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年托福考试最新模拟预料题20xx年托福考试最新模拟预料题20xx导语年的.托福考试即将实行,以下是为您举荐的20xx一些关于托福考试最新模拟预料题,欢迎学习参考,同时祝全部考生获得志向的好成果!Pennsylvanias colonialironmasters forgediron andarevolution thathad bothindustrial andpoliticalimplications.The colonistsin NorthAmerica wantedtheright tothe profitsgained from their manufacturing.However,England wantedall of the Linecolonies richoresand rawmaterials tofeed itsown factories,and alsowantedthe5colonies to be amarket forits finishedgoods.England passedlegislation in1750to prohibitcolonistsfrom makingfinished ironproducts,but by1771,when entrepreneurMark Birdestablished theHopewellblast furnacein Pennsylvania,iron makinghadbecom#e thebackbone ofAmericanindustry.It alsohad becom#e oneof themajor issuesthatfomented therevolutionary breakbetween Englandandthe Britishcolonies.By the10time theWar ofIndependencebroke outin1776,Bird,angered anddetermined,was manufacturingcannons andshot atHopewelltobeused by the ContinentalArmy.After thewar,Hopewell,along withhundreds ofotheriron plantations,continued toform thenewnations industrialfoundation wellinto thenineteenthcentury.The rurallandscape becamedotted withtallstone pyramidsthat breathedflames andsmoke,15charcola-fueled ironfurnaces thatproduced theversatilemetal socrucial tothe nationsgrowth.Generations ofironmasters,craftspeople,and workersproduced goodsduringwar andpeace-ranging fromcannons andshot todomesticitems suchas cast-iron stoves,pots,and sashweightsfor windows.The region around Hopewellhad everythingneededfor ironproduction:a wealthof20iron orenear thesurface,limestone forremoving impuritiesfrom theiron,hardwood foreststo supply the charcoalused forfuel,rushing waterto powerthe bellowsthatpumped blastsof airinto thefurnace fires,and workerstosupplythelabor.By the1830s,Hopewell haddevelopeda reputationfor producinghigh qualitycast-iron stoves,for whichthere wasa steadymarket.AsPennsylvania addedmore linksto its25transportationsystem ofroads,canals,and railroads,it becameeasierto shipparts madeby Hopewellworkers tosites alloverthe eastcoast.There theyware assembledinto stovesandsold fromRhode Islandto firesburned outatHopewell ironworksin1883,the com#munity hadMaryland as theHopewell stove.ythetime thelastproduced some80,000cast-iron stoves.
5.Pennsylvania was an ideallocation fortheHopewell ironworksfor allof thefollowing reasonsEXCEPTAMany workerswere availablein theareaB Thecenter ofoperations ofthe armywas nearbyCThe metalore waseasy toacquireD Therewasanabundance ofwood答案BUnder the Earths topsoil,at variouslevels,sometimes undera layerof rock,there aredeposits ofclay.Look atcuts wherehighways havebeen builtto seeexposedclay beds;or lookat aconstruction site,wherepockets ofclay maybe exposed.Rivers alsoreveal Lineclayalong theirbanks,and erosiononahillside maymake clay easilyaccessible.5What isclay madeof TheEarths surfaceisbasically rock,and itis thisrock thatgraduallydecom#poses intoclay.Rain,streams,alternatingfreezing andthawing,roots oftrees andplants forcingtheirway intocracks,earthquakes,volcanic action,andglaciersail ofthese forcesslowly breakdown theEarthsexposed rockycrust intosmaller andsmaller piecesthateventually becom#eclay.10Rocks arecom#posed ofelements andcom#pounds ofelements.Feldspar,which is the mostabundantmineral ontheEarthssurface,is basicallymadeup ofthe oxidessilica andalumina com#bined withalkalislike potassiumand someso-called impuritiessuchas iron.Feldspar isan essentialcom#ponent ofgraniterocks,andassuch itisthebasis ofclay.When itis wet,clay canbe easilyshaped tomake avariety ofuseful15objects,which canthen befired tovarying degreesofhardness andcovered withimpermeable decorativecoatingsof glasslikematerial calledglaze.Just asvolcanicaction,with itsintense heat,fuses theelements incertainrocks intoa glasslikerock calledobsidian,so canweapply heatto earthenmaterials andchange themintoa hard,dense material.Different claysneeddifferent heatlevels tofuse,and some,the low-fire20clays,never becom#e nonporousand watertightlikehighly firedstoneware.Each claycanstand onlya certainamountof heatwithout losingits shapethrough saggingormelting.Variations ofclay com#position andthetemperatures atwhich theyare firedaccount forthedifferences intexture andappearance betweena chinateacupand anearthenware flowerpot.
2.It canbe inferredfromthepassage thatclay isLEASTlikely tobe plentifulin whichofthefollowingareas。