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初一年级英语学问点20xx初一班级英语学问点
1.动词的用法1beis,am,are我用你用跟着他她它单数名词用I am,you are,is he,she,it is,复数名词全用变否定,更简洁,后加上去变疑问,往前are benot提,句末问号莫丢弃还有一条须留意,句首大写莫遗忘和用法
2.this,that it和是指示代词,是人称代词lthis that it距离说话人近的人或物用距离说话人远的人或物用如2this,thato这是一朵花近处This is a flower.那是一棵树远处That is a tree.放在一起的两样东西,先说后说如3this,that这是一支钢笔那是一支铅笔This isa pen.That isa pencil.⑷向别人介绍某人时说不说如This is...,That is...这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆This isHelen.Helen,this isTom.不能缩写,而可以缩写如5This isThat is这是一辆自行车那是一辆轿车This isa bike.Thats acar.⑹打电话时,介绍自己用询问对方用如this,that hedoes./No,hedoesnt.Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand andHelenlikemusicYes,theydo./No,they dont.
十、名词全部格1Kangkangs books;Tom andHelens desk;Anns andMarias bikes;、用表示的〃,但要从后往前翻译:(我2of ofof a book ofmine的一本书)、与的区分3have of一般表示“主动拥有〃,往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的have物体一般不能主动拥有〃,表示所属关系时要用九例如I have a newbike.She hastwo bigeyes.a doorof thehouse
十一、课本中的学问点1Unit1——Unit2)(问候语)1Good morning/afternoon/evening.How areyou---Just OK,thank you.How areyou---Not bad,thanks.Hi!Hello!How doyou do)道别用语:2(用于初次见面,用于熟人间)Nice/Glad to meet/see you.meet seeNicetomeet/see you,too.()Goodbye.Bye bye.Bye.See youlater/tomorrow/next time!So long!Good night!)介绍人或者物的句型3This is...).与.的区分4Excuse meIm sorry是要引起对方的留意,而则是向对方致歉Excuse me.Im sorry.)词组5be from=come frominEnglish)当问句中问到时,回答要用问到时,要5this/thatit;these/those用来回答例如they Whatsthis inEnglish--Its aneraser.What arethose----They arebooks.)对.的回答6Thanks ThatsOK./Youre welcome./My pleasur.)7look thesame=have thesame looksgivesth.to sb.=give sb.sth.be like=look like(树上结的、长出来的用否则用)in thetree/on thetree n,in(穿着红色的衣服)in red(在空间范围之内)in the desk(用英语)in Englishhelpsb.do sth.初一班级英语学问点4一般现在时1,一般过去时2,一般将来时3,现在进行时4,还有几种词名词1,代词2,形容词3,动词4,冠词5,初一英语语法
一、词法、名词1)、名词的数A我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不行数名词,而不行数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:)在后面力口如——fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,Sobananas二)后力口如x,sh,ch,s,tch esboxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三))以辅音字母加结尾的变为再加如1y y i es baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,comedy-comedies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories)以元音字母加结尾的干脆加如:2y sday-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四)以结尾加(外来词)如但如是辅音加的o sradios,photos,o加如:西红柿,马铃薯es tomatoespotatoes五)以或结尾的变为再加()如f fef ves sknife-knives,0wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六)单复数相同(不变的)有:鹿子,fish,sheep,deer Chinese,Japanese七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有警察局,police警察,班,同学,家,家庭成员class family九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词如action但假如是由或所组movie-action movies,pen pal-pen pals;man woman成的合成词的复数则同时为复数如man doctor-men doctors,womanteacher-women teachers十)有的单复数意思不同鱼鱼的种类,纸$0fish fishespaper papers报纸,卷子,论文,工作作品,工厂,玻璃玻璃work worksglass glasses杯,眼镜,桔子水橙子,光线灯,人orange orangeslight lightspeople民族,时间时代,次数,鸡肉小鸡peoples timetimes chickenchickens十一)单个字母的复数可以有两种形式干脆加或勺如归勺),s()但如是缩略词则只加Ks Kss IDs,VCDs,SARs十二)特另形式的有II child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen)名词的格B当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要运用全部格形式构成如下一)单数在后面加勺如brothers,Mikes,teachers二)复数以结尾的干脆在后加工假如不是以结尾的与单数一S SS样处理如老师节六一节,Teachers Day,classmates;Childrens Day三八节Women/s Day三)由并列的名词全部时,假如是共同全部同一人或物时,只and加最终一个但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理如s,Mike and Bens迈克和本的房间(共住一间),迈克和本room MikesandBensrooms的房间(各自的房间)、代词2项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数I memy minemyself复数we usour oursourselves其次人称单数you you your yoursyourself复数youyouyour yoursyourselves第三人称单数she herher hersherself hehim hishis himselfit ititsits this that itself复数they themtheir theirsthese thosethemselves、动词3)第三人称单数A当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应当像名词的单数变动词那样加S,如下一)一般在词后力口如s comes,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二)在后力口如x,sh,ch,s,tch eSowatches,washes,wishes,finishes三))以辅音字母加结尾的变为再加如1y yi eSostudy-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries)以元音字母加结尾的干脆加如2y Soplays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四)以结尾加如o eSodoes,goes五)特别的有are-is,have-has)现在分词B当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要运用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下)般在后力口如————ing spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二)以不发音的结尾的去掉再加如e eingo dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(留意除开字母组合如)要双写最终的辅音字母再力口show-showing,draw-drawing如ing put-putting,run-running,get-gettingJet-letting begin-beginning;四)以结尾的变为再加如系死ie iey ingtie-tying die-dying lie-lying位于、形容词的级4我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要运用比较或级形式构成如下一)一般在词后加或(假如是以结尾则干脆加或)er este rst如greater-greatest,shorter-shortest,taller-tallestjonger-longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest二)以重读闭音节结尾且个元音字母个辅音字母(字母组合除1+1外,如)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再力口如few-fewer fewester/estbig-bigger biggest,red-redder reddest,hot-hotter hottest三)以辅音字母结尾的变为加如+y yi er/esto happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest,friendly-friendlier friendliestfmorefriendly)mostfriendly,busy-busier busiest,easy-easier easiest四)特别状况(两好多坏,一少老远)good/well-better bestmany/much-more mostbad/ill-worse worstlittle-lessleast old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest、数词(基变序,有规则;
一、
二、三,自己背;
五、
八、
九、十二;5(其它)后接结尾,变为跟上去)th;yi,eth first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth初一班级英语学问点20xx喂,是格林小姐吗?—Hello!Is thatMiss Green是的,我是,你是谁?—Yes,this is.Whos that留意虽然汉语中运用“我〃和“你〃,但英语中打电话时绝不行以说I am...,Are you.../Who areyou⑺在回答或作主语的疑问句时,要用代替或thisthatit thisthat如()这是(笔记本)吗?1—Is thisa notebook是的,它是-Yes,it is.()那是什么?2—Whats that是只风筝—Its akite.和用法
3.these those和是指示代词,是的复数形式,指this,that,these thosethese this时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;是的复数形式,指those that时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物()这是我的床那是莉莉的床l This is mybed.That isLily,s bed.那些画很好©These picturesare good.()那些是苹果树吗?3Are thoseapple trees在回答主语是或的疑问句时,通常用代替或these thosethey these以避开重复如those这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?
④Are these/those yourapples是的,他们是Yes,they are..名词+勺全部格4单数名词后干脆加〃s吉姆的外套杰夫的妈妈Jims coatJeffs mother以结尾的复数名词,只加〃〃’s(老师节)双胞胎的书Teachers/Day thetwins books不以结尾的不规则的名词复数,力口勺〃s(童)节男式鞋Children/s DayJL mensshoes表示两者共同拥有时,只在最终一个名词后加勺露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)Lucy andLilys mother表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加s露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)Lucys andKates rooms句型
5.There be()句型主要用以表达某处(某时)有某人(某物)〃l There be其基本结构为某物(某人)+某地(某时)〃其中是引There be+there导词,没有词义;主语是后面的名词,是谓语动词,在一般现在be be时中只用和两种形式下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记句be is are therebe型结构放句首,主语跟在后地、时放句末,强调置前头如There beThere isabook on thedesk.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词(短语)放在句首如On thedesk thereisabook.()句型中的动词如何确定呢请先看看下面这首歌2There bebe诀:动词,有三个,还有真特另有不留只Be am,is are“Therebe”am留俩,那就是还有要用还是须看其后的名词是单数is areisare,还是复数若是单数或不行数名词用否则就用如is,are
①There isa treebehind thehouse.(水)(瓶子).
②There issome waterin thebottle©There aresome pearsin thebox.()留意假如〃〃后的主语是由连接的两个或两个以上3be and的名词,那么的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻〃的原则也就是说,be〃的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的若那个名词是单数或“be不行数名词要用是复数就用如is,are
①There isabookand some pens on the floor.
②There aresomepensandabook onthe floor.初一班级英语学问点2在的对面在专艮行的
1.across from......across fromthe bank对面紧靠紧靠超市
2.next tonext tothe supermarket在和之间
3.between and在公园和动物园之间between thepark andthe zoo表示位于三者或三者以上之间among在前面
5.behind....behind myhouse向左/右拐
6.turn left/right在某物的左/右边在我们ontheleft/right ofontheleft ofour school学校的左边在某人的左/右边在我左边on onesleft/right onmy left始终走
7.go straight沿着(街道沿着
8.down/along......down/along Center Street中心街在旁边
9.in theneighborhood=near here欢迎来到
10.welcome to.....闲逛
11.take/have awalk的起先,前端
13.have fun=have agood time=enjoy oneself旅途快乐
14.haveagood trip坐出租车
15.take ataxi到达+地方到这/那/家
16.get toget here/there/home arrivein+大地方+小地方I arrivein Beijing,arrive atI arriveat thebank,reach+地方从物体表面横过横过公路
17.go acrossgo acrossthe street从空间穿过穿过树林go throughgo throughthe forest街道的名称
18.on+Eg:on CenterStreet具体门牌号+街道的名称at+Eg:at6CenterStreet初一班级英语学问点
一、个国际音标及个英文字母的正确34826书写要娴熟驾驭元音和辅音,个元音字母字母的正确占格及5a,e,i,u,单词间距
二、动词的用法be动词有三种变形,分别是记忆口诀be am,is,are〃我〃用“你〃用用于“他、她、它〃;单数全都用am,are,isis,复数全部都用are0
三、人称及人称代词的不同形式主格和宾格、三种人称第一人称其次人称第三人称1I,we,you,you,he,she,it,Mariao、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态2I,We,You,You,He,She,It,Mariao、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态3me,us,you,you,him,her,it、形容词性物主代词4my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their、名词性物主代词5mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirso、反身代词6myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselveso
四、基数词表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty,twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-nine,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety,one hundred,one hundredand one
五、一般疑问句及特别疑问句、一般疑问句能用或来回答的问句一般疑问句句尾读1Yes No升调、特别疑问句不能用或来回答的问句特别疑问句句尾2Yes N读降调
六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时,有规则变更和不规则变更两种、规则变更1一般状况干脆在词尾加如1-s,cake-cakes,bag-bags,day-days,等;face-faces,orange-oranges以结尾的词,要在词尾加如:2s,x,sh,ch-es,bus-buses,等;watch-watches,box-boxes以辅音字母加结尾的词,变为再力〃,如3y yi f-esbaby-babies,等;country-countries,family-families部分以结尾的词,变为如4f ef eves,knife-knives,等;half-halves)以结尾的词,加或如5o-es,zoo-zoos,photo-photos,等记忆口诀除了英雄外,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes hero凡是能吃的,加〃,不能吃的加〃-es-s、不规则变更2)变更单数名词中的元音字母1man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,等;tooth-teeth)单、复同形等;2sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese)其他形式等3mouse-mice,child-children
七、简洁句的成分及主谓全都原则最基本构成主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当主谓全都原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的全都性当主语是第三人称单数(简称〃三单〃)时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非“三单〃时,谓语动词就用原形实意动词变三单〃的规则如下)一般动词在词尾加如等;1-s,like-likes,tell-tells,play-plays)以字母结尾的动词加〃,如2s,x,ch,sh-es guess-guesses,等;teach-teaches,watch-watches)以结尾的动词一般加〃,如等;3-es do-does,go-goes)以辅音字母加结尾的动词,先变为再加“-而是〃,如:4y yi,fly-flies,等;carry-carries)的三单形式是5have has
八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)冠词分为定冠词()和不定冠词()两种the a,an、定冠词表示“特指〃,可译为“这个〃、那个〃、这些〃、1the那些〃、不定冠词用来表明(可数)名词的数量是〃一个〃2a,an an用于以元音开头(留意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,则英语非元a音开头的单词前、不定冠词与基数词的区分是不定冠词不是刻意强调3a,an one“数量〃,而基数词则强调“数量〃
九、助动词()的用法do,does只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及运用助动词以为例like)当句子为确定句时不涉及运用助动词,只涉及“主谓全都〃原1贝heg:I likeEnglish alot.Michael likesChinese foodvery much.)当句子为否定句时,要依据主语的人称来确定运用相应的助动词2当主语为“三单〃时,要运用当主语为“非三单〃时,用助动词原does;形例如把下列句子变否定句doKangkang likesmath.--Kangkang doesntlike math.They like sports.They dontlikesports.)当句子变疑问句时,同样要依据句子的主语来确定在句首运用3或例如下列句子变问句Do Does.Michael likesChinese Food.----Does Michaellike Chinesefood Yes,。