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高校英语四级考前复习题20xx高校英语四级考前复习题20xxSection AQuestions36-45are basedonthe followingpassage.If itwere onlynecessary todecidewhether toteachelementary scienceto everyoneon amass basisor tofindindthegifted fewand takethem asfar asthey cango,our taskwould befairlysimple.The publicschool36however,has nosuchchoice,forthe jobmust be37on atthe sametime.Because wedepend so38uponscienceand technologyfor ourprogress,we mustproduce39inmany fields.Because wclive inademocraticnation,whose citizensmake thepolicies forthenation,largenumbers ofus must be educatedtounderstand,tosupport,and whennecessary,to and thediet industries.、50It isreported that thereis at least onemessageabout themethods forwomen to change theirbodilyappearanceon morethan three-quarters of thecoversof womensmagazines.、51Some filmand televisionactresseseven faintonthe scenedue toeating toolittle.、52Too muchconcern withappearancemakes itimpossible tochangesuch abnormaltrend.、53Researchers found that arealwoman withBarbie-doll proportionswould eventuallydie frommalnutrition.、54The Quebecmagazine Coup dePouce resiststhetrend byconsistently includingfull-sized womenin theirfashion pages forseveral years.、55According tosome analysts,the fundamentalreasonof imposingstandards of beauty onwomen iseconomicSectionCQuestions56-60are basedonthe followingpassage.Is itpossibletopersuade mankindto livewithoutwarWar is an ancientinstitution whichhasexisted foratleast sixthousandyears.It was alwaysbad andusually foolish,but in the pastthehumanrace managedto livewithit.Modern ingenuity(带!造力.J haschanged this.Either Manwillabolishwar,or war will abolishMan.For thepresent,it isnuclear weaponsthat causethe most seriousdanger,but bacteriologicalor chemicalweapons,maybeforelong,offer aneven greaterthreat.If wesucceedin abolishingnuclearweapons,our workwillnot be done.Itwill neverbedoneuntil wehavesucceededin abolishingwar.To dothis,weneed topersuade mankindtolookuponinternational questionsin anew way,not ascontestsof forec,inwhich thevictory goesto thesidewhich ismostskillful inkilling people,butby(调解•arbitration inaccordance withagreedprinciplesof law.It is not easytochangevery oldmental habits,but thisiswhat mustbeattempted.There arethose whosay thatthe adoptionoft_hisor thatideology wouldprevent war.I believethis to be(教条a bigerror.AII ideologiesare basedon dogmatic式的••statements whichare,at best,doubtful,and atworst,totallyfalse.Their adherentsbelieve in them狂热地.fanatically thatthey arewilling togo towar insupportofthem.Themovement ofworld opinionduring the pastfew yearshas beenvery largelysuchas wecan welcome.老生长谈.Ithas becomea commonplacethat nuclearwarmustbe avoided.Of courseverydifficultproblemsremain in the world,but thespirit inwhichthey arebeing approachedisa betterone thanitwas someyears ago.Ithas begun to bethought,evenbythe powerfulmen whodecide whetherwe shallliveor die,that negotiationsshould reachagreements evenifboth sidesdonot find these agreementswhollysatisfactory.It hasbegunto beunderstoodthat theimportantconflict nowadaysisnotbetween differentcountries,butbetween Manand theatombomb.、56This passageimplies thatwarnow isA.worse thanin thepastB.as badas in thepastC.not sodangerous asinthepastD.as necessaryasinthepast、57In thesentence Todothis,we need topersuade mankind...Line6,Para.lthis referstozA.solving internationalproblemsB.improving weaponsC.abolishing warD.living apeaceful life、58From Paragraph2we learnthatthe authorofthe passageA.isasupporter of some modemideologiesB.does notthink thatthe adoptionof anyideologycould preventwarC.believes thatthe adoptionofsomeideologiescould preventwarD.has nodoubt aboutthe truthof anyideologies、59The lastparagraph suggeststhatA.internationalagreements can be reachedmore easilynowB.man beginsto realizethe dangerof nuclear warC.nuclear warwill definitelynot takeplace D.world、opinion welcomesnuclearwar60According totheauthor,.A.war is the onlyway tosolve internatioualdisputesB.warwillbe lessdangerous becauseof theimprovementof weaponsC.it isimpossible forman tolive withoutwar D.warmust beabolished ifman wantsto surviveQuestions61-65are basedonthe followingpassage.A usefuldefinition of an air pollutantis acompoundadded directlyor indirectlyby humansto theatmosphereinsuchquantities asto affecthumans,(有害地••animals,vegetation,or materialadverselyAir pollutionrequires avery flexibledefinitionthatpermits continuouschange.When thefirst air pollutionlawswere establishedinEngland inthe fourteenthcentury,air pollutants werelimited tocompounds that(悬殊的差另could beseen orsmelled-a farcryfrom theextensivelist ofharmful substancesknown today.Astechnology hasdeveloped andknowledgeof thehealthaspects ofvariouschemicals hasincreased,thelist of air pollutantshas lengthened.Inthefuture,even(水蒸气.water vapormight beconsideredan airpollutantunder certainconditions.Many ofthe moreimportant airpollutants,such assulfuroxides,carbon monoxide,and nitrogenoxides^refound innature.As the Earth developed,the浓度.concentrationsof thesepollutantswerealteredbyvariouschemical reactions;they becamecomponents生物地球化学的.in biogeochemicalcycles.Theseserve as an airpurificationscheme byallowingthecompounds tomove from the airto thewater orsoil.On aglobal basis,naturesoutput ofthese compoundsdwarfsthat resultingfrom humanactivities.However,human productionusuallyoccurs ina localizedarea,such asa city.In thislocalized region,human outputmaybedominant andmay temporarilyoverload thenaturalpurificationscheme ofthecycles.The result is an有害的•increased concentrationof noxiouschemicalsin theair.Theconcentrations atwhichthe adverseeffectsappear willbe greaterthan theconcentrationsthatthe pollutantswouldhave inthe absenceof humanactivities.The actualconcentrationneed notbe largefora substanceto beapollutant;in factthenumerical valuetellsus littleuntil weknow howmuch of an increasethisrepresentsover theconcentration thatwould occurnaturallyinthe area.Forexample,sulfur dioxidehasdetectable healtheffects at
0.08parts permillionfppm.,which isabout400times itsnatural level.Carbonmonoxide,however,has anaturallevel of
0.1ppm andisnot usuallyapollutant untilits levelreaches about15ppm.61It canbe inferredfrom thefirstparagraph thatA.water vaporis anair pollutantin localizedareasB.the definitionof air pollution willcontinue tochangeC.a substancebecomes anairpollutantonly incitiesD.most air pollutants todaycanbeseen orsmelled、62In whatway cannaturalpollutants playanimportant rolein controllingair pollutionA.They functionas partof apurification process.B.They aredwarfed by the pollutantsproduced byhumanactivities.C.They areless harmfulto livingbeings thanareother pollutants.D.They haveexisted sincetheEarthdeveloped.、63According tothe passage,the numericalvalueOf theconcentration levelofasubstance isonly usefulifA.the othersubstances intheareaare known
8.1tisa localizedareaC.it canbe calculatedquicklyD.the naturallyoccurring levelis alsoknown、64Which ofthe followingisbest supportedby thepassageA.To effectivelycontrol pollution,local governmentshouldregularlyrevise theair pollutionlaws.B.One ofthemostimportant stepsin preservingnaturallands istobetter enforceairpollutionlaws.C.Scientists shouldbe consultedin order toestablish uniformlimitsfor allair pollutants.D.Human activitieshave greatimpact onairpollution.、65The passagemainlydiscussesA.the economicimpact onairpollutionB.howmuch damageairpollutantscan causeC.whatconstitutes anair pollutantD.the quantityof compoundsadded totheatmosphere40the workof experts.The publicschoolmusteducate bothproducars andusersof scientificservices.In education,there shouldbeagoodbalance amongthebranches ofknowledge thatcontribute toeffectivethinkingandwise judgment.Such balanceis41by toomuch emphasisonany onefield.This questionofbalance involvesnot onlythe relationofthenatural sciences,the socialsciences,andthearts butalsorelative42among thenaturalsciencestbemselves.Similarly,wc musthave abalance betweencurrentand43knowledge.The attentionof thepublicis44drawn tonew possibilitiesinscientificfields andthe discoveryof newknowledge;these shouldnot beallowedtoturn ourattention awayfromthe sound/45materials thatformthebasis ofcourses forbeginners.A.awardedB.heavilyC.classicalD.displayE.establishedF.systemG.involvedH.defeatedl.continuallyJ.specially K.emphases L.establishment M.specialists N.cardedO.judgeSection BBeautyand BodyImage intheMediaA.Images offemale bodiesare everywhere.Women-and theirbodyparts-sell everythingfrom foodtocars.Popular filmand televisionactressesare becomingyounger,taller andthinner.Some haveeven beenknowntofaint ontheset fromlack offood.Womensmagazines arefull articlesurging thatifthey canjust losethoselasttwentypounds,theyll haveit all-the perfectmarriage,loving children,great sex^nd arewardingcareerB.Why arcstandards ofbeauty beingimposed onwomen,the majorityofwhomare naturallylarger andmorematurethan anyofthemodels Theroots,someanalysts say,are economic.By presentingan idealdifficulttoachieve andmaintain,the cosmeticand dietproductindustries arcassured ofgrowth andprofits.Andits noaccidentthat youthis increasinglypromoted,alongwiththinness,asanessential criterionofbeauty.If notallwomenneedtoloseweight,for suretheyre allaging,says theQuebec ActionNetwork forWomensHealth inits20xx report.And,according tothe industry,age isadisasterthat needstobedealt with.C.The stakesare huge.On theone hand,womenwho areinsecure abouttheir bodiesarc morelikelytobuybeauty products,new clothes,and dietaids.It isestimated thatthedietindustry aloneis worthanywherebetween40to100billion U.S.,a yearsellingtemporary weightloss90%to95%of dietersregainthelostweight..On theother hand,research indicatesthatexposureto images of thin,young,air-brushedfemalebodies islinked todepression,loss ofself-esteemand thedevelopment ofunhealthyeating habitsinwomenand girls.D.The Americanresearch groupAnorexia NervosaRelatedEatingDisorders,Inc.says thatone outofeveryfour college-aged womenusesunhealthy methodsofweight control-including fasting,(泻药.skippingmeals^xcessive exercise,laxative abuse,andself-induced vomiting.The pressuretobethin isalsoaffectingyoung girls:the CanadianWomens HealthNetworkwarns thatweight controlmeasures arenowbeingtakenby girlsas youngas5and
6.Americanstatistics aresimilar.Several studies,such asoneconducted byMarikaTiggemann andLevina Clarkin20xxtitled AppearanceCulture in9-to12-Year-Old Girls:Media andPeerlnfluenceson BodyDissatisfaction,indicate thatnearly halfof allpreadolescentgirls wishtobe thinner,andas aresult haveengaged ina dietorareaware ofthe conceptof dieting.In20xx,Teen magazinereportedthat35percent of girls6to12years oldhavebeen onatleastone diet,and that50to70percent ofnormal weightgirls believethey areoverweight.Overallresearch indicatesthat90%of womenaredissatisfied with theirappearance insomeway.Media activistJean Kilbourne concludes that,Women aresold tothediet industrybythe magazinesweread andthe televisionprograms wewatch,almost allofwhich makeus feelanxiousabout ourweight.E.Perhaps themost disturbingis thefact thatmediaimages offemalebeauty areunattainable forallbut averysmall numberof women.Researchersgenerating acomputer modelofawomanwith Barbie-doll proportionsjorexample,foundthatherback wouldbe tooweak tosupport theweight ofherupperbody,and herbodywould betoo narrowtocontain morethan halfaliverand afew centimetersofbowel.A realwoman builtthatway wouldsuffer慢性腹泻.fromchronic diarrheaand eventuallydiefrommalnutrition.Jill Barad,President ofMattel whichmanufacturesBarbie.,estimatedthat99%ofgirlsaged3to10years oldown atleast oneBarbie doll.Still,thenumber ofreal lifewomen andgirls whoseek asimilarlyunderweightbody isepidemic,and theycan sufferequallydevastatinghealth consequences.In20xx itwasestimated thatup10450,000Canadian womenwereaffectedby aneating disorder.F.Researchers reportthatwomens magazineshaveten andone-half timesmore adsandarticlespromotingweight lossthan mensmagazines do,and overthree-quarters ofthecovers ofwomensmagazines includeatleastonemessage abouthow tochangeawomans bodilyappearance-by diet,exercise orcosmeticsurgery.Television andmoviesreinforce theimportanceofathin bodyasameasure ofa womansworth.Canadianresearcher GregoryFouts reportsthatover three-quarters ofthe femalecharactersin TVsituationcomedies areunderweight,and onlyone intwentyarea bove averagein size.Heavier actressestendto receivenegativecomments frommalecharactersabout theirbodies Howabout wearinga sack•,and80percent ofthesenegative commentsare followedbycannedaudience laughter.G.There havebeen effortsinthemagazine industry抵制,抗拒.to buckthe trend.For severalyears theQuebecmagazineCoupdePouce hasconsistentlyincludedfull-sized womenin theirfashionpagesandChatelainehaspledged notto touchup photosand nottoinclude modelsless than25yearsof age.In Madrid,oneof theworldsbiggest fashioncapitals,ultra-thinmodelswere bannedfromtherunway in20xx.FurthermoreSpainhas recentlyundergonea projectwiththeaim tostandardizeclothing sizesthrough usingaunique processinwhicha laserbeam isused tomeasure reallifewomens bodiesinordertofindthemost treetolifemeasurement.H.Another issueistherepresentation ofethnicallydiverse womeninthe media.A20xx studyconductedbyJuanita Covertand TravisDixon titledAChanging View:Representation andEffects ofthe PortrayalofWomenofColor inMainstream WomensMagazines foundthatalthough therewas anincreasein therepresentationofwomen ofcOlour,overall whitewomenwereoverrepresented inmainstream womensmagazinesfrom1999to20xx.I.The barrageof messagesaboutthinness,dietingand beautytells ordinarywomen thattheyare alwaysinneedof adjustment-and thatthe femalebody isanobject tobeperfected.Jean Kilbourneargues thattheoverwhelmingpresence ofmedia imagesofpainfullythin womenmeans thatreal womensbodies havebecomeinvisible inthe massmedia Thereal tragedy,Kilbourneconcludes,is thatmanywomeninternalizethese stereotypes,and judgethemselvesbythebeauty industrysstandards.Womenlearn tocomparethemselves toother women,and tocompetewiththem formale attention:This focusonbeauty anddesirabilityeffectivelydestroys anyawarenessand actionthat mighthelp tochange thatclimate.依据以上内容,回答・题.
4655、46A reportin Teenmagazineshowed that50%to70%girls withnormalweightthink thatthey needtolose weight.、47On thewhole,for6yearswhite womenhadbeen occupyingmuch morespace inmainstreamwomens magazinessince
1999.、48Some negativeeffects suchasdepression andunhealthyeating habitsin femalesare relatedto theirbeingexposed toimagesofthin andyoungfemalebodies.49The massmedia hashelpedboost thecosmetic。