2023年考研英语二真题

绝密★启用前年全国硕士探讨生入学统一考试2023英语

（二）（科目代码）204考生留意事项.答题前，考生必需在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定1位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点考生须把试题册上的试卷条形码粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡“试卷条形码粘贴位

2.置”框中不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负选择题的答案必需涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必需书写在

3.答题卡指定位置的边框区域内超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效填（书）写部分必需运用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；

4.涂写部分必需运用铅笔填涂2B.考试结束后，将答题卡和试题册按规定一并交回，不行带出考场5school,it canbe costlyto make up creditsafter switchingtoo latein thegame.At BostonCollege,for example,you wouldhave tocomplete anextra yearwere youto switch to thenursingschool from another department.Taking a gap yearto figurethings outinitially canhelpprevent stressand save money lateron.

31.One of the reasonsfor high-school graduatesnot taking a gap year isthat[A]they thinkit academicallymisleading[B]they have a lot of funto expectin college[C]it feelsstrange todo differentlyfrom others[D]it seemsworthless to take off-campus courses

32.Studies fromthe USand Australiaimply thattaking a gap yearhelps.[A]keep studentsfrom beingunrealistic[B]lower risksin choosingcareers[C]ease freshmensfinancial burdens[D]relieve freshmenof pressures

33.The wordacclimation Line8,Para.3is closestin meaningto[A]adaptation[B]application[C]motivation[D]competition

34.A gapyear maysavemoneyfor studentsby helpingthem.[A]avoid academicfailures[B]establish long-term goals[C]switchto another college[D]decide on the rightmajor

35.The mostsuitable titlefor thistext would be[A]In Favorof theGap Year[B]The ABCsof theGap Year[C]The GapYear ComesBack[D]The GapYear:A DilemmaText4Though oftenviewed asa problemfor westernstates,the growingfrequency ofwildfiresis anational concernbecause of its impact on federaltax dollars,says ProfessorMaxMoritz,a specialistin fireecology andmanagement.In2023,the USForest Servicefor thefirst timespent more than halfofits$

5.5billionannual budgetfighting fires—nearly double the percentageit spenton suchefforts20yearsago.In effect,fewer federalfunds todayare going towards theagencys otherwork-such asforestconservation,watershed andcultural resourcesmanagement,and infrastructureupkeep-that affectthe livesof allAmericans.Another nationwideconcern iswhether public funds fromother agenciesare goingintoconstruction infire-prone districts.As Moritzputs it,how often are federaldollars buildinghomesthat arelikely to be lostto awildfire“Its alreadya hugeproblem froma publicexpenditure perspectivefor thewholecountry,“he says.We need totakea magnifyingglass tothat.Like,“Wait aminute,is thisOK”“Do wewant insteadto redirectthose fundsto concentrateon lower-hazard partsofthe landscape”Such aview wouldrequire acorresponding shiftin theway USsociety todayviews fire,researchers say.For onething,conversations aboutwildfires need to bemore inclusive.Over thepastdecade,the focushas beenon climatechange-how thewarming of the Earthfromgreenhouse gasesis leadingto conditionsthat worsenfires.While climateis akey element,Moritz says,it shouldntcome at the expenseof therestof theequation.“The humansystems and the landscapeswe liveon arelinked,and theinteractions gobothways Jhe says.Failing torecognize that,he notes,leads to“an overlysimplified view ofwhat the solutions mightbe.Our perceptionof theproblem andof what thesolutionisbecomes verylimited/5At thesame time,people continueto treatfire asan eventthat needsto bewhollycontrolled andunleashed onlyout ofnecessity,says Professor Balch atthe UniversityofColorado.But acknowledgingfires inevitablepresence inhuman lifeis anattitude crucialtodeveloping thelaws,policies,and practicesthat makeit assafe aspossible,she says.“Weve disconnectedourselves fromliving withEre JBalch says.It isreally importantto understand andtry andtease outwhat isthe humanconnection withfire today.”

36.More frequentwildfires havebecome anational concernbecause in2023they.[A]exhausted unprecedentedmanagement efforts[B]consumed arecord-high percentage of budget[C]severely damagedthe ecologyof westernstates[D]caused ahuge riseof infrastructureexpenditure

37.Moritz callsfbr theuse of“a magnifyingglass to.[A]A]raise morefunds forfire-prone areas[B]avoid theredirection offederal money[C]find wildfire-free partsof thelandscape[D]guarantee saferspending ofpublicfunds

38.While admittingthat climateis akey element,Moritz notesthat.[A]public debateshave notsettled yet[B]fire-fighting conditionsare improving[C]other factorsshould not be overlooked[D]a shiftin theviewoffire hastaken place

39.The overlysimplified viewMoritz mentionsis aresult offailing to.[A]discover thefundamental makeupof nature[B]explore themechanism of the humansystems[C]maximize therole oflandscape inhuman life[D]understand theinterrelations ofman andnature

40.ProfessorBalchpoints outthat fireis somethingman should.[A]do awaywith[B]come toterms with[C]pay aprice for[D]keep away fromPart BDirections:Read thefollowing textand matcheach ofthe numbereditems in the leftcolumn toitscorresponding informationin theright column.There aretwo extrachoices in the rightcolumn.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.10pointsThe declinein American manufacturing isa commonrefrain,particularly fromDonaldTrump.We dontmake anythinganymore/9he toldFox News,while defendinghis ownmade-in-Mexico clothingline.Without question,manufacturing hastaken asignificant hitduring recentdecades,andfurther tradedeals raisequestions aboutwhether newshocks couldhit manufacturing.But there is alsoa differentway tolook atthe data.Across thecountry,factory ownersare nowgrappling with a newchallenge:instead ofhavingtoo manyworkers,they mayend upwith toofew.Despite tradecompetition andoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstill needsto replacetens ofthousands ofretiringboomers everyyears.Millennials maynotbethat interestedin takingtheir place,otherindustries arerecruiting themwith similaror betterpay.For factoryowners,it alladds up to stiff competition forworkers-and upwardpressure；on wages.Theyre harder to findand theyhave jobofferssays Jay Dunwell,president ofWolverineCoil Spring,a family-owned firm,They may be coming[into theworkforce],buttheyve beenplucked byother industriesthat arealso doingan wellas manufacturingJ Mr.Dunwell hasbegun bringinghigh schooljuniors tothe factoryso theycan getexposed toitsculture.At RoManManufacturing,a makerof electricaltransformers andwelding equipmentthathis fathercofounded in1980,Robert Rothkeep aclose eyeon theageofhis nearly200workers,five areretiring thisyear.Mr.Roth hasthree community-college studentsenrolledin a work-placement program,with astarting wageof$13an hourthat risesto$17after twoyears.At aworktable insidethe transformerplant,young Jason Stenquist looksflustered bythecopper coilshes tryingto assembleand thearrival oftwo visitors.Its hisfirst weekonthe job.Asked abouthis choiceof career,he saysat highschool heconsidered medicalschoolbefore switchingto electricalengineering.UI loveworking with tools.I lovecreating.he says.But towin overthese youngworkers,manufacturers have to clearanother majorhurdle:parents,who livedthrough theworst USeconomic downturnsince theGreat Depression,telling themto avoidthe factory.Millennials remembertheir fatherand motherboth werelaidoff.They blameit on the manufacturingrecession J says Birgit Klohs,chief executiveofThe RightPlace,a businessdevelopment agencyfor westernMichigan.These concernsarent misplaced:Employment inmanufacturing hasfallen from17million in1970to12million in

2023.When therecovery began,worker shortagesfirstappeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortagesare appearingatthemid-skill levels.“The gapis betweenthe jobs that taketo skillsand thosethat requirea lotof skillJ saysRob Spohr,a businessprofessor atMontcalm CommunityCollege.“Therere enoughpeople to fill the jobsat McDonaldsand otherplaces whereyou dontneed tohave muchskill.Its thatgap inbetween,and thatswhere theproblem is.Julie Parksof GrandRapids Communitypoints to another keyto luringMillennialsinto manufacturing:awork/life balance.While their parents werecontent to work longhours,young peoplevalue flexibility.Overtime isnot attractiveto thisgeneration.Theyreally wantto livetheir livesJ she says.[A]says thathe switchedto electricalengineering becausehe lovesworkingwithtools.

41.JayDunwell[B]points outthat thereare enoughpeopletofillthejobsthatdontneed muchskill.

42.JasonStenquist[C]points outthat theUS doesntmanufacture anythinganymore.

43.BirgitKlohs[D]believes thatit isimportant tokeep aclose eyeon theage ofhisworkers.

44.RobSpohr[E]says thatfor factoryowners,workers arehardertofind becauseofstiffcompetition.

45.Julie Parks[F]points outthat awork/life balancecan attractyoung peopleintomanufacturing.[G]says that the manufacturingrecession isto blamefor thelay-offthe youngpeoples parents.Section IIITranslation

46.Directions:Translate thefollowing textinto Chinese.Write yourtranslation neatlyon theANSWER SHEET.15pointsMy dreamhas alwaysbeen towork somewherein anarea betweenfashion andpublishing.Two yearsbefore graduatingfrom secondaryschool,I tooka sewinganddesign coursethinking thatI wouldmove onto afashion designcourse.However,during thatcourse Irealized Iwas notgood enoughin thisarea tocompete with othercreative personalitiesinthe future,so Idecided thatit wasnot theright pathfor me.Before applyingfor universityI toldeveryone thatI wouldstudy journalism,becausewriting was,and stillis,one ofmy favouriteactivities.But,to behonest,I saidit,because Ithought thatfashion andme togetherwas justa dream-I knewthat noonecould imagineme inthe fashionindustry atall!So Idecided tolook forsomefashion-related coursesthat includedwriting.This iswhen Inoticed thecourse“Fashion MediaPromotion.Section IVWritingPart A

47.DirectionsSuppose youare invitedby ProfessorWilliams togive apresentation aboutChinese cultureto a groupof internationalstudents.Write areply to1accept theinvitation,and2introduce thekey pointsof yourpresentationYou shouldwrite about100words on the ANSWERSHEET.Dont useyour ownname,use“Li Ming^instead.Dont writeyour address.10pointsPart B

48.DirectionsWrite anessay basedon thefollowing chart.In yourwriting,You shouldwrite about15words neatlyon the ANSWERSHEET.15pointsT一博物馆数量一■-参观人数我国博物馆数量:和参观人数2013-2015考生姓名_________________考生编号:年全国硕士探讨生入学统一考试英语

（二）试题2023Section IUse ofEnglishDirections:Read thefollowing text.Choose thebest wordsfor eachnumbered blank and markA,B,Cor Don theANSWERSHEET.10pointsPeople havespeculated forcenturies abouta futurewithout work.Today isnodifferent,with academics,writers,and activistsonce again1that technologybereplacing humanworkers.Some imaginethat thecoming work-free worldwill bedefinedby__________

2.A fewwealthy people will ownall thecapital,and themasseswill strugglein animpoverished wasteland.A differentand notmutually exclusive3holds thatthefuturewill beawasteland ofa differentsort,one4by purposelessness:Without jobsto givetheirlives5,peoplewillsimply becomelazy anddepressed.6,todays unemployeddontseem tobe havinga greattime.One Galluppoll foundthat20percent ofAmericans whohavebeen unemployedfor at least a year reporthaving depression,doubletherate for7Americans.Also,some researchsuggests thatthe8for risingrates ofmortality,mental-health problems,and addicting9—poorly-educated middle-aged peopleis shortageofwell-paid jobs.Perhaps thisis whymany10the agonizingdullness ofa joblessfuture.But it doesnt11follow fromfindings likethese thata worldwithout workwould befilledwith unease.Such visionsare basedonthe12of beingunemployedin asociety builtontheconcept ofemployment.In the13of work,a societydesignedwithotherends inmind could14strikingly differentcircumstancedfor thefuture oflabor andleisure.Today,the15of workmaybea bitoverblown.Many jobsare boring,degrading,unhealthy,and awaste ofhuman potential/9says JohnDanaher,a lecturerattheNational Universityof Irelandin Galway.These days,because leisuretime isrelatively16_______for mostworkers,people usetheir free time tocounterbalance theintellectual andemotional17of theirjobs.When Icome homefromahard dayswork,I oftenfeel_______________18JDanaher says,adding,In aworld inwhich Idont havetowork,I mightfeel ratherdifferent”—perhaps differentenough tothrow himself19a hobbyor apassionproject withthe intensityusually reservedfor20matters.

1.[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring

2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty

3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured

4.[A]characterized[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom

5..[A]wisdom[B]Indeed[C]Thus[DJ Nevertheless

6.[A]Instead[B]urban[C]working[D]educated

7.[A]rich[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute

8.[A]explanation[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among

9.[A]under[B]makeup[C]worry about[D]set aside

10.[A]leave behind[BJ occasionally[C]necessarily[DJ economically

11.[A]statistically[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles

12.[A]chances[B]height[C]face[D]course

13.[A]absence[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield

14.[A]disturb[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship

15.[A]model[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[DJ scarce

16.[A]tricky[Bl standards[C]qualities[D]threats

17.[A]demands[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved

18.[A]ignored[B]against[C]behind[D]into

19.[A]off[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonal

20.[A]technologicalSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read thefollowing fourtexts.Answer thequestions beloweach textby choosingA,B,C orD.Mark youranswers ontheANSWERSHEET.40pointsText1Every Saturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runners setoff torun5km aroundtheirlocal park.The Parkrunphenomenon beganwith adozen friendsand hasinspired400events inthe UKand moreabroad.Events arefree,staffed bythousands ofvolunteers.Runners range from fouryears oldto grandparents;their timesrangefromAndrewBaddeleys worldrecord13minutes48seconds upto anhour.Parkrun issucceeding whereLondons Olympic“legacy”is failing.Ten yearsago onMonday,it wasannounced thatthe Gamesofthe30th Olympiadwould bein London.Planning documentspledged thatthe greatlegacy ofthe Gameswould beto levela nationof sport loversawayfromtheir couches.The populationwouldbefitter,healthier andproduce more winners.It hasnot happened.The numberof adultsdoing weeklysport did一rise,by nearly2million inthe run-upto2023but thegeneral populationwas growingfaster.Worse,the numbersare nowfalling atan acceleratingrate.The oppositionclaimsprimary schoolpupils doingat leasttwo hoursofsporta weekhave nearlyhalved.Obesityhas risenamong adultsand children.Official retrospectionscontinue asto whyLondon2023failed toinspire ageneration/9The successof Parkrunoffers answers.Parkun isnot arace buta timetrial:Your onlycompetitor isthe clock.The ethoswelcomesanybody.There isas muchjoy overa puffed-out first-timer beingclapped overtheline asthere isabout toptalent shining.The Olympicbidders,by contrast,wanted togetmore peopledoing sportsand toproducemoreelite athletes.The dualaim wasmixed up:The stresson successover takingpart wasintimidating fornewcomers.Indeed,there issomething alittle absurdinthestate getting involved inthe planningofsuch afundamentally grassroots”,concept ascommunity sports associations.If thereisa rolefor government,it shouldreally begettinginvolvedin providingcommongoods-making surethereisspace forplaying fieldsandthemoney topave tennisandnetball courts,and encouragingthe provisionof allthese activitiesin schools.Butsuccessive governments have presidedover sellinggreen spaces,squeezing moneyfromlocal authoritiesand decliningattention onsport ineducation.Instead ofwordy,worthystrategies,future governmentsneedtodo moreto providethe conditionsfor sportto thrive.Or atleast notmake themworse.

21.According toParagraph1,Parkrun has.[A]gained greatpopularity[B]created manyjobs[C]strengthened communityties[D]become anofficial festival

22.The authorbelieves thatLondons Olympiclegacy“has failedto[A]boost populationgrowth[B]promote sportparticipation[C]improve thecitys image[D]increase sporthours inschools

23.Parkrun isdifferent fromOlympic gamesin thatit.[A]aims atdiscovering talents[B]focuses onmass competition[C]does notemphasize elitism[D]does notattract first-timers

24.With regardto masssport,the authorholds thatgovernments should[A]organize grassrootssports events|B]supervise localsportsassociations[C]increase fundsfor sportsclubs[D]invest inpublic sportsfacilities[A]tolerant[B]critical[C]uncertain[D]sympathetic

25.The authorsattitude towhat UKgovernmentshavedone forsports isText2With somuch focuson childrensuse of screens,its easy for parentsto forgetabouttheir ownscreen use.Tech isdesigned toreally suckon youin Jsays Jenny Radesky inherstudy ofdigital play,and digital products arethere topromote maximalengagement.It makesit hardto disengage,and leadstoalotofbleed-over intothe familyroutine.Radesky hasstudied theuse ofmobile phonesand tabletsat mealtimesby givingmother-child pairsa food-testing exercise.She foundthat motherswho sueddevicesduring theexercise started20percent fewerverbal and39percent fewernonverbalinteractions with their children.During aseparate observation,she sawthat phonesbecamea sourceof tensioninthefamily.Parents wouldbe lookingat theiremails whilethechildren wouldbe makingexcited bidsfor theirattention.Infants arewired tolook atparents facesto trytounderstandtheir world,and ifthosefaces areblankandunresponsive-as theyoftenarewhen absorbedin adevice—it canbeextremely disconcertingfoe thechildren.Radesky citesthe still face experimentdevisedby developmentalpsychologist EdTronick inthe1970s.In it,a motheris askedto interactwithher childin anormal waybefore puttingon ablank expression and notgiving themanyvisual socialfeedback;The childbecomes increasinglydistressed asshe triestocapture hermothers attention.Parents donthavetobe exquisitelyparents atall times,butthere needstobea balanceand parents needtobe responsiveand sensitivetoachildsverbal ornonverbal expressionsof anemotional needJsaysRadesky.On theother hand,Tronick himselfis concernedthattheworries about kids use ofscreens areborn outof anoppressive ideologythat demandsthat parentsshould alwaysbeinteracting^with their children:Its basedonasomewhat fantasized,very white,veryupper-middle-class ideologythat saysif yourefailing toexpose yourchild to30,000words youare neglectingthem.Tronick believesthat justbecause achild isn,t learningfromthe screendoesnt meantheres novalue toit-particularly ifit givesparents timetohave ashower,do houseworkor simplyhaveabreak fromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,canget alot outof usingtheir devicesto speaktoafriend orget somework outoftheway.This canmake themfeel happier,which letsthen bemore availableto theirchild therest ofthetime.

26.According toJennyRadesky,digitalproductsare designedto[A]simplify routinematters[B]absorb userattention[C]better interpersonalrelations[D]increase workefficiency

27.Radeskys food-testing exerciseshows thatmothers useof devices[A]takes awaybabies appetite[B]distracts childrensattention[C]slows downbabies verbaldevelopment[D]reduces mother-child communication

28.Radeskys citesthe“stillfaceexperimenf9to showthat.[A]it iseasyforchildren toget usedto blankexpressions[B]verbal expressionsare unnecessaryfor emotionalexchange[C]children areinsensitive tochanges intheirparentsmood[D]parentsneedto respondto childrensemotional needs

29.The oppressiveideology mentionedby Tronickrequires parentsto—[A]protect kidsfrom exposureto wildfantasies|B]teach theirkids atleast30,000words a year[C]ensure constantinteraction withtheir children[D]remain concernedaboutkids useofscreens

30.According toTronick,kidsuseofscreensmay.[A]give theirparents somefreetime[B]make theirparents morecreative[C]help themwiththeirhomework[D]help thembecome moreattentiveText3Today,widespread socialpressure toimmediately goto collegein conjunctionwithincreasingly highexpectations ina fast-moving worldoften causesstudents tocompletelyoverlook thepossibility oftakinga gapyear.After all,if everyoneyou knowis goingtocollege inthe fall,it seemssilly tostay backa year,doesnt itAnd aftergoingtoschool fbr12years,itdoesntfeel naturalto spendayeardoing somethingthat isntacademic.But whilethis maybe true,its nota goodenough reasonto condemngap years.Theres alwaysa constantfear offalling behindeveryone elseonthesocially perpetuated“race tothe finishline Jwhether thatbe towardgraduate school,medical schoolorlucrative career.But despitecommon misconceptions,agapyear doesnot hinderthesuccess ofacademic pursuits-in fact,it probablyenhances it.Studies fromthe UnitedStates andAustralia showthat studentswho takeagapyearare generallybetter preparedfor andperform betterin collegethan thosewho donot.Rather thanpulling studentsback,agapyear pushesthem aheadby preparingthem forindependence,new responsibilitiesand environmentalchanges-all thingsthat first-yearstudents oftenstruggle withthe most.Gap yearexperiences canlessen theblow whenitcomes toadjusting tocollege andbeing throwninto abrand newenvironment,making iteasierto focuson academicsand activitiesrather thanacclimationblunders.If yourenot convincedoftheinherent valuein takingayearoff toexplore interests,then considerits financialimpactonfuture academicchoices.According tothe NationalCenterfor EducationStatistics,nearly80percent ofcollege studentsend upchanging theirmajorsatleastonce.This isntsurprising,considering thebasic mandatoryhigh schoolcurriculumleaves studentswithapoor understandingof themselveslisting onemajor ontheircollege applications,but switchingto anotherafter takingcollege classes.Its notnecessarilya badthing,but dependingonthe。