporationsglobal marketing,new communicationstechnologies,andshrinking cultural differences haveledtoan unparalleledincrease in globalpublic relationsor PR.Surprisingly,since modernPR waslargely anAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadership in publicrelations isbeing threatenedby PRefforts inothercountries.Ten yearsago,for example,the worldstopfive publicrelations agencieswere American-owned.In1991,only onewas.The Britishin particulararebecoming moresophisticated andcreative.A recentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalf ofall Britishcompanies（公司的）include PRaspartoftheircorporate planningactivities,compared toabout one-third ofU.S.companies.Itmaynotbelong beforeLondon replacesNewYork asthe capitalof PR.Why isAmerica laggingbehind inthe globalPR raceFirst,Americans asa wholetendtobe fairlyprovincialand takemoreofan interestin localaffairs.Knowledgeof worldgeography,for example,has neverbeen stronginthis country.Secondly,Americans lagbehind their（相对应的人）European andAsian counterpartsinknowing asecond language.Less than5percent ofBurson-Marshalls U.S.employees knowtwo languages.Ogilvy andMather hasabout thesame percentage.Conversely,some Europeanfirms havehalf ormore oftheiremployees fluentinasecond language.Finally,people involvedin PRabroad tendtokeepa closereyeon internationalaffairs.In thefinancial PRarea,forinstance,most Americansread theWall StreetJournal.Overseas,their counterpartsread theJournal aswell astheFinancial Timesof Londonand TheEconomist,publications notoften readinthiscountry.Perhaps thePR industrymight takea lessonfromTed Turner of CNNCable NewsNetwork.Turner7recently announcedthattheword^foreign/would nolongerbeusedon CNNnews broadcasts.According toTurner,global communicationshave madethe nationsofthe worldso interdependentthat thereisnolonger anysuchthings asforeign.
26.According tothepassage,U.S.leadership inpublicrelations isbeing threatenedbecause ofAan unparalleledincreaseinthenumberofpublic relationscompaniesB shrinkingculturaldifferencesand newcommunicationstechnologiesC thedecreasing numberof multinationalcorporationsintheU.S.D increasedefforts ofother countriesinpublicrelations
27.London couldsoon replaceNewYorkas thecenterof PRbecause.A Britishcompanies aremore ambitiousthan U.S.companiesB Britishcompanies placemore importanceon PRthanU.S.companiesC Britishcompanies areheavily involvedin planningactivitiesDfour ofthe worldstop publicrelations agenciesareBritish-owned/z n
28.The wordprovincial Line2,Para.3mostprobably means”•A limitedin outlookBlike peoplefromtheprovincesC rigidin thinkingDinterestedinworld financialaffairs
29.We learnfromthethird paragraphthatemployees intheAmerican PR industry.A speakatleastone foreignlanguage fluentlyBare ignorantabout worldgeographyC arenot assophisticated astheir EuropeancounterpartsDenjoy readingagreatvariety ofEnglish businesspublications
30.What lessonmight thePR industrytake fromTedTurnerofCNNA AmericanPR companiesshouldbemoreinternationally-minded.B TheAmericanPRindustry shoulddevelop globalcommunicationstechnologies.C Peopleworking inPR shouldbemorefluent inforeignlanguages.D PeopleinvolvedinPR shouldavoid usingtheword“foreign”.life athome
28.The authorbelieves thataviciouscircle canturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen.A womencare moreabout educationBgirls cangain equalaccess toeducationC afamily hasfewerbuthealthier childrenDparents canafford theirdaughterseducation
29.What doestheauthorsayaboutwomenseducationA Itdeserves greaterattention than other socialissues.B Itis nowgiven toppriority inmany developingcountries.C Itwill yieldgreater returnsthanotherknowninvestments.D Ithas arousedthe interestofagrowing numberofeconomists.
30.The passagemainly discusses.）A unequaltreatment ofboys andgirlsindevelopingcountries）Bthepotential earningpower ofwell-educatedwomen）Cthemajor contributionsof educatedwomento society）Dtheeconomic andsocialbenefitsof educatingwomenPassageThreeSpeeding offinastolen car,thethiefthinks hehasgot agreat catch.But heisinfor anunwelcome surprise.（锁止The caris fittedwitharemote immobiliser器）,andaradio signalfromacontrol centremiles awaywillensure thatonce thethief switchesthe engineoff,he willnotbeabletostart itagain.Theideagoes likethis.A controlbox fittedto thecarcontains amini-cellphone,a micro-processor and（全球定位系统）memory,andaGPS satellitepositioningreceiver.If thecarisstolen,a codedcellphone signalwilltell thecontrol centreto blockthe vehiclesenginemanagement systemandpreventthe enginebeingrestarted.In theUK,a setof technicalfixes isalready makinglifeharder forcar thieves.The patternof vehiclecrimezhas changed,says MartynRandall,a securityexpert.Hesays itwould onlytake hima fewminutes toteach。
个人认证
优秀文档
获得点赞 0
