20xx大学英语四级阅读练习题

高校英语四级阅读练习题20xx高校英语四级阅读练习题20xxSection A、36Questions36-46are basedonthe followingpassage.If itwere onlynecessary todecidewhether toteachelementary scienceto everyoneon amass basisor tofindindthegifted fewand takethem asfar asthey cango,our taskwould befairlysimple.The publicschool36however,has nosuchchoice,forthe jobmust be37on atthe sametime.Because wedepend so38uponscienceand technologyfor ourprogress,we mustproduce39inmany fields.Because wclive inademocraticnation,whose citizensmake thepolicies forthenation,largenumbers ofus must be educatedtounderstand,tosupport,and whennecessary,toA reportin Teenmagazineshowed that50%to70%girls withnormal weightthink that they need to loseweight.、47On thewhole,for6yearswhite womenhadbeen occupyingmuch morespace inmainstreamwomens magazinessince

1999.、48Some negativeeffects suchasdepression andunhealthy eating habitsin femalesare relatedto theirbeingexposed to images of thin andyoungfemalebodies.、49The massmedia hashelpedboost the cosmeticand thediet industries.、50It isreported thatthereis at least onemessageabout themethods forwomen to change theirbodilyappearanceon morethan three-quarters of thecoversof womensmagazines.、51Some filmand televisionactresseseven faintonthe scenedue toeating toolittle.52Too muchconcern withappearancemakes itimpossible tochangesuch abnormaltrend.、53Researchers found that arealwoman withBarbie-doll proportionswould eventuallydie frommalnutrition.、54The Quebecmagazine Coup dePouce resiststhetrend byconsistently includingfull-sized womenin theirfashion pages forseveral years.55According tosome analysts^he fundamentalreasonof imposingstandards of beauty onwomen iseconomicSection C、56Questions56-61are basedonthe followingpassage.Is itpossibletopersuade mankindto livewithoutwarWar is an ancientinstitution whichhas existedforatleast sixthousandyears.It was always badand usuallyfoolish,but in the pastthehuman racemanaged tolive（带!造力.withit.Modern ingenuityJ haschanged this.Either Manwill abolishwar,or war will abolishMan.Forthepresent,it isnuclear weaponsthat causethe mostserious danger,but bacteriologicalor chemicalweapons,maybeforelong,offer aneven greaterthreat.If wesucceedin abolishingnuclearweapons,our workwill notbe done.Itwill neverbedoneuntil wehavesucceeded inabolishingwar.To dothis,we needto persuademankindtolookuponinternational questionsin anew way,not ascontestsof forec,inwhich thevictory goesto thesidewhich ismostskillful inkilling people,butby arbitration调解.in accordancewith agreedprinciplesof law.It isnoteasyto changevery oldmental habits,but thisiswhatmust be attempted.There arethose whosay thatthe adoptionoft_hisor thatideology wouldprevent war.I believethis to be教条a bigerror.AII ideologiesare basedon dogmatic式的.statements whichare,at best,doubtful,and atworst,totallyfalse.Their adherentsbelieve in them狂热地•fanatically thatthey arewilling togo towar insupportofthem.Themovement ofworld opinionduring the past fewyearshas beenvery largelysuchas wecan welcome.老生长谈.Ithas becomea commonplacethat nuclearwar mustbeavoided.Of courseverydifficultproblemsremain in the world,but thespirit inwhichthey arebeing approachedisa betterone thanitwas someyears ago.Ithas begun to bethought,evenbythe powerfulmen whodecide whetherwe shallliveor die,that negotiationsshould reachagreements evenifboth sidesdonot find these agreementswhollysatisfactory.It hasbegunto beunderstoodthat theimportantconflict nowadaysis notbetween differentcountries,butbetween Manand theatombomb.This passageimplies thatwarnow isA.worse thanin thepastB.as badas in thepastC.not sodangerous asinthepastD.as necessaryasinthepast、57In thesentence Todothis,we needto persuademankind...Line6,Para.l,this referstoA.solving internationalproblemsB.improving weaponsC.abolishing warD.living apeaceful life、58From Paragraph2we learnthatthe authorofthe passageA.isasupporter of some modemideologiesB.does notthink thatthe adoptionof anyideologycould preventwarC.believes thatthe adoptionofsomeideologiescould preventwarD.has nodoubt aboutthe truthof anyideologies、59The lastparagraph suggeststhatA.international agreementscan bereached moreeasilynowB.man beginsto realizethe dangerof nuclear warC.nuclearwarwill definitelynot takeplaceD.world opinionwelcomes nuclearwar、60According to theauthor,.A.war is the onlyway tosolve internatioualdisputesB.warwillbe lessdangerous becauseof theimprovementof weaponsC.it isimpossible forman tolive withoutwarD.warmustbe abolishedif manwants tosurvive61Questions{TSE}are basedonthe followingpassage.A usefuldefinition of an air pollutantis acompoundadded directlyor indirectlyby humansto theatmosphereinsuchquantities asto affecthumans,（有害地••animals,vegetation,or materialadversely Aipollutionrequires avery flexibledefinitionthat permitscontinuouschange.When thefirst air pollutionlawswere establishedinEngland inthe fourteenthcentury,air pollutantswerelimited tocompounds that（悬殊的差别.could beseen orsmelled—a farcryfromthe extensivelist ofharmful substancesknown today.Astechnology hasdeveloped andknowledgeof thehealthaspects ofvariouschemicals hasincreased,thelist of air pollutantshas lengthened.Inthefuture,even（水蒸气.water vapormight beconsideredan airpollutantunder certainconditions.Many ofthe moreimportant airpollutants,such assulfuroxides,carbon monoxide,and nitrogenoxides,arefound innature.As the Earth developed,the（浓度.concentrations ofthese pollutantswere alteredbyvariouschemicalreactions;they becamecomponents（生物地球化学的.in biogeochemicalcycles.Theseserve as an airpurificationscheme byallowingthecompounds tomove from the airtothewater orsoil.On aglobal basis,naturesoutput ofthese compoundsdwarfsthat resultingfrom humanactivities.However,human productionusuallyoccurs ina localizedarea,such asa city.In thislocalized region,human outputmaybedominant andmay temporarilyoverload thenaturalpurificationscheme ofthecycles.The result is an有害的•increased concentrationof noxiouschemicalsin theair.Theconcentrations atwhichthe adverseeffectsappear willbe greaterthan theconcentrationsthatthe pollutantswouldhave inthe absenceof humanactivities.The actualconcentrationneed notbe largefora substanceto beapollutant;in factthenumerical valuetellsus littleuntil weknow how much of an increasethisrepresentsover theconcentration thatwould occurnaturallyinthe area.Forexample,sulfur dioxidehasdetectable healtheffects at

0.08parts permillionfppm.,which isabout400times itsnatural level.Carbonmonoxide,however,has anaturallevel of

0.1ppm andisnot usuallyapollutant untilits levelreaches about15ppm.It can be inferredfrom thefirstparagraph thatA.water vaporis an air pollutantin localizedareasB.the definitionof air pollution willcontinue tochangeC.a substancebecomes anairpollutantonly incitiesD.most air pollutants todaycanbeseen orsmelled62In whatway cannaturalpollutants playanimportant rolein controllingair pollutionA.They functionas partof apurification process.B.They aredwarfed by the pollutantsproduced byhumanactivities.C.They areless harmfulto livingbeings thanareother pollutants.D.They haveexisted sincetheEarthdeveloped.、63According tothe passage,the numericalvalueOf theconcentration levelofasubstance isonly usefulifA.the othersubstances intheareaare known

8.1tisa localizedareaC.it canbe calculatedquicklyD.the naturallyoccurring levelis alsoknown、64Which ofthe followingisbest supportedby thepassageA.To effectivelycontrol pollution,local governmentshouldregularlyrevise theairpollutionlaws.B.One ofthemostimportant stepsin preservingnaturallands istobetter enforceairpollutionlaws.C.Scientists shouldbe consultedin order toestablish uniformlimitsfor allairpollutants.D.Human activitieshave greatimpact onairpollution.、65The passagemainlydiscussesA.the economicimpact onair pollutionB.howmuchdamage airpollutants cancauseC.what constitutesanairpollutant D.the quantityofcompounds addedto theatmosphere40the workof experts.The publicschoolmusteducate bothproducars andusersof scientificservices.In education,there shouldbeagoodbalance amongthebranches ofknowledge thatcontribute toeffectivethinkingandwise judgment.Such balanceis41by toomuch emphasisonany onefield.This questionofbalance involvesnot onlythe relationofthenatural sciences,the socialsciences,and thearts butalsorelative42among thenaturalsciencestbemselves.Similarly,wc musthave abalance betweencurrentand43knowledge.The attentionof thepublicis44drawn tonew possibilitiesinscientificfields andthe discoveryof newknowledge;these shouldnot beallowedtoturn ourattention awayfromthe sound/45materials thatformthebasis ofcourses forbeginners.A.awardedB.heavilyC.classicalD.displayE.establishedF.systemG.involvedH.defeatedl.continuallyJ.speciallyK.emphasesL.establishmentM.specialistsN.cardedO.judge第题.

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4444、第题4545Section B、46Beauty andBody Imagein theMediaA.Images offemale bodiesare everywhere.Women-and theirbodyparts-sell everythingfrom foodtocars.Popular filmand televisionactressesare becomingyounger,taller andthinner.Some haveeven beenknowntofaint ontheset fromlack offood.Womensmagazines arefull articlesurging thatifthey canjust losethoselasttwentypounds,theyll haveit all—the perfectmarriage,loving children,great sex^nd arewardingcareerB.Why arcstandards ofbeauty beingimposed onwomen,the majorityofwhomare naturallylarger andmorematurethan anyofthemodels Theroots,someanalysts say,are economic.By presentingan idealdifficulttoachieve andmaintain,thecosmeticand dietproductindustries arcassured ofgrowth andprofits.Andits noaccidentthat youthis increasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessential criterionofbeauty.If notallwomenneedtoloseweight,for suretheyre allaging,says theQuebec ActionNetwork forWomensHealth inits20xx report.And,according tothe industry,age isadisasterthat needstobedealt with.C.The stakesare huge.On theone hand,womenwho areinsecure abouttheir bodiesarc morelikelytobuybeauty products,new clothes,and dietaids.It isestimated thatthedietindustry aloneis worthanywherebetween40to100billion U.S.,a yearsellingtemporary weightloss90%to95%of dietersregainthelostweight..On theother hand,research indicatesthatexposuretoimages ofthin,young,air-brushedfemalebodies islinked todepression,loss ofself-esteemand thedevelopment ofunhealthyeatinghabitsinwomenand girls.D.The Americanresearch groupAnorexia NervosaRelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.says thatone outofeveryfour college-aged womenusesunhealthy methodsofweight control-including fasting,泻药.skippingmeals,excessive exercise,laxative abuse,andself-induced vomiting.The pressuretobethin isalsoaffectingyoung girls:the CanadianWomens HealthNetworkwarns thatweight controlmeasures arenowbeingtakenby girlsas youngas5and

6.Americanstatistics aresimilar.Several studies,such asoneconducted byMarikaTiggemann andLevina Clarkin20xxtitled AppearanceCulture in9-to12-Year-Old Girls:Media andPeerlnfluenceson BodyDissatisfaction,indicate thatnearly halfof allpreadolescentgirls wishtobe thinner,andas aresult haveengaged ina dietorareaware ofthe conceptof dieting.In20xx,Teen magazinereportedthat35percent of girls6to12years oldhavebeen onatleastone diet,and that50to70percent ofnormalweightgirls believethey areoverweight.Overallresearch indicatesthat90%of womenaredissatisfied with theirappearance insomeway.Mediaactivist Jean Kilbourne concludesthat,Women aresoldtothe dietindustryby themagazines weread andthetelevision programswe watch,almost allof whichmakeus feelanxiousabout ourweight.E.Perhaps themost disturbingis thefact thatmediaimagesoffemalebeauty areunattainable forallbut averysmall numberof women.Researchersgenerating acomputer modelofawomanwith Barbie-doll proportionsjorexample,found thatherback wouldbe tooweak tosupport theweight ofherupperbody,and herbodywould betoo narrowtocontain morethan halfaliverand afew centimetersofbowel.A realwoman builtthatway wouldsuffer慢性腹泻.fromchronic diarrheaand eventuallydiefrommalnutrition.Jill Bara^President ofMattel whichmanufacturesarbie.,estimatedthat99%ofgirlsaged3to10years oldown atleast oneBarbie doll.Still,thenumber ofreal lifewomen andgirls whoseek asimilarlyunderweightbody isepidemic,and theycan sufferequallydevastatinghealth consequences.In20xx itwasestimated thatup10450,000Canadian womenwereaffectedby aneating disorder.F.Researchers reportthatwomens magazineshaveten andone-half timesmore adsandarticlespromotingweight lossthan mensmagazines do,and overthree-quarters ofthecovers ofwomensmagazines includeatleastonemessage abouthow tochangeawomans bodilyappearance-by diet,exercise orcosmeticsurgery.Television andmoviesreinforce theimportanceofathin bodyasameasure ofa womansworth.Canadianresearcher GregoryFouts reportsthatover three-quarters ofthe femalecharactersin TVsituationcomedies areunderweight,and onlyone intwentyareabove averagein size.Heavier actressestendto receivenegativecomments frommalecharactersabout theirbodies Howabout wearinga sack“and80percent ofthesenegative commentsare followedbycannedaudience laughter.G.There havebeen effortsinthemagazine industry抵制,抗拒•to buckthe trend.For severalyears theQuebecmagazineCoupdePouce hasconsistentlyincludedfull-sized womenin theirfashionpagesandChatelainehaspledged notto touchup photosand nottoinclude modelsless than25yearsof age.In Madrid,oneof theworldsbiggest fashioncapitals,ultra-thinmodelswere bannedfromtherunway in20xx.FurthermoreSpainhas recentlyundergonea projectwiththeaim tostandardizeclothing sizesthrough usingaunique processinwhicha laserbeam isused tomeasure reallifewomens bodiesinordertofindthemost treetolifemeasurement.H.Another issueistherepresentation ofethnicallydiverse womeninthe media.A20xx studyconductedbyJuanita Covertand TravisDixon titledAChangingView:Representation andEffects ofthePortrayal ofWomenofColor inMainstream WomensMagazinesfoundthatalthough therewas anincreaseintherepresentation ofwomen ofcOlour,overall whitewomenwereoverrepresented inmainstreamwomensmagazines from1999to20xx.I.The barrageof messagesaboutthinness,dietingand beautytells ordinarywomen thattheyare alwaysinneedof adjustment-and thatthe femalebody isanobject tobeperfected.JeanKilbourneargues thattheoverwhelmingpresence ofmedia imagesofpainfullythin womenmeans thatreal womensbodies havebecomeinvisible inthe massmedia Thereal tragedy,oKilbourne concludes,is thatmanywomeninternalizethese stereotypes,and judgethemselvesbythebeauty industrysstandards.Womenlearn tocomparethemselves toother women,and tocompetewiththem formale attention:This focusonbeauty anddesirabilityeffectivelydestroys anyawarenessand actionthat mighthelp tochange thatclimate.依据以上内容，回答・题.4656。