高中英语高考定语从句考点汇总（概念+三要素+分类+难点）

高中英语定语从句考点

一、定语从句概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句

二、定语从句“三要素”

1.先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

①指人的先行词

②指物的先行词★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情He haspassed thedriving test,which surprisesall of us.（which替代前面所叙述的事情）

2.关系词引导定语的词

（1）关系词的作用

①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）

②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）

③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）

（2）关系词的分类

①标准根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类

②关系代词:在从句中做主，宾，表,定（tha

②美ic代who/whom句中se/as）

③关系副词在从句中作状语（When/where/why）

3.定语从句用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子

三、定语从句的分类

1.限制性定语从句对先行词起限定修饰作用He is a teacherwho worksat ourschool.

2.非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开Beijing,which isthe capitalof China,is abeautiful citywith along history.比较He has two sons,who workin the same company.He hasonly two sons.He hastwosonswho workin the same company.Perhaps hehastwomore sonsI、定语从句的难点

1.关系代词的省略（限定性定语从句）1关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She isthe girlwhom/that I loved before.可以省略whom/that2关系代词在定语从句中作表语He isno longerthe boythat heused to be.可以省略that3关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略Housing priceis aproblem that/which peopleare interestedin.比较Housing priceisaproblem in which peopleare interested.此时只能用which且不能省略

2.先行词是人that/who的区别⑴用that的情况

①以疑问词who开头的句子中Who isthe manthat isshouting there

②关系代词在从句中作表语时She isnot thegirl thatshe usedtobe.

③先行词被the very,the right,the only修饰This isthe veryperson thatwe arelooking for.2用who的情况

①先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等Those whowant togo to the cinemawill haveto waitat the gate ofthe school.

②句子中有两个定语从句，一个用了that,另外一个用whoWho isthe boythat won the goldmedal

③在there be结构中There aremany youngmen whoare againsthim.

④在非限定性定语从句当中Tom,who is my bestfriend,has goneabroad tostudy.

3.先行词是物that/which的区别1用which的情况

①在非限定性定语从句中She lostthe game,which depressedher greatly.

②关系词置于介词之后，作宾语The penwith whichyou writeis Jacks.

③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句，一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let meshow youthe novelthat Iborrowed from the librarywhich isnewly opento us.2用that的情况

①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,no one等She didall thatshe couldto helpus.

②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,the only,he very,the right,the last等所修饰时This isthe verybook that I want.

③先行词中既有人又有物时She describedin hercompositions thepeople andhe placesthat impressedher most.

④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This isthe bestbook that I haveever read.This isthe firstfilm thatIve seensince Icame here.

⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用thatHe builta factorywhich producedthings thathad neverbeen seenbefore.

⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho isthe personthat isstanding atthegate

4.As引导定语从句用法1As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定句中充当主语，宾语，表语等常用于以下句型当中Such/so***..as-**.即“像…•.一样”the same….as…即“和…・・・同样的”A computeris souseful amachine aswe canuse everyday.He isnot the same manas hewas.2引导非限制性定语从句，此时译为“正如，像”等可以放在句首，句中或句末As I remember,there werea netbar here.Taiwan isan inseparablepart ofChina,as isknown toall.★the sameas...和thesamethat...引导定语从句的区别This isthesamebike thatI lostyesterday.同一事物This isthesamebike asI lostyesterday.同类事物

5.关系副词的运用1When在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time,day等I stillremember theday whenI firstcame toBeijing.when=on which2Where在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place,spot等Can youtell methe officewhere heworkswhere=in which3Why在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.I dontwant tolisten toany reasonwhy youwere absent.why=for which★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case情形，situation,position位置，stage阶段，point地步等What arethe situationswhere bodylanguage isthe onlyform ofcommunication在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式此时where=in which

6.几个特殊的先行词1way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/in which/不填The wayinwhich/that/不填he explainsthe sentenceto usis quitesimple.比较The waywhich/that/不填he toldto uswas quitesimple.★way在定语中作tell的宾语2先行词timetime表示“次数”时,用关系代词that引导定语从句This isthe firsttime thatthe presidenthas visitedthe country.time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词whenThis wasthe timewhen therewere noradios,no telephonesor noTV sets★此时when=during which在..期间3先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式why/for which/that/不填This isthe reasonwhy/for which/that/不填he cannot comehere.比较Is thisthe reasonthat/which/不填he explainedto usfor hisabsence fromtheconference.★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语

7.介词+关系代词★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which指物介词+whom指人★该结构介词的选用原则1根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配This isthe bookon which I spent$

8.This isthe bookfor whichI paid$

8.2根据先行词的搭配习惯Iremember the daysduring whichI livedthere.1remembertheday onwhichIgraduated fromuniversity.3根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定The colorlessgas withoutwhich wecan tlive iscalled oxygen.4英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词Here isthe moneywith whichto buythe piano.She isthe rightperson onwhom todepend注意

①如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略The personwhom/who/that youwill writeto isTodd.

②有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如look for/after;take careof;send for;hearfrom/of/about dealwith等This isthe babythat youwill lookafter.

8.定语从句的主谓一致1当先行词是one of+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式The GreatWall isone ofthe world-famous buildingsthat drawlots ofvisitor everyyear.2当先行词是the only+one of+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式The GreatWall isthe onlyone ofthe buildingsontheearth thatis seenfromthemoon.3先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数Great changeshave takenplace inChina,as isknown toall.He haspassed thedriving test,which surprisesall ofus.

9.定语从句的转化定语从句可以转换为-ing或-ed形式The girlwho isdancing nowjust returnedfrom Taiwan.Ilovethe storieswhich werewritten byHemingway.The manwho standsstanding thereismyfriend.

10.定语从句的解题方法1判断从句是否为定语从句先行词，关系词，定语从句2准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分主、宾、表、定、状从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词注意

①关系代词whose的用法Whose在定语从句中做定语当先行词是人whose=the+名词+of whom当先行词是物whose=the+名词+of whichDoyou knowthe boywhose parents/the parentsof whomare onholidayr dlike aroom whosewindow/the windowof whichfaces thesea.

②That引导定语从句，名词性从句和强调句型的区别定语从句中的that:关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分名词性从句中的that从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分强调句中的that,运用于it is/was…that..结构；判断标准去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整比较This isthe bookthatIam lookingfor.（that引导定语从句）It isat Bashumiddle schoolthatIhave studiedfor threeyears.（that和前面的it is构成强调句型）The factthat hestole themoney surprisedall ofus.（that引导名词性从句一同位语从句）That hewill cometotheconference hasexcited allofus.（that引导名词性从句一主语从句）We allexpect thatthey win,for membersof theirteam arestronger.（that引导名词性从句一宾语从句）The reasonfor yourfailure isthat youlack confidencein yourself.（that引导名词性从句--表语从句）。