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Section IUse ofEnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best words foreach numberedblankand markA,B,C orD on the ANSWER SHEET.10pointsWeighing yourselfregularly isa wonderfulway tostay awareofany significantweight fluctuations.1,when donetoooften,this habit can sometimeshurt morethan it
2.As for me,weighing myselfevery daycaused meto shiftmy focusfrombeing generallyhealthy andphysically activeto focusing3onthe scale.That washad tomy overallfitness goats.I hadgained weightin the formof musclemass,but thinkingonly of4the numberon thescale,I alteredmy training program.That conflictedwith howI neededtotrain to5my goals.I alsofound thatweighing myselfdaily did not providean accurate6of thehard workand progressI wasmaking in the gym.It takesaboutthree weeksto amonth tonotice any significant changes in yourweight7altering yourtrainingprogram.The most8changes will be observedinskill level,strength and inches lost.前只要发觉增加体重就会感到悲观，所以我们选择A disappointing（令人悲观的）其它选项[B]surprising（令人惊异的），[C]restricting（限制性的）[D]consuming（奢侈的）都不符合题意
19.[答案][A】because[解析]此处是词义辨析题空格前后的逻辑关系是因果关系，句意是因为我依据我的目标而不是数值熬炼身体，所以我成功取得了健身的效果所以A because表示缘由复合题意其他选项[B]unless（除非）[C]until（直到）[D]if（假如）都不符合题后、O立,
20.[答案][A】obsessing[解析]此处是词义辨析题空格所在的句子rather than的意思是而不是，所以后面应当是关注体重数值，所以，我们选择A obsessing表达的意思是沉迷于，这句话的意思是及沉迷于数值不同，把关注点放在自我感受，衣服的宽松和整体的能量上才是更好的其它选项[B]dominating（统治的）[C]puzzling（迷惑的）[D]triumphing（成功的）都不符合题意Section IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following fourtexts.Answer thequestions beloweach textbychoosing A,B,C orD.Mark youranswers on the ANSWERSHEET.40pointsText1Unlike so-called basicemotions such as sadness,fear,and anger,guilt emergesa littlelater,in conjunctionwith a child sgrowinggrasp ofsocial andmoral norms.Children aren,t bornknowing how tosay Tm sorry;rather,they learnover timethat suchstatementsappease parentsand friends一and their own consciences.This iswhyresearchers generallyregard so-called moralguilt,in therightamount,to bea goodthing.In thepopular imagination,of course,guilt stillgets abad rap.It isdeeply uncomfortable一it sthe emotionalequivalent ofwearinga jacketweighted withstones.Yet thisunderstanding isoutdated.There has been a kind ofrevival ora rethinking about whatguilt isandwhat roleguilt canserve,“says AmrishaVaish,a psychologyresearcherat the University ofVirginia,adding thatthis revivalispart of a largerrecognition thatemotions aren^t binary一feelingsthat may be advantageousin onecontext maybe harmfulin another.Jealousy andanger,for example,may haveevolved toalert us toimportant inequalities.Too muchhappiness can be destructive.And guilt,by promptingusto think moredeeply about our goodness,can encouragehumans to make up for errorsand fixrelationships.Guilt,in otherwords,can helphold acooperative speciestogether.It isa kind ofsocial glue.Viewed inthis light,guilt isan opportunity.Work byTina Malti,a psychologyprofessor at the Universityof Toronto,suggests thatguiltmay compensatefor an emotional deficiency.In anumber ofstudies,Malti andothers haveshown that guilt and sympathy mayrepresentdifferent pathwaysto cooperation and sharing.Some kidswhoare lowin sympathymay makeupfor that shortfallby experiencingmoreguilt,which canrein in their nastierimpulses.And viceversa:Highsympathy cansubstitute forlow guilt.In a2023study,for example,Malti lookedat244children.Usingcaregiver assessments and the children s self-observations,she ratedeachchild soverall sympathylevel andhis orher tendencyto feelnegative emotions aftermoral transgressions.Then thekids werehandedchocolate coins,and givena chanceto sharethem with ananonymous child.For thelow-sympathy kids,how muchthey sharedappeared toturn onhowinclined theywere tofeel guilty.The guilt-prone onesshared more,even though they hadnt magicallybecome moresympathetic to the otherchild s deprivation.“That sgood news,“Malti says.We can be prosocialbecausewe causedharm andwe feelregret.”
21.Researchers thinkthat guiltcan bea goodthing becauseit mayhelp.A regulatea childsbasic emotionsBimprove a childs intellectualabilityC foster achild s moral developmentD intensityachildspositive feelings
22.According toparagraph2,many peoplestill considerguilt tobe.A deceptiveBburdensomeC addictiveDdeception
23.Vaish holdthat therethinking aboutguilt comesfrom anawarenessthat.A emotionsare context-independentB emotionsare sociallyconstructiveC emotionalstability can benefit healthDan emotioncan playopposing roles
24.Malti andothers haveshown thatcooperation andsharingA.may helpcorrect emotionaldeficienciesB.can resultfrom eithersympathy orguiltC.can bringabout emotionalsatisfactionD.maybethe outcomeof impulsiveacts
25.The wordatransgressionsLine4,Para.5is closestin meaningto.A.teachingsB.discussionsC.restrictionsD.wrongdoings21-25参考答案及解析
21.【答案】[C]foster achildsmoraldevelopment【角星析】依据题干Researchers thinkthat guiltcan bea goodthingbecause itmay help.内容定位到第一段最终一句This iswhy researchersgenerallyregard so-called moralguilt,in theright amount,to beagood thing.由最终——句的this指代词，可知缘由在第一段的前几句，依据第一句Unlike so-called basicemotions such as sadness,fear,andanger,guilt emergesa littlelater,in conjunctionwithachild sgrowinggrasp ofsocial andmoral norms,和其次句Children aren,tborn knowinghowto say Tm sorry;rather,they learnover timethatsuch statementsappease parentsand friends一and theirownconsciences.可知内疚不是天生的，而是和一个孩子的道德规范有关，是通过后天学习获得的因此答案是C选项fosterachild,s moraldevelopmento
22.【答案】[B]burdensome【解析】依据题干According toparagraph2,many peoplestill considerguiltto be.定位至U其次段第——句In thepopular imagination,ofcourse,guilt stillgets abad rap.另夕卜其次句It isdeeplyuncomfortable一it sthe emotionalequivalent ofwearing ajacketweighted withstones.也进一步说明白第一句由这两句可知许多人认为内疚是不好的，令人不舒适的，让人感觉沉重，就像是衣服口袋里有石头一样，因此答案为B选项burdensomeo
23.【答案】[D]an emotioncan playopposing roles【解析】依据题干Vaish holdthat therethinkingaboutguiltcomes froman awarenessthat.中的关键词Vaish定位至!）其次段第四句，依据第四句中的adding thatthis revivalis part of alargerrecognition thatemotions aren t binary一feelings thatmay beadvantageousin onecontext maybe harmfulin another.可知这种复兴是更大的相识的一部分，即心情不是二元情感，在一个情境中有利的心情，在一个情景中可能是有害的其中第4句中的revival和题干中的rethinking对应，第四句中的recognition和题干中的awareness对应，因此答案是D选项anemotioncan playopposing roles
024.【答案】[B]can resultfrom eithersympahty orguilt【解析】依据题干Malti andothers haveshown thatcooperation andsharing.定位至悌四段第三句In anumber ofstudies,Malti andothershave shownthatguiltandsympathymay representdifferent pathwaystocooperation andsharing.依据第三句可知内疚和和怜悯可能代表了通往合作和共享的不同的路径可以得出，答案是B选项can resultfromeither sympahtyor guilto
25.【答案】[D]wrongdoings【解析】依据题干中的关键词transgressions可以定位到第五段其次句Using caregiverassessmentsand thechildren sself-observations,sherated eachchildsoverall sympathylevel andhis orher tendencytofeel negativeemotions aftermoral transgressions.依据其次句中的feel negativeemotions aftermoral transgressions.可以看至negativeemotions来源于transgressions.而negativeemotions表示负面心情是贬义的，因此对比4个选项，可以得出答案是D选项wrongdoings.Text2Forests giveus shade,quiet andone of the lardercallenges inthefight againstclimate change.Even aswe humanscount onforeststo soakup agood share of thecarbon dioxidewe produce,we arethreateningtheir abilityto doso.The climatechange weare hasteningcouldone dayleave uswith foreststhat emitmore carbonthan theyabsorb.Thankfully,there isa wayout ofthis trap-but itinvolves strikingasubtle balance.Helping forestsflourish asvaluable carbonsinks“long into the futuremay requirereducing theircapacity toabsorbcarbon now.California isleading the way,as itdoes onso manyclimateefforts,in figuringout thedetails.The states proposedForest Carbon Plan aimsto doubleefforts tothinout youngtrees andclear brushin partsof theforest.Thistemporarily lowerscarbon-carrying capacity.But theremaining treesdrawa greatershareof the availablemoisture,so theygrow andthrive,restoring theforest scapacity topull carbonfrom theair.Healthytrees arealso betterable tofend offinsects.The landscapeisrendered lesseasily burnable.Even in the eventof afine,fewer treesareconsumed.The needfor suchplanning isincreasingly urgent.Already,since2023,drought andinsects havekilled over100million treesinCalifornia,most of them in2023alone,and wildfireshave burnedhundredsof thousandsof acres.California plansto treat35,000acres offorest a year by2023,and60,000by2030-financed from the proceedsof thestate semissions-permit auctions.That sonly asmall shareofthetotalacreage that could benefit,about halfa million acres in all,so itwill be vital to prioritize areas atgreatest riskof fireor drought.The strategyalso aimsto ensurethat carbonin woodymaterialremoved fromthe forestsis lockedaway in the formof solidlumberor burnedas biofuelin vehiclesthat wouldotherwise runon fossilfuels.New researchon transportationbiofuels isalready underway.State governmentsare wellaccustomed tomanaging forests,buttraditionally theyve focusedon wildlife,watersheds andopportunitiesfor recreation.Only recentlyhave theycome tosee thevitalpart forestswill have to playin storingcarbon.California,s plan,which isexpected to be finalizedby thegovernornext year,should serveas amodel.
26.By saying“one ofthe harder challenges,“the authorimplies that.A.global climatechange mayget outof controlB.people maymisunderstand globalwarmingC.extreme weatherconditions mayariseD.forests maybecome apotential threat
27.To maintainforests asvaluable“carbon sinks,“wemay need to.A.preserve thediversity ofspecies in themB.accelerate thegrowth ofyoung treesC.strike abalance amongdifferent plantsD.lower theirpresent carbon-absorbing capacity
28.California s Forest CarbonPlan endeavors to.A.cultivate moredrought-resistant treesB.reduce thedensity of some ofits forestsC.find more effective waysto killinsectsD.restore itsforests quicklyafter wildfires
29.What isessential to California,s plan according toParagraph5A.To handlethe areasin seriousdanger first.For these9,I stoppedweighing myselfevery dayandswitched toa bimonthlyweighing schedule
10.Since weightloss is not mygoal,it isless importantformeto11my weighteach week.Weighing everyother weekallows meto observeand12anysignificantweight changes.That tellsme whetherI needto13my trainingprogram.I usemy bimonthlyweigh-in14to getinformation aboutmy nutritionas well.If mytraining intensityremains thesame,but I m constantly15and droppingweight,this isa16that Ineed toincrease mydailycaloric intake.The17to stopweighing myselfevery dayhas donewonders formyoverall health,fitness andwell-being.I mexperiencing increasedzealfor workingout sinceI nolonger carrythe burdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’ve alsoexperienced greatersuccess in achieving myspecificfitness goals,19Imtraining according to thosegoals,notthe numbersonascale.Rather than20over thescale,turn your focus tohow youlook,feel howyour clothesfit andyour overallenergy level.B.To carryit out before theyear of
2023.C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D.To obtainenough financial support.
30.The authors attitude toCalifornia,s plancan bestbedescribed as.A.ambiguousB.tolerantC.supportiveD.cautious26-30参考答案及解析
26.【答案】[D]forests maybecome apotentialthreat【解析】依据题干By saying“one ofthe harderchallenges,“theauthor impliesthat.定位到原文第一段第一句，但是我们发觉第一段只提到了one ofthe harderchallenges,而没有给出harderchallenges指什么，也就是没有给出本题的答案，因此我们须要看第一句后面的句子第一句是中心句，后面的句子是对第一句进行阐述，依据后面的句子的阐述，我们可知尽管我们人类依靠森林来吸取大量的二氧化碳，但是我们造成的气候变更将会使我们的森林最终会释放的碳比吸取的碳还要多也就是D选项所说的森林可能会成为潜在的威逼因此答案为D选项
27.【答案】[D]lower theirpresentcarbon-absorbing capacity【解析】依据题干To maintainforests asvaluable“carbon sinks,we mayneed to.定位到原文其次段其次句Helping forestsflourish asvaluableucarbon sinks”long into the futuremay requirereducingtheir capacityto absorbcarbon now.其中may require后面的内容就是题干问的内容原文说为了使森林成为有价值的长期的碳汇，可能须要削减他们现在吸取碳的实力阅读选项发觉D选项lower theirpresentcarbon-absorbing capacity降低他们现在的碳吸取实力和原文一样，因此D选项是正确选项
28.【答案】[B]reduce thedensity ofsome ofitsforests【解析】依据题干California,sForest CarbonPlanendeavorsto.定位到原文三段第一句The states proposedForestCarbonPlan aimstodouble effortstothinout youngtrees andclear brushin partsof theforest.该句大意为森林碳支配的目的是大力削减小树并在森林的部分地方除掉灌木丛B选项为削减他的森林的密度，因此B选项是正确选项
29.【答案】[A]To handlethe areasin seriousdanger first【解析】依据题干What isessential toCalifornia s plan accordingtoParagraph5定位到原文第五段其次句That,sonly asmall shareofthetotal acreagethatcould benefit,about halfamillionacresin all,so it will bevitaltoprioritizeareas atgreatest riskof fireor drought其次句中的so it will bevital toprioritizeareas atgreatest riskof fireor drought.含义为重要的是要优先考虑火灾和干旱风险大的地区，A选项意为首先处理处于有严峻紧急的地方，因此答案为A选项
30.【答案】[C]supportive【解析】题干为The authorsattitudetoCalifornia,s plancan bestbedescribed as.原文最终一句California^splan,which isexpected to be finalizedby thegovernornext year,should serveas amodel.指出力口利福尼亚的支配应当会起到模范作用，由此可知作者对加利福尼亚州支配的看法是支持的阅读选项可知C选项supportive支持为正确答案Text3American farmershave beencomplaining of labor shortagesforseveral years.The complaintsare unlikely to stop without an overhaulof immigration rules for farm workers.Congress hasobstructed effortsto createa morestraightforwardvisa for agricultural workersthat wouldlet foreign workers staylongerintheU.S.and changejobs withinthe industry.If thisdoesnt change,American businesses,communities,and consumerswillbethelosers.Perhaps halfof U.S.farm laborersare undocumentedimmigrants.As fewersuch workersenter thecountry,the characteristicsof theagricultural workforce arechanging.Today sfarm laborers,whilestill predominantlyborn inMexico,are morelikely to be settledrather than migratingand morelikelytobe marriedthan single.Theyre alsoaging.At thestart ofthis century,about one-third ofcropworkers wereover theage of
35.Now morethan halfare.And pickingcrops is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated curefor thislaborshortage remainsas implausibleas it s beenall along:Native U.S.workers wontbe returning to the farm.Mechanization isn,ttheanswer,either一not yer,at least.Production ofcorn,cotton,rice,soybeans,and wheathas beenlargelymechanized,but manyhigh-value,labor-intensive corps,such asstrawberries,need labor.Even dairyfarms,where robotsdo asmallshare ofmilking,have along wayto gobefore they,re automated.As aresult,farms havegrown increasinglyreliant ontemporaryguest workersusing the H-2A visato fillthe gapsinthe workforce.Starting around2023,requests for the visasrose sharply;from2023to2023the number of visasissued morethan doubled.The H-2A visahas nonumerical cap,unlike the H-2B visafornonagricultural work,which islimited to66,000ayear.Even so,employers complainthey aren t givenall theworkers theyneed.Theprocess is cumbersome,expensive,and unreliable.One surveyfoundthat bureaucraticdelays ledthe averageH-2A workerto arriveon thejob22days late.The shortageis compoundedby federalimmigrationraids,which removesome workersand driveothers underground.In a2023survey,71percent oftree-fruit growersand almost80percent ofraisin andberry growerssaid theywere shortoflabor.Somewestern farmershave respondedby movingoperations toMexico.From2023to2000,
14.5percent ofthe fruitAmericans consumedwas imported.Little morethan adecade later,the shareof importswas
25.8percent.In effect,theU.S.can importfood oritcanimport theworkerswho pickit.
31.What problemshould beaddressed accordingto thefirsttwo paragraphsA.Discrimination againstforeignworkersintheU.S.B.Biased lawsin favorofsomeAmerican businesses.C.Flaws in U.S.immigrationrules forfarm workers.D.Decline ofjob opportunitiesU.S.agriculture.
32.One troublewith U.S.agricultural workforceis.A.the risingnumberofillegal immigrantsB.the highmobility ofcrop workersC.the lackof experiencedlaborersD.the agingof immigrantfarm workers
33.What isthe much-argued solutiontothelabor shortageinU.S.farmingA.To attractyounger laborersto farmwork.B.To getnative U.S.workers backto farming.C.To usemore robotsto growhigh-value crops.D.To strengthenfinancialsupportfor farmers.
34.Agricultural employers complain about theH-2A visafor its.A.slow grantingproceduresB.limit onduration ofstayC.tightened requirementsD.control ofannual admissions
35.Which ofthefollowingcould bethe besttitle for this textA.U.S.Agriculture inDeclineB.Import Foodor LaborC.America Savedby MexicoD.Manpower vs.Automation31-35参考答案及解析
31.【答案】[C]Flaws inU.S.immigratinon rulesforfarm workers.【解析】题干为What problemshould beaddressed accordingto thefirsttwo paragraphs原文第一^段第三句The complaintsare unlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulof immigrationrulesforfarm workers.可知假如不修改农场工人的移民法规，这种埋怨不太可能会停止因此可以得出目前须要解决的一个问题是修改农场工人的移民法规C选项意为美国农场工人移民法规的缺陷须要解决，和原文含义一样因此C选项为正确选项
32.【答案】[D]the agingof immigrantfarmworkers【解析】题干为One troublewith U.S.agriculturalworkforceis.原文第三段倒数其次句And pickingcropsishardonolderbodies.可知农作物的活对于老人来说困难，而本句话的前几句提到美国的农场工人年龄上涨，现在一多半人是35岁以上的人，因此可知美国农场劳动力的一个问题是农场工人老龄化D选项为移民农场农人的老龄化，因此D选型为正确选项33【答案】[B]To getnative U.S.workers backto farming.【解析】依据题干What isthe much-argued solutiontothelaborshortage inU.S.fanning中的关键词much-argued solution定位到原文第三段最终一句One oft-debated cureforthislabor shortageremainsas implausibleas itsbeenall along:Native U.S.workerswon tbereturningtothefarm.[B]选项To getnative U.S.workersback tofarming.和该句属于同义替换，因此答案为B选项34【答案】[A]slow graningprocedures.【解析】依据题干Agricultural employerscomplain about theH-2A visaforits.定位到原文第六段其次句Even so,employerscomplainthey aren,t givenall theworkers theyneed.但是我们发觉该句只提到了农场雇主埋怨H-2A visa的事实，而并没有给出题干所问农场雇主埋怨H-2A visa的缘由，而第三句The processiscumbersome,expensive,and unreliable.提到这个过程是耗时的、昂贵的并且不行靠的点名了农场主埋怨的缘由，A选项含义为缓慢的颁发流程，因此A选项为正确选项35【答案】[B]Import Foodor Labor【解析】题干为Which ofthefollowingcouldbethe besttitle forthistext问的是本文最好的标题属于主旨题原文首先提到美国农场存在缺乏农场工人的问题，之后探讨了一些解决方法，并指出这些解决方法不行取，目前比较有效的方法是H-2A签证给临时农场工人，但是H-2A签证颁发的流程慢，须要解决，最终指出美国人须要进口食物或者工人因此可知本文最好的标题应当是B选项Import Foodor Labor”进口食物或者劳动力？”Text4Arnold Schwarzenegger.Dia Mirzaand AdrianGrenier havea messageforyou.It seasy tobeat plastic.They repart ofa bunchofcelebrities starringina new videofor WorldEnvironment Day一encouraging you,the consumer,to swapout yoursingle-use plasticstapleslike strawsand cutleryto combat the plasticscrisis.The keymessages that have beenput togetherfor WorldEnvironmentDay doinclude acall forgovernments toenact legislationto curbsingle-use plastics.But theoverarching messageis directedatindividuals.My concernwith leavingit uptotheindividual,however,is ourlimitedsense ofwhat needstobeachieved.One theirown,taking ourownbags tothe grocerystore orquitting plasticstraws,for example,will accomplishlittle andrequire verylittle of us.They couldevenbe detrimental,satisfying aneed tohave“done ourbit“without everprogressingonto bigger,bolder,more effectiveactions一akindofmoral licensing”that allaysour concernsand stopsus doingmore andaskingmore ofthose incharge.While theconversation aroundour environmentand ourresponsibilitytoward itremains centeredon shoppinghags andstraws,we reignoring thebalance ofpower thatimpliesthatas“consumers“we mustshop sustainably,rather thanas“citizens“hole ourgovernments and industries to account to pushfor realsystemic change.It simportant toacknowledge that the environmentisn teveryonespriority-or evenmost peoples.We shouldnt expectit tobe.In herlatest book,Why GoodPeople DoBad EnvironmentalThings.Wellesley Collegeprofessor ElizabethR.DeSombre arguesthat thebestway tocollectively changethe behaviorof largenumbers ofpeople isforthe change tobe structural.This mightmean implementingpolicy suchasaplastic taxthat addsa cost toenvironmentally problematicaction,or banningsingle-useplastics altogether.India hasjust announceditwill^eliminate allsingle-use plasticinthe
1.[A]Besides[C]Otherwise
2.[A]helps[C]warnsD]reduces
3.[A]initially[B]Therefore_C]occasionally[D]However
4.[A]recording[B]caresg[C]explaining
5.[A]modify[C]review[B]solely[D]reach[D]formally
6.[A]definition[B]lowerin[C]distribution[D]accepting
7.[A]due to_B]setof[C]aside from
8.[A]orderly[B]depiction[C]precise[D]predictionimmediate[B]regardless
9.[A]claims[D]along with[C]reasons countryby
2023.[D]methods“There arealso_B]rigidincentive-based waysofmaking betterenvironmental choiceseasier,suchasensuring recyclingis atleast aseasy astrashdisposal.DeSombre isnt sayingpeople shouldstop caringabout theenvironment.It sjust thatindividual actionsare tooslow,she says,forthattobethe only,or evenprimary,approach tochangingwidespread behavior.None ofthis isabout writingoff theindividual.It sjust aboutputtingthings intoperspective.We donthavetime towait.We needprogressive policies that shape collectiveaction andrein inpollutingbusinesses,alongside engagedcitizens pushingfor change.
36.Some celebritiesstar ina new video toA.demand newlaws on the use of plasticsB.urge consumersto cut the useof plasticsC.invite publicopinion on the plasticscrisisD.disclose thecauses ofthe plasticscrisisE..The authoris concernedthat moral licensing”mayA.mislead usinto doingworthless thingsB.prevent usfrom making further effortsC.weaken oursense ofaccomplishmentD.suppress ourdesire forsuccess
38.By pointingout outidentity“citizens，the authorindicatesthatA.ourfocusshould beshifted tocommunity welfareB.our relationshipwith localindustries isimprovingC.We havebeen activelyexercising ourcivil rightsD.We shouldpress ourgovernment tolead thecombat
39.DeSombre arguesthat thebest way for acollective changeshouldbeA.a win-win arrangementB.a self-driven mechanismC.acost-effective approachD.a topdown process
40.The authorconcludes thatindividual effortsA.canbetoo aggressiveB.canbetoo inconsistentC.are farfrom sufficientD.are farfrom rational36-40参考答案及解析
36.【答案】B.urge consumersto cutthe useof plastics【解析】依据题干的关键词“some celebritiesstar ina newvideo”回文定位首段的第三句话，即uThey arepartofa bunchofcelebrities starringinanewvideofor WorldEnvironment Day一encouraging you,the consumer,to swapout yoursingle-use plasticstapleslike strawsand cutleryto combatthe plasticcrisis.意思是激励消费者削减运用一次性塑料制品，从而对抗塑料危机”细致视察四个选项，我们发觉选项B中的“urge”一词及原文中的encourage”一词属于同义替换，cuttheuseofplasticsv及原文中的uswap outyoursingle-use plasticstaples意思一样，所以正确答案即为B选项
37.【答案】B.prevent usfrom makingfurther efforts【解析】题干中问作者担忧morallicensing可能如何，利用引号中的关键词定位，回到文章第三段最终一句，they couldeven bedetrimental,satisfying aneedtohave“done ourbit“without everprogressingonto bigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions一akindofumoral licensing”that allaysour concernsand stopsus doingmoreand askingmore ofthose incharge.”意为“他们没有实行更大、更明显、更有效的措施...”，细致视察选项，只有选项B中的“prevent usfrommakingfurtherefforts^,即“阻碍我们进一步的行动”，故而正确答案为B选项
38.【答案】D.We shouldpress ourgovernmental tolead thecombat.【解析】依据题干中的关键词“By pointingoutouridentity as“citizens”,the authorindicates that”,我们可以定位到原文中的第四段，因为该段只有一句话，所以依据关键信息我们只须要理解后半句rather thanas citizens”hold ourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushfor realsystematicchange,意即“而不是作为“市民”，去推动我们的政府和行业去做出真正的系统性的变更”意思就是作者希望政府自发作出变更来应对当下的情形，反观选项，只有D选项表达出这一层含义，“我们应当施压于政府使其主导这场斗争”故而正确答案是D选项
39.【答案】D.a topdown process【解析】依据题干中的定位信息“DeSombre”以及thebestways foracollective change”我们可以定位到文中的第
五、六段，uElizaberth R.DeSombre...forthechangetobestructural,大意为这个教授认为集体性的变更大多数人行为最好的方法就是使其变成结构性的，第六段进一步从市民和政府的角度，阐述了这种结构化的变更对比选项，只有D选项“自上而下的过程”最为符合
40.【答案】C.arefar fromsufficient【解析】依据题干信息以及解题的依次原则，我们很快定位到最终一段，“None ofthis isabout writingoff theindividual.It sjust about...We needprogressivepoliciesthatshapecollective actionandrein inpollutingbusiness,alongside engagedcitizens pushingfor change这段话都是作者的观点,作者认为当下时间紧迫，我们须要变更看问题的角度，须要更为进步的政策来推动集体行动以及热心的市民参及进来，单靠个人的努力远远不够，这及C选项中的“远远不够”同义替换，故而正确答案是C选项Part BDirections:You aregoing toread alist ofheadings anda text.Choose themostsuitable headingfromthelist A-G foreach numberedparagraph41-
45.Mark youranswers onthe ANSWERSHEET.10pointsFive waystomakeconversation withanyoneIn choosinganewhome,Camille McClain s kidshave singledemand:a backyard.McClainslittle onearen,ttheonly kidswho havean opinionwhenit comesto housing,andinmany casesyoungsters viewsweighheavily onparentsreal estatedecisions,accordingtoa2023HarrisPoll surveyof morethan2,000U.S.adults.While morefamilies buckan older-generation proclivityto leavekidsinthedark aboutreal estatedecisions,realty agentsandpsychologists havemixed viewsaboutthefinancial,personal andlong-term effectskids opinionsmay have.The ideaof involvingchildren ina bigdecision isa greatideabecause itcan helpthem feela senseof controland ownershipin whatcanbe anoverwhelming process,said Ryan Hooper,clinicalpsychologist inChicago.“Children mayface seriousdifficulties incoping withsignificant moves,especially ifit removesthem fromtheir currentschoolor supportsystem,“he said.Greg Jaroszewski,a real estate brokerswith GagliardoRealtyAssociates,said hesnotconvinced thatkids should be involvedinselecting ahome一but their opinions shouldbe consideredin regardstoproximity tofriends andsocial activities,if possible.Younger children should feel like they re choosingtheir home一without actuallygetting achoice inthe matter,said Adam Bailey,a realestate attorneybased inNew York.Asking themquestions aboutwhat theylike aboutthe backyardofa potentialhome willmake them feel likethey rebeing includedinthe decision-making process,Bailey said.Many ofthe aspectsof homebuyingarenta considerationforchildren,said TraceyHampson,a realestate agentbased inSantaClarita,Calif.And placingtoo muchemphasis ontheir opinionscanruin afantastic homepurchase.“Speaking with your childrenbefore youmake a real estatedecision is wise,but Iwouldn tbase thepurchasing decisionsolelyon theiropinions.Hampson said.The other issue isthat manychiIdren-especially olderones-maybase their realestate knowledge on HGTV shows,said Aaron Norris ofTheNorris Groupin Riverside,Calif.“They loveChip andJoanna Gainesjust asmuch asthe restofus,“he said.HGTV hasseriously changedhow peopleview realestate.It snot shelter,itsa lifestyle.With thatmindset changecomesome seriousmoney consequences.”Kids tendto getstuck inthe featuresand theimmediate benefitstothem personally,Norris said.Parents needto remindtheir childrenthat their needs anddesiresmay change over time,said Julie Gurner,arealestate analystwithFitSmallBusiness.“Their opinionscan changetomorrow,“Gurner said.Harsh as itmay betosay,that decisionshould likelynot bemade contingentona childs opinions,but rathermade for them with great considerationintowhat homecan meettheirneedsbest-and givethem anopportunityto customizeit abit andmake ittheirown.This adviceis morerelevant nowthan everbefore,even asmoreparents wantto embracethe ideasof theirchildren,despite thecurrenthousing crunch.
41.[A]remarks thatsignificantmovesmay posechallenges tochildren解析首先我们通过RyanHooper可以定位到原文第四段Ryan的观点句“The ideaof involvingchildren ina bigdecisionisa greatideabecause itcan helpthemfeela senseof control..”因此很简洁就选到D选线但是通过后面的解题，我们会发觉这个选线更适合做42题的答案因此我们须要重新定位线索句，我们可以看到第五段也是他的观点，“Children mayface seriousdifficulties incoping withsignificantmoves,...及选线A可进行同义替换，因此，41题的正确答案为A
42.[D]thinks thatchildrenshouldbe givena senseof involvementinhomebuying decision解析通过AdamBailey定位到原文第七段及第八段“Young childrenshouldfeelliketheyrechoosing theirhome...decision makingprocess”这一部分内容都是D选项的同义替换因此，42题的正确答案为D
43.[C]advises thathome purchasesshould notbe basedonly onchildrens opinions解析依据人名Taccey Hampson定位到原文第九段，段首句及段尾句均为线索句段首句Many ofthe aspectsof homebuyingarentaconsideration forchildren”及选项C可进行同义替换，表达了说话者所持的否定观点，考生千万要留意选项中的否定词not因此43题的正确答案为C
44.[G]assumes thatmany childrens viewson realestate areinfluencedby the media解析依据人名AaronNorris定位到H k段“丁110otherissueis thatmanychildren...may basedtheirrealestateknowledgeonHGTV shows.，我们能看到关键词“HGTVshows它能及G选线的“themedia”进行同义替换，两者属于上下义词逻辑因此，44题的正确选线为G
45.[F]believes thathomebuying decisionsshouldbebased onchildrens needs ratherthantheiropinions.解析依据人名JulieGurner定位到十四段，“Parents needto remindtheirchildren....changeovertime”至第十五段句末“but rathermadeforthemwithgreatconsideration intowhat homecan meettheirneeds best.”在这一部分信息中，转折连接词but rather以及名词theneeds都是关键信息,刚好对应了F选线“childrensneedsratherthantheir opinion
46.Directions:Translate thefollowing textinto Chinese.Write your translationneatlyonthe ANSWERSHEET.15point sIt is easy to underestimate English writer JamesHeriot.He hadsuchapleasant,readable styleth atone mightthinkthat anyonecould imitateit.H owmany timeshave Iheard peoplesay“I couldw ritea book.I justhaven tthe time.Easily said.Notso easilydone.James Herriot,contrary topupularopinion,didnotfind iteasy inhis early daysof,as heputit,“having ago atthe writinggame”.While heobviously hadanabundanceof naturaltalent,the final,polished workthat he gave tothe worldwas the result of yearsof practising,re-writing andreading.Likethe majorityofauthors,he hadto suffermany disappointmentsand rejectionsalongtheway,but thesemade himall themore determinedto succeed.Everything heachieved inlife wasearned thehard wayand hissuccessintheliterary fieldwas no exception.46参考答案及解析
10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed[B]overlook
11.[A]track[D]report[C]conceal
12.[A]depend on[B]approveof©hold ontoD]account for
13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm FDprepare[B]features
14.[A]results[D]te[C]rulessts
15.[A]boredB]anxious[C]hungry_D]sick
16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief[D]sign
17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decisionD]wish我们很简洁低估英国作家吉米哈利他的作品秉承一种令人快乐的，・易读的风格，以至于有人认为任何人都可以仿照许多次我听到人们说“我能写一本书，我只是没有时间”说来简洁，做来难及大家所想的相反，早年吉米哈利发觉写作并非易事，正如他所言“尝试写作游戏”・尽管很明显他极具写作天赋，但他呈现给世界的最终出版作品也是历经多年练习，重写及阅读的结果及大多数作家一样，一路走来，他阅历了多次的悲观及拒绝，但这一切使他更坚决了获得成功的决心他生命中获得的成就源于他的艰苦努力，他在文学领域的成功绝非偶然【解析】第一句中，“It”属于形式主语，代指后面的underestimateEnglishwriterJamesHerriot”在番羽译的过程中o“Itiseasyto”可翻译为“人们（或人们）很简洁Easily said.Not easilydone”依据汉语的习惯，翻译为“说来简洁，做来难”即可后半部分的翻译，大家须要额外留意定语的处理“thefinal,published workthat hegave tothe worldwas theresults of...”这个句子的主干时“theworkwastheresultof...”hegaveto theworld”属于定语从句，修饰及限定“the final,published work最终一句noexception”,直译表示“不是例外”，我们也可意译为“他在文学领域的成功绝非偶然”Section IVWritingPart A
47.Directions:Suppose youhavetocancel yourtravel planandwill notbe ableto visitprofessor Smith,write himan emailtoSuppose ProfessorSmith askedyou to planadebate onthe themeoftraffic.Write himan emailto1Suggest aspecific topicwithyourreasons,and2Tell himabout yourarrangements.You shouldwrite about100words onthe ANSWERSHETE.Do notuse yourone name.Use“Li Ming“instead.10points
47.【作文范文】Dear Prof.Smith,It smy pleasuretoplanthe debateon citytraffic,and Iamwriting mainlyto putforward adviceonthe topic ofthis debateandintroduce mypreliminary arrangementsconcerned.To beginwith,the debatecanbeconducted with thetopicof“ByBus orBy Bike“ontheground thata hostof residentspreferconvenient vehiclesto reducetime costunder thebackground ofincreasinglyheavy citytraffic.Therefore,the participantsin thisdebatecan takean activepart init due to theirreal experienceindaily life.Regarding thearrangements ofthe debate,itwillbe heldinthe auditoriumon ourcampus Dec.28th,
2023.Anyone interestedinthis debatecan app1yforparticipation atthe StudentsUnion OfficebeforeDec.24th.Finally,a watchwillbeawarded tothe winnerofthe debate.It willbe highlyappreciated ifyou couldgive mean earlyreplyor somecomments onmy plan.Yourssincerely,Zhang Wei【参考范文译文】敬重的史密斯教授，特殊荣幸能够组织这次有关城市交通的辩论我写信来主要是提议这次辩论的主题并介绍有关此次辩论的初步支配首先，这次辩论可以围绕“开车还是骑车”绽开，因为在城市交通日益拥堵的背景下，许多人更宠爱便捷的交通方式以节约时间成本因此，这次辩论的参及者可以依据日常生活中的实际阅历主动参及到辩论中来关于这次辩论的支配举办时间为2023年10月28日，地点在我校礼堂；获奖者会得到一块手表假如您给早日回复我或者给我提一些建议和看法，我会特殊感谢您真诚的，张【作文点评】首先，从形式来讲，2023考研英语
（二）小作文的出题形式基本和历年真题保持一样，给出一个简要的指导，且照旧持续了历年小作文两点提纲的风格但是，不变中蕴含的却是变更，参加过考试的考生确定在考场上就发觉，2023考研英语
（二）小作文的署名发生了变更，由“李明”换回了“张伟”这又缘何说起呢？简要回顾2023年到2023年考研英语
（二）小作文的署名，我们发觉，从2023年到2023年，署名均以“张伟”的形式出现；之后从2023年到2023年,除却2023年的通知，均要求以“李明”署名结束然而，2023再次换回“张伟”，这就提示广袤考生，考场上确定要细致审题，不能放过题目中的任何信息，否则都会造成失分其次，从难易程度上来看，2023考研英语
（二）基本也和历年真题持平题目是围绕一个有关城市交通的辩论绽开的话题，具体来说就是一位史密斯教授让“你”制定一个有关城市交通主题辩论的支配,并写出你对整场辩论的支配“城市交通”是贴近考生生活的话题，所以，针对这一话题，广袤考生不用担忧缺乏行文思路，导致难以落笔其次，有关辩论的支配，细致分析，跟2023年以及2023年考研英语
（二）小作文有相像之处2023年是关于慈善义卖活动的电子邮件，2023年是招募志愿者的夏令营的通知，涉及活动必定要求写明活动起止时间、持续时间以及活动地点，所以，细致备考过的考生在写其次点提纲时可以借鉴2023年和2023年背过的句式及表达进行写作不过，从另一方面来看，2023考研英语
（二）小作文可能困扰考生的地方在于“debate”一词，该词对基础扎实的考生构不成威逼，但对于基础薄弱的学生可能是致命一击，所以，单词是考研英语备考的基石，文都教化的1575词汇书还得是广袤考生备考的必选书目此外，另一个须要留意的点便是“arrangement”一词，该词是可数名词，通常运用复数，若考生在行文中提出多点支配，必需运用该词的复数形式“arrangements”Part B
48.Directions:Write anessay basedonthechart below.In yourwriting,you should1interpret thechart,and2give yourcommentsYou shouldwrite about150words ontheANSWERSHEET.15points某高校2023年和2023年本科毕业生去向统计
48.【作文范文】The graphshows thatchangesinthe choicesof graduatesof acertainuniversity in fives timefrom2023to
2023.According tothebar charts,a significantportion ofstudents soughtemployment aftergraduation,this portionaccounts68%in2023and droppedslightly to60%in
2023.And amodest portionof graduateswanted topursue furthereducation,withthe number grewsightly from26%to34%infiveyearstime.Of thethree choices,setting upa companywas obviouslytheminority,s choice,asit is shown,only
1.3%choose to start abusinessand thefigure roseto
2.6%attheend ofthe period.The reasonsbehind mightbe asfollows.Most studentswould prefertofind ajob so that theycould gainthe skillsand experiencethatare crucialforabrighter careerpath;Besides,most jobsonly requirethatapplicants havebachelor degreeso mostgraduates arequalified.Despite ofthat,the competitionfor well-paid jobsis stillfierce,accompanied withuniversities,policy toexpand the number ofpostgraduates,more studentschoose topursue higherdegree.At last,itisvery challengingtostarta businiessfor graduateswho lacktheresources andexperience,sothatnumber wasvery small.With morefavorableconditions providedby governmentto encouragehigh-technology start-ups,some graduateswere willingto taketheopportunity tobecome entrepreneurs.Overall,from2023to2023,majority ofstudents foundemploymentafter graduationand the number fellslightly.A smallernumber choosetopursue higherdegree,andthesmallest numberchoose tostart abusiness,thoughthelast twogroups sawa lightgrowth.【参考范文译文】柱状图显示了在2023年到2023年间某高校学生毕业之后选择的变更绝大部份学生选择毕业之后找工作，2023年，这部分占了68%到了2023年略有下降，降到了60%毕业之后选择接着深造的人数居中，并略有上升，从26%上升到34%,毕业后选择创业的人数最少，但也有上升趋势，从
1.3%上升到
2.6%背后的缘由是，大部分选择工作，这样能够获得技能和阅历，为以后职业道路铺路；另外大多数岗位对学历的要求是本科学位，大多数人都能够满足这个要求但是由于好的岗位竞争照旧激烈，所以选择深造的人数虽没有第一类多，但是还是有所上升第三类人数最少,因为创业须要资源和阅历，要求很高,但是有政府的激励创业的政策,还是有更多的人投入到创业当中，但是人数照旧是三者当中最少的综上所述，毕业工作的人最多，人数略有下降，深造的居中创业的人最少【作文点评】在描述柱状图的时候，须要描写增加或者削减，同时还要描写趋势和状态，接下来给大家供应一些如何描写这些变更的句子表示增减的动词increase,go up,rise,soar up/decrease,decline,dwindle,reduce.开头的句子
1.thenumberdata showusedatthe beginning oftheintroduction orbody paragraph
2.the first...shows....while thesecond...showsused atthebeginning oftheintroduction whenthere aretwosets of data.
3.thenumberof...follows aremarkably similartrendusedat thebeginningofa bodyparagraphto providean overviewwhen twoore moresetsofdatadisplay similartrends描述趋势的句子
4.increased throughouttheperiod from..to..impliesthat thegraph islinear
5.thenumber/amount of...varied form_B]surprising
18.[A]disappointing_D]consuming[C]restricting
19.[A]ifB]unlessbecause[D]co[C]untilnsuming
20.[A]obsessing©puzzling[B]dominating1-20参考答案及解析[D]triumphing
1.[答案][D]However［解析］此处是逻辑关系考点空格前面说到定期称重可以帮助我们关注自身体重的明显变更，这是正面描述，但是空格后面说的是负面描述，我们可以从词汇hurt上面感觉到语气的转变，所以，我们这里选择D,However（然而）.所给的答案中［A］Besides（除此之外），［B］Therefore（因此），［D］Otherwise（否则），意思都不符合题意
2.［答案］［A】helps［解析］此处是考查词义复现空格所在的句子的意思是说这种习惯的坏处有时候要比...多，很明显想表达的意思是弊大于利，所以空格处应当写表示利的同义词，这里所给的答案中，A helps（有帮助）复合题意，其他［B］cares（关切），［C］warns（警告）,［D］reduces（削减）带入句中都不符合题意
3.［答案］［B】solely［解析］此处是词汇考查空格所在的句子的意思是每天称重会让我转译留意力到体重的数值上，而不是宽泛的身体健康上此处和后面的4题的数值也很匹配，所以答案是B solely表示仅仅而其他答案［A］initially（最初地）［B］solely（仅仅地）［C］occasionally（间或地）［D］formally（正式地）都不合题意
4.［答案］［B】lowering［解析］此处是词义辨析题空格所在的句子的意思和上文3空格的意思想对应，我虽然体重增加是由于肌肉的增加，但是我所想的是体重秤上的数字增大了，所以会关注怎样把数字降下来，所以这里应当选择是B（lowering）降低的意思其他选项［A］recording（记录）［C］explaining（说明）［D］accepting（接受）都不能表达此意
5.［答案］［D】reach［解析］此处是固定搭配题达到目的是reach thegoal这句话的意思是上面的关注点的变更和我为了达到目的熬炼身体的支配相违反和目标goal相匹配的是reacho其它选项［A］modify（修改）［B］set（设立）［C］review（复习）都不符合题意
6.［答案］［B］depiction［解析］此处是词义辨析题空格所在的句子在这段话的首句，和上段是并列的位置，我们可以从用词also看出其中的逻辑所以这段话说的是这个关注点变更的不利方面空格前面是精准的（accurate）,后面应当是数值显示的意义，所以这里B答案depiction（描述）是复合题意的其它选项［A］definition（定义）［C］distribution（支配）［D］prediction（预料）都不符合题意
7.［答案］［A】due to［解析］此处是短语辨析题看空格所在句子的意思是由于支配的调整，三个星期到一个月后，我才发觉我的体重有明显的变更［A］dueto表示因为，复合题意其他三个选项［B］regardless of（尽管）［C］aside from（除了）［D］along with（随着）带入句子都通顺,所以不入选
8.［答案］［D］immediate［解析］此处是词义辨析题这句话的意思是最明显的变更将会体现在技能水平，力气和尺寸三个方面其他三个选项［A］orderly（有依次的）［B］rigid（肃穆的）［Clprecise（精准的）和后面changes搭配都不符合句意
9.［答案］［C】reasons［解析］此处是固定搭配辨析题由于这个缘由（For thesejudgments）,我停止了每天称重并且改为每月两次称重的频率其它选项［A］claims（要求,索赔），［B］judgments（推断），［D］methods（方法）带入都不符合题意
10.［答案］［A】instead［解析］此处是词义辨析题空格所在的句子是在描述两个不同的现象，所以有取代关系，我们选择A instead表示取而代之，复合题意，其它选项［B］though（尽管），［C］again（又再）［D］indeed（的确）都不符合题意
11.［答案］［A】track［解析］此处是词义辨析题空格所在句子的意思是因为降体重不再是我的目标，所以每周都跟踪我的体重就变得不再重要所以我们选择A track表示的是跟踪其它选项［B］overlook（忽视）［C］conceal（隐藏）［D］report（报道）都不符合题意
12.［答案］［D】account for［解析］此处是逻辑和固定搭配辨析题这句话的意思是每隔两周称重可以使我视察到明显变更并会找到变更的缘由所以我们选择Daccount for表示说明的意思其它选项［A］depend on（依据），［B］approve of（同意）［C］hold onto（坚持）都不符合题意
13.［答案］［B】adjust［解析］此处是词义辨析题这里依据上文说的每两周称重的好处，下面的句子是说这一切可以告知我何时调整我的熬炼支配依据选项，我们可以找到B adjust调整是正确的选择项其他选项:_D］prepare（准备）［A］share（分项）［C］confirm（断言）都不符合题意
14.［答案］［A】results［解析］此处是词义辨析题依据句子尾部的aswell,我们可以知道这句话的意思是对上一段的持续，表达的是我利用我的体重增加的数量可以了解我的养分摄入状况所以这里选择A results表达增重的结果其它选项［B］features（特点）［C］rules（规则）［D］tests（试验）都不符合题意
15.［答案］［C】hungry［解析］此处是词义辨析题这句话主要是承接上文说到的养分摄入，所以我们选择C hungry表示饥饿，和后面体重下降也有因果逻辑关系其它选项［A］bored（郁闷的），［B］anxious（焦虑的）,Msick（有病的）都不符合题意
16.［答案］［D】sign［解析］此处是词义辨析题空格所在的句子表达的意思是上面的现象是一种迹象，题型我须要增加日常的卡路里的摄入，和上文讲到的养分摄入相呼应其它选项［A］principle（原则）［B］secret（隐私）［C］belief（信仰）都不符合题意
17.［答案］【口decision［解析］此处是词义辨析题空格前面有定冠词，所以此处应当是名词，这句话表达的意思是称重支配的变更对我自身已经有了明显的效果Wonders是个主动面的词汇，所以这件事情已经发生了，选择Cdecision是最符合题意的其它选项［A］request（要求），［B］necessity（必要性），［D］wish（愿望）都不符合题意
18.［答案］［A】disappointing［解析］此处是词义辨析题空格处应当是形容词，修饰后面的morning,这句话的意思是说我不再担忧早上会增加体重，之。
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