20xx年6月英语六级考试语法巩固：时态

年月英语六级考试语法巩固:20xx6年月英语六级考试语法巩固:20xx6时态时态时态现在完成时、过去完成时以及将来完成时之间

1.的区分）现在完成时1

①构成过去分词have/has+

②语法意义及要点现在完成时表示一个过去起先的状态或动作持续A.到现在并可能接着持续下去，常同表示一段时间的状语连用如等o sofar,up tonow,since,for a long time-He hasworked asa teacherfor manyyears.-Up tillnow,nothing hasgone wrong.现在完成时表示一个过去发生的对现在仍有影响B.的动作或事务常与不确定的过去时间状语连用,如等;也同表示频度时间状语yet,just,before,recently，连用如often,ever,never,sometimes,several等;还可同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，times如等但不能同特定的过now,today,this morning去时间状语连用等last year,in1997-I havenever learnedJapanese before.-We havebeen quitebusy latelyrecently.在时间或条件状语从句中，当表示将来完成时C.的意义时，要用现在完成时来代替将来完成时-Well startat5oclock ifit hasstopped rainingbythen.-I shallgo tosee youwhen Ihave finishedmyhomework.行为不能持续的瞬间动词Note:Instantaneous Verb,如等通常不arrive,begin,come,go,start,leave,die,join能用于这一语法意义，即该类动词在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用误-He hasjoined the army for five years.-He hasbeen inthearmyforfiveyears.jE过去完成时2

①构成过去分词had+

（2）语法意义及要点过去完成时表示某一动作或状况发生在过去某一时刻之前并持续到该时刻-David andJenny hadknown eachother fora longtimebefore theirmarriage.-They hadgot everythingready beforethe partybegan.与现在完成时迥然不同的是过去完成时可以Note:与表示具体过去的时间状语连用-He saidthat he had seenher theday beforeyesterday.）将来完成时:3

①构成过去分词shall/will+have+

（2）语法意义及要点将来完成时表示某一动作在将来某一时刻或将来某一动作之前已经完成或发生o-He will have graduatedfrom highschool beforehisnext birthday.-The shopwillhaveclosed alreadybefore yougetthere.哪些动词不能用于进行时

2.）表示状态的动词，如1be,seem,appear,become,等get（误）He isbeing a used-car dealer.（）He isaused-car dealer.iE（误）She isseeming always about to smile.（）She seemsalwaysabouttosmile.IE）表示感官感觉的动词，如（望见）,（听2see hear见）,（感觉出）,偿出）（闻到）等feel taste,smell（误）The medicineis tastingbitter.（）The medicinetastes bitter.IE（误）I wasseeing a car passing by our house.（）I sawacarpassingbyourhouse.IE）表示拥有的动词，如3have,own,possess,belong,等contain,hold（误）He isowning a luxurious car.（）He ownsaluxuriouscar.jE（误）The bookis belongingto her.（）The bookbelongs toher.iE）表示思想状况、看法的动词，如4believe,think,know,understand,agree,approve,consider,expect,forget,guess,hesitate,hope,imagine,mean,realize,等remember,suppose,trust,want,wish（误）Im thinkingthat heis right.（）I thinkthat heis right.jE（误）Im understandingyour feelings.（））表示情感、愿I understandyour feelings.IE5望的动词，如admire,appreciate,等care,enjoy,like,love,hate,detest,regret（误）He isloving his daughter very much.（）He loveshisdaughterverymuch.IE（误）Im regrettingto saywe cannotcome.（）I regretto saywe cannotcome.IE时态的呼应

3.时态的呼应又称时态全都（）指Sequence ofTenses,的是某些从句里的.动词谓语时态必需和主句里的时态保持全都假如主句里的谓语动词是过去时态（过去时或过去完成时），那么从句的谓语动词时态也相应地要用过去时时态的呼应主要发生在间接引语和宾语从句中,但其他从句有时也存在时态全都的问题-He explainedthat hehad learnedChinese formany.（现在完成时变为过去完成时）years-He saidhehadbeen collectingmaterials onthat.（过去进行时变为过去完成进行subject foralongtime时）-He toldme that they wouldhave completedthat.（将来完成时变为过去将project bythe endof theyear来完成时）虽然主句用了过去时等，假如从句表示的是科学真理、客观事实或某人（物）的常常性特点时，其时态可以不必遵守时态呼应的规则而仍用一般现在时-Galileo provedthattheearth revolvesround thesun.-The teachertold thestudents thatknowledge ispower.假如从句中有一个表示确定过去时间的状语，就不必把一般过去时变为过去完成时-He saidthat hejoined theRed Armyin

1933.。