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考研英语模拟题⑴2023Section IUse ofEnglish Directions:Read thefollowing text.Choose thebest words fromeach numberedblank andmark A»B»C or1on ANSWERSHEET
1.10points
一、美陪审团制度As formercolonists ofGreatBritain,theFounding FathersoftheUnited Statesadopted muchofthe legal system ofGreatBritain.WehaveaMcommonlaw”,orlawmadebycourts_l_amonarchorothercentralgovernmental_2_likealegislature.Thejury,a_3_ofordinarycitizenschosen todecide acase,isan_4_partofourcommon-lawsystem.Useofjuries todecidecasesisa_5_featureoftheAmericanlegalsystem.FewothercountriesintheworldusejuriesaswedointheUnitedStates._6_thecenturies,manypeoplehavebelievedthatjuries inmost casesreach afairer andmore justresult_7_would beobtainedusing ajudge_8_,as manycountries do._9_a jurydecidescasesafter」0_,ordiscussionsamongagroupofpeople,thejury*sdecisionislikelytohavethe_l1_frommanydifferentpeoplefromdifferent backgrounds,who mustas a groupdecide whatis right.Juries areused inboth civilcases,which decide_12_among_13_citizens,and criminalcases,which decidecases broughtbythegovernment_14_thatindividualshavecommittedcrimes.JuriesareselectedfromtheU.S.citizensand_15_.Jurors,consistingof_16_numbers,are calledfor eachcase requiringajury.The judge_17_to thecase_18_the selectionof jurorsto serveas thejuryforthat case.In somestates,_19_jurors arequestioned bythejudge;in others,they arequestioned bythelawyersrepresenting the_20_underrules dictatedbystatelaw.
1.[A]other than[B]rather than[C]morethan[D]orrather
2.[A]agency[B]organization[C]institution[D]authority
3.[A]panel[B]crew[C]band[D]flock
4.[A]innate[B]intact[C]integral[D]integrated
5.[A]discriminating[B]distinguishing[C]determining[D]diminishing
6.[A]in[B]by[C]after[D]over
7.[A]that[B]which[C]than[D]as
8.[A]alike[B]alone[C]altogether[D]apart
9.[A]Although[B]Because[C]If[D]While
10.[A]deliberations[B]meditations[C]reflections[D]speculations
11.[A]outline[B]outcome[C]input[D]intake
12.[A]arguments[B]controversies[C]disputes[D]hostilities
13.[A]fellow[B]individual[C]personal[D]private
14.[A]asserting[B]alleging[C]maintaining[D]testifying
15.[A]assembled[B]evoked[C]rallied[D]summoned
16.[A]set[B]exact[C]given[D]placed
17.[A]allocated[B]allotted[C]appointed[D]assigned
18.[A]administers[B|manages[C]oversees[D]presides
19.[A]inspective[B]irrespective[C]perspective[D]prospective
20.[A]bodies[B]parties[C]sides[D]units答案I.B
2.D
3.A
4.C
5.B
6.D
7.C
8.B
9.B
10.AII.C
12.C
13.D
14.B
15.D
16.A
17.D
18.C
19.D
20.B该公司估算,在一个都市人严峻依靠列车作为上下班交通工具的国度里,每天大约有1600万人因各种缘由来到它的车站因此,在车站收取物品使消费者节约了路途而且也不像往家里递送那样简洁丢失东日本铁路已经起先把车站的便利店用于这一目的,但它打算为网上货物的递送创立特地的空间该公司还打算引入智能卡(在日本称为IC卡,因为它们利用集成电路储存信息)取代目前运用的磁卡作为车票和定期券,把各种不同的票券合为一体这将为公司节约资金,因为IC卡的读卡机比磁系统要便宜的多IC卡运用的增加还将会削减售票所占用的空间
八、老龄化AgingposesaseriouschallengecoOECDOrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentcountries»inparticular,howtopay forfuture public pension liabilities.And earlyretirement placesan_1—burden onpension financing.There isno easysolution,but_2_retirement couldhelp.Early retirementmay seemlike aworthy individualgoal,but it is asocially_3—one,and makesthe presentpublicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong.The_4—reasonisthatmorepeoplearcretiringearlyandlivinglonger.Thatmeansmoreretireesdependingon he_5_of thosein workfor heirincome.The_6_is worrying,in thenext50years,low fertilityrates and_7—life expectancyinOECD countrieswill causethis old-age dependencyrate toroughly double_8_size.Public pensionpayments,which afford30-80%oftotal retirementincomes inOECD countries,are—9—to rise,on average,by overthree percentagepoints inGDP andby asmuch aseightpercentage pointsin somecountries._10_is thepressureonpension fundsthat there isa dangeroftodays workers not gettingthepensionsthey expectedor feltthey_11_for.Action isneeded,_12_simply aimingtoreduce the_13_and costofpublicpensions,ortrying to_14_therole ofprivatelyfundedpensions withinhesystem,though necessarysteps»may be_15_to dealwiththedependency challenge.After yearsof_16_earlyretirement schemestoavoid_17—and higherunemployment,many governmentsare nowlooking_18_persuading peopletostay inworkuntilhey areolder.Surely,he thinkinggoes,ifweare healthiernowand jobsarephysically less_19—and unemploymentisdown»then perhapsthe_20—rateshould riseanew.
1.[A]unsolvableB|additional[C]unsustainable[D]undue
2.[A]delaying[B]retaining[C]detaining[D]hindering
3.[A]ultimate[Bj unattainable[C]specific ID]expensive
4.[A]substantial[B]essential[Clpotential[D]controversial
5.[A]donating[B]sponsoring[CJ subsidizing[D]funding
6.[A|outlook B]outcome[C]outbreak[D]outset
7.[A]prolonging[B]expanding[C]soaring[D]rising
8.[A]in[B]on[C]by[D]fbr
9.[A]conceived fB]reckoned fC]expected[D]meant
10.1A]As[B]Such[C]So[D]ItIl.[A]should pay[B]paying[C]bepaid[D]would pay
12.[A]but[B]for[C]and[D]thus
13.[A]inultilude[B]implementation[C|application|D]generosity
14.[A]exaggerate[B]augment[C]magnify[D]multiply
15.[A]insufficient B]influential[C]inefficient[D]intrinsic
16.JA]advancing|B]previous[C]ahead[D]preceding
17.[A]suspensions[B|abundances[CJ redundancies[D]discrepancies I8JA]for[B]tofC]about[D]at
19.[A]turbulent[B]strenuous[C]compact[D]intricate
20.[A]dependency[B]fertility[C]present[D]mortality答案l.C
2.A
3.D
4.B
5.D
6.A
7.D
8.A
9.C
10.BI
1.C
12.A
13.D I
4.B
15.A
16.A
17.C
18.DI
9.B
20.C总体分析本文主要探讨了老龄化给经合组织国家现存养老体系带来的挑战文章第一段指出老龄化给经合组织国家带来的挑战,并提出推迟退休可能对解决该问题有所帮助其次段分析了早退休给养老体系带来的问题,即越来越多的人早退休而寿命延长,随着诞生率的降低,就会有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人来为他们养老,养老金在国家财政中所占的比例增加,成为无法承受的负担第三段探讨了解决方法,指出仅仅削减公共养老金的数量,增加私有养老的比例是不够的,许多政府在考虑劝服人们晚退休全文翻译老龄化给经合组织国家,尤其是在如何支付将来的公共养老金负债方面,带来了严峻的挑战早退休给退休金的融资带来r难以承受的负担没有什么简洁的解决方案,但推迟退休(年龄)可能有所帮助早退休可能看起来是个值得追求的个人目标,但对于社会来说却是昂贵的,它使当前的公共养老金系统难以许久基本缘由是更多的人退休早而寿命却更长这意味着更多的退休人员要依靠在职者的资助作为收入这一前景是令人担忧的将来50年,经合组织国家的低诞生率和预期寿命的增加将使这•老年依靠率提高大约•倍占经合组织国家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出,在国内生产总值中的比例预期将平均增加超过三个百分点,而在有些国家甚至会增加八个百分点养老基金的压力如此之大以至于现在的工人有得不到他们预期或认为应当得到的养老金的紧急行动是必需的,但仅仅试图削减公共养老金的慷慨度或增加系统内私有养老金的作用,尽管是必要的,但在应对这种依靠挑战方面仍是不够的前些年为了避开卜岗及高失业,政府实行提前早退休的方案,而现在许多政府正考虑劝说人们晚点退休当然,他们是这么想的,假如现在我们更加健康了、工作对体力的要求降低了、失业率也降低了,那么(工作)出席率可能也该重新上升了
九、罗马人的建国The successof Augustusowedmuch tothecharacter ofRoman theorizingabout thestate.TheRomans didnot produce ambitiousblueprints1theconstruction ofidea_1_states,such as_2_totheGreeks.With veryfew exceptions,Romantheorists ignored,orrejected_3_valueless intellectualexercises likePlatosRepublic,in_4_therelationship oftheindividualto thestatewas_5_outpainstakinglywithoutreferenceto_6_statesorindividuals.TheclosesttheRomancametotheGreekmodelwasCicerosDeRePublica,and evenhereCicero hadRomeclearly in_7_.Roman houghiabout thestatewasconcrete,even whenit_8—religious andmoralconcepts.Thefirst rulerofRome,Romulus,was—9—to havereceived authorityfrointhegods»specifically fromJupiter,the^guarantor^ofRome.Allconstitutional_10_wasamethodofconferringandadministeringthe_11_.Veryclearlyitwasbelievedthatonlytheassembly of the_12_,thefamily headswho formedtheoriginal senate,_13_thereligious characternecessarytoexerciseauthority,becauseits originalfunction was to_14_thegods.Being practicalas wellas exclusive»thesenators moved_15_to dividetheauthority,holding that theirconsuls,orchief officials,would possessiton_16_months,and laterextendingits possessiontolowerofficials._17_he importantachievement wastocreate theideaofconlinuing_18_aulhority embodiedonly temporarilyin certainupper-class individualsand conferredonly_19—themass of thepeople concurred.The systemgrew with enormous_20_as newofficesand assemblieswere createdand almostnonediscarded.I.[A]with[B]for[C]in[D]to
2.[A]tempted B|attracted[C]appealed|D]transferred
3.[A]on[B]for[C]as[D]about
4.[A]which B|that[C]what[D]it
5.[A]urned[B]worked[C]brought[D]made
6.[A]special[BJ specific[C]peculiar[D]particular
7.[A]existence[B]store[C]reality[D]mind
8.[A]abandoned[B]caught[C]separated[D]involved
9.[A]told[B]held[CJ suggested[DJadvised
10.[A]tendency IB]procedure[Cldevelopment[D]relation
11.[A]authority[B]power[C]control[D]ruling
12.[A]officers[B]men[C]administrators[D]fathers
13.[A]possessed fB]claimed[C]assured[D]enforced
14.AJ confirm[B]confer[C]consult[D]consider
15.[Alover[B]along[C]on[D]about
16.[AJalternate[B]different[CJ varied[D]several
17.[A]And[B]So[C]Or[D]But
18.[A]state[B]countiy[C]people[D]national
19.[A]as|B]when[C]if[D]so
20.[A]dimension[B]complexity[C]exercise[D]function答案I.B
2.C
3.C
4.A
5.B
6.D
7.D
8.D
9.B
10.CII.A
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.C
16.A
17.D
18.A
19.B
20.B总体分析本文介绍了罗马人有关国家建设的理论第一句指出罗马人有关国家形成的理论很有特点其次句至第五句指出,罗马人的理论与希腊人的大不相同,是特殊详细的第六句至文章结尾详细阐述了罗马人关于国家权力的全部和支配形式全文翻译奥古斯都罗马帝国第一代皇帝的成功很大程度上归功于罗马人将国家理论化的特点罗马人没有制定出让希腊人感爱好的建设志向国家的宏伟蓝图在柏拉图的《志向国》中不涉及详细个人或国家的一种个人与国家之间的关系被详细地设计出来,但罗马理论家们几乎无一例外地忽视或拒绝接受像《志向国》这样的智力训练,认为它们亳无价值罗马人最接近希腊模式的是西塞罗的《论国家》,甚至在这本书中西塞罗的心中已经对罗马有了特殊清楚的想法即使涉及到宗教和道德概念,罗马人关于国家的想法也是详细的罗马的第一位统治者罗穆卢斯被认为从神,尤其是从罗马的守护神宙斯那里获得了权力全部宪法的发展都是一种赐予和监督这种权力的方法很明显,人们信任只有先父们的立法机构,即一家之主们组成的最初的参议院,才拥有行使这种权力所必需的宗教特质,因为它最初的功能是寻求神的启示既实际又排外的参议员们将权力再进一步分割,认为他们的司法官或总管官员,将每隔一个月拥有这项权力,并在之后将其拥有权扩大到更低等级的官员但是重要的成就是创建了持续的国家权力的概念,这种权力只是临时体现在某些上层阶级的个人身上,并且只有当一般大众一样同意的时候才被赐予当新的部门和立法机构被创建出来并且几乎没有任何一个被推弃的时候,这个系统变得越来越困难
十、苏美尔人All Sumeriancities recognizeda numberof godsin common,including thesky god,the lordof storms,and themorning and eveningstar._1_the Sumerianworshipped the goddess offertility,love,and war,she wasevidently lower_2_status thanthe malegods,indicatingthatinamoreurbanizedsocietythe_3—thatthepeoplesofprevioustimeshadpaidtotheearthmothergoddesshad_4_.Thegods seemedhopelessly violentand_5_,and oneslife aperiod ofslavery attheir easywill.The epicpoem TheCreation emphasizesthat_6_were createdto enablethe godsto_7_up working.Each citymoreover hadits owngod,who wasconsidered to_8_the templeliterallyandwhowasintheorytheownerofallpropertywithinthecity._9_thepriestswhointerpretedthewillofthegodandcontrolledthe_10_oftheeconomicproduceofthecitywerefavored_11—theirsupernatural andmaterialfunctions_12—.When,after
3.000B.C.,growing warfareamong thecities mademilitary leadership_13_,thehead ofthearmywho becamekingassumed an—14—position betweenthegod,whose agenthe was,and thepriestly class,whom hehad bothto useand to_15—.Thus kingandpriests representedthe upperclass in a hierarchicalsociety._16_them werehe scribes,the secularattendants of the temple,who_17_every aspectof thecitys economic life and who developeda roughjudicial system._18_the templeofficials,society wasdivided among anelite or_19_group oflarge landowners and militaryleaders;a mixedgroup ofmerchants,artisans,and craftsmen,free peasantswho_20_themajorityof thepopulation;and slaves.
1.A]Unless[B]As[C]Lest[D]Although
2.[A]on[B]in[C]with[D]about
3.[A]worship[B]reverence[C]admiration[DIgratitude
4.[A]vanished[B]recovered[CJ declined[Djattained
5.[A]unpredictable[B]unforgivablefC]unlimited[D]unlikely
6.[A]creatures[B]animals[C]men[D]mortals
7.[A]use[B]turn[C]give[D]back
8.[A]inhabit[B]live[C]reside[D]lodge
9.|A]Hence[B|Thereafter[C]Somehow[D]Incidentally
10.[A]introductionfBl transaction[Cl distributionfDlprovision
11.[A]as[B]for[Cj under[D|of
12.[A]along[B|anyway[C]afterwards|D]alike
13.[A]additional[B]vital[C]singular[D]exceptional
14.[A]alternative[B]secondary[C]intennediate[D]fundamental
15.[A]pacify[B]tempt[C]suppress[D]manipulate
16.[AJBeside[B]Beyond[C]Below[D]Before
17.fA]supervised[B]held[C]managed[D]presided
18.[AJAround[B]Under[C]Above[D]Outside
19.[Alleading[B]noble[C]controlling[D]principal
20.[A]consist[B]compose[C]compile[D]consume答案I.D
2.B
3.B
4.C
5.A
6.D
7.C
8.A
9.A
10.CII.B
12.D
13.B
14.C
15.A
16.C
17.A
18.D
19.B
20.B总体分析本文介绍了苏美尔人对神的崇拜及由此引起的社会阶层的划分第•句至第四句为•个意群,主要介绍了苏美尔人对神的崇拜,以及神凌驾于人之上第五句至倒数其次句为一个意群,介绍了由于对神的崇拜而出现的社会上层阶层及其职能末句附带说明白在宗教体系之外的社会阶层全文翻译全部的苏美尔城邦都认可许多共同的神,包括天空之神、风暴之王、晨星和昏星虽然苏美尔人崇拜代表繁衍、爱和斗争的女神,但她在地位上却明显低于男性神这表明在一个更趋都市化的社会中,过去时代的民族曾经致以大地母亲神的敬意已经削减神似乎都极其暴力且捉摸不定,人的一生成为任他们摆布和奴役的•生史诗《创世记》中强调人类被创建出来是为了使神放弃劳动而且每一座城邦都有它自己的神,该神被认为的确居住在庙宇里,理论上则是城邦里全部财产的拥有者因此诠释神的意志并且限制城市经济产品的支配的僧侣以他们超自然的以及在物质方面享有的功能而受到青睐公元前3000年以后,当城市不断增多的战事使军事领导才能变得特殊重要时,成为国王的军队首领占据了在神与僧侣阶层之间的位置,他是神的代言人,对僧侣阶层既利用又安抚因此在一个等级社会中国王和僧侣代表了上层阶级居于他们之下的是书吏,即,庙宇世俗的侍臣,他监督城市经济生活的方方面面,并制定粗略的司法体系在庙宇官员之外,社会被划分为四类人大地主和军事领导人这样一群精英和贵族人群;商人、工匠和技工的混合群体占人口大部分的自由农夫;奴隶
十一、情人节的来历ValentinesDaymaycomefromtheancientRomanfeastofLupercalia.1thefiercewolvesroamednearby»theoldRomanscalled_2—thegod Lupercustohelp them.A festivalin his_3—was heldonFebruary15th.On theeveofthefestival the_4_ofthegirls werewrittenon_5_ofpaper andplaced injars.Each youngman_6_aslip.The girlwhosenamewas_7—wasto behissweetheart fortheyear.Legend_8_it thattheholidaybecame Valcntinc4s Day_9_aRoman priestnamed Valentine.Emperor ClaudiusII_10_the RomansoldiersNOT tomarryorbecomeengaged.Claudiusfell marriedsoldiers would_11_stay homethanfight.WhenValentine_12_theEmperor andsecretly marriedtheyoung couples,hewas putto deathonFebruary14th,the_13_ofLupercalia.After hisdeath,Valentine becamea_14_.Christianpriests movediheholiday fromthe15th tothe14th—Valentines Day.Now theholidayhonorsValentine_15_ofLupercus.Valentines Day has become amajor_16_oflove andromance inthemodem world.Theancient godCupidand his17_into alovers heart may stillbe usedto_18_falling inlove orbeing inlove.But wealso usecards andgifts,such asflowers orjewelry,to dothis.―19—to giveflower oa wifeor sweethearton Valentines Day cansometimes beas—20—as forgettingabirthday orawedding anniversary.
1.[A]While[B]When[C]Though[D]Unless
2.[A]upon[B]back[C]off[D]away
3.[A]honor[B]belief[C]hand[D]way
4.[A]problems[B]secrets[C]names[D]inieniions
5.[A]rolls[B]piles[C]works[D]slips
6.[AJcast[B]caught[Cj drew[D]found
7.[A]given[B]chosen[C]elected[D]delivered
8.[AJ tells[B]means[C]makes[D]has
9.[A]after[B]since[C]as[DIfrom
10.[A]ordered[B]pleaded[C]envisioned[D]believed
11.[A]other[B]simply[C]rather[D]all
12.[A]disliked[B]defied[C]defeated[D]dishonored
13.A]celebration[B]arrangement[C]feast[D]eve
14.[A]goat[Bl saint[Cl model[D]weapon
15.[A]because[B]made[C]instead[D]learnt
16.[A]part B]representativefCl judgement[D]symbol
17.[A]story[B]wander[CJarrow[Dj play18JA]portray[B]require[C]demand[D]alert
19.[A]Keeping[B]Disapproving[C]Supporting[D]Forgetting
20.|A]constructive|B]damaging[C]reinforcing[D]retorting答案l.B
2.A
3.A
4.C
5.D
6.C
7.B
8.D
9.A
10.A1I.C
12.B
13.D
14.B
15.C
16.D I
7.C
18.AI9D.
20.B总体分析本文介绍了情人节的由来第一段介绍情人节的前身牧神节以及该节口里抽签选恋人的庆祝活动其次段介绍情人节是为了纪念一位罗马牧师第三段指出情人节已经成为爱的主要象征全文翻译圣瓦伦丁节即,情人节可能源自古罗马的牧神节当猛烈的狼群在四周游荡时,古老的罗马人请求牧神卢帕克斯来帮助他们一个向该神表达敬意的节日于2月15日实行在这个节日的前夕女孩们的名字被写在纸条上并放入罐中每位年轻的男子都抽一张纸条,被抽中名字的女孩在将来一年中将成为他的恋人传闻这个节日之所以成为圣瓦伦丁节是为了纪念一位名叫瓦伦丁的罗马牧师国王克劳底斯二世叮嘱罗马士兵不得结婚或订婚克劳底斯认为结了婚的士兵更情愿留守家中而不是上战场当瓦伦丁违反了国王的意愿,隐私让年轻人成了婚之后,他于2月14日即牧神节的前夕被处决瓦伦丁死后,成了圣徒基督教会牧师们将这个节日从15日改为14日,即,圣瓦伦丁节现在这个节日纪念的是瓦伦丁而再不是牧神卢帕克斯圣瓦伦丁节在现代世界里已经成为爱和浪漫的一个主要象征古代的爱神丘比特和他射入爱人心中的箭或许照旧被用来表现爱上某人或谈恋爱但是我们也运用卡片和礼物,比如鲜花或珠宝来做同样的事情在圣瓦伦丁节遗忘给妻子或恋人送花有时能像遗忘生H或结婚纪念H一样糟糕
十二、冰雪路面驾车的阅历Driving throughsnowstorm onicy roadsfbr longdistances is a mostnerve-racking experience.It is a paradoxthat the snow,coming_1—gently,blowing gleefullyin ahigh wind,all thewhile_2—down atreacherous carpet,freezes thewindows,_3_the view.Themightofautomated manis_4_.Thehorses»thepowerful electricalsystems,thedeep-tread tires,allgo_5—nothing.Oneminutethe roadfeels_6—,and thenext thedriver issliding overit,light asa_7_,in apanic,wondering whatthe heavytrailer truckscomingup_8_thereararcgoingtodo.Thetrucksarclike_9_whenyouhavetopasshem,notatsixtyorseventy_10_youdowhentheroadisdry,but attwenty-five andthirty.—11—their enginessound unnaturallyloud.Snow,slush and_12—of icespray frombeneath thewheels,obscurethewindshield,andrattle_13__yourcar.Beneath thewheelsthereisplentyof_14_foryoutoslideandgelmashedtoapulp.Inch_15—inchyoumoveup,pasttherearwheels,thecenterwheels,thecab,thefrontwheels,all_16—tooslowlyby.Straightahead youcontinue,_17_to cutover sharplywould sendyou intoa slip._18_in frontofthevehicle.A last,there is_19_enough,andyou creepback over,in frontof thetrucknow,but_20_thesound ofitsengine stillthundering inyour cars.
1.[A]up[B]off[Cl down[D]on
2.[A]lies[B]lays[C]settles[D]sends
3.[A]blocks[B]strikes[C]puffs[DJcancels
4.[A]muted[B]discovered[C]doubled[D]undervalued
5.[A]for|B]with[C]into[D]from
6.[A]comfortable[B]weak[C]risky[D]firm
7.[A]loaf[B]feather[C]leaf[DJfog
8.[A]beneath[Bl from[C]under[D]beyond
9.[A]dwarfs[B]giants[C]patients[DJprincesses
10.[A]what[B]since[C]as|D1that
11.[A]So[B]But[C]Or[D]Then
12.[A]flakes[B]flocks[C]chips[D]cakes
13.[A]onto[B]against[C]off[D]along
14.IAJ snow[B]earth[C]room[D]ice
15.[A]by|B]after[Cl for[D]with
16.[A]climbing[B|crawling[C]winding[D]sliding
17.[A]meanwhile[B]unless[C]whereas[D]for
18.[A]sheer[B]mostly[C]rarely[D]right
19.[A]might[B]distance[C]air[D]power
20.[A]with fB]like[C]inside[D]upon答案I.C
2.B
3.A
4.A
5.A
6.D
7.B
8.C
9.B
10.CII.D
12.C
13.C
14.C
15.A
16.D
17.D
18.D
19.B
20.A总体分析本文描述了在冰雪覆盖的路面上开车的阅历文章首句为主题句,概括了这种阅历的特点是“令人特殊惊惶”其次至四句分别介绍了下雪带来的隐患和机器变得没有多大用处从第五句到文章最终则描述了在这种不利条件下和大卡车一同行驶的惊惶阅历全文翻译在暴风雪中驱车长距离地行驶于冰雪覆盖的路面上是一种令人特殊惊惶的阅历冲突的是雪一面轻轻地飘落,在强风中快乐地吹着,一面又不断地吹落可能带来紧急的毯子,封冻窗户,挡住视线机器的力气被减弱了马、强有力的电子系统、深胎面的轮胎都亳无用处一分钟前路面还很坚固,下一分钟司机就在上面打滑,轻飘飘地,处于恐慌之中,想着从后面突然出现的笨重的挂了拖车的卡车会干出什么事情来当你不得不开车经过这些卡车时,它们就像巨人一般这时你行驶的速度不是当路面干燥时的60或70,而是25和
30.并且它们的引擎听起来极其刺耳雪、泥和冰渣滓从轮子下喷洒出来,使挡风玻璃变得模糊不清,然后格格作响地从车上掉下卡车轮子下的空间很大,足以让你滑进去并被碾成肉酱你一点点的往前挪动,经过卡车的后轮,中间的轮子,驾驶室,前轮,全部这一切都是极其缓慢地滑过去的你接着笔直地往前开,因为突然超车抢道到卡车前面会使你的车滑倒,正好倒在大卡车的前面最终最终和卡车有了一段距离了,你才慢慢地往后挪,挪到另外一车道上,现在你行使在卡车的前面了,但是引擎的声音照旧响彻云霄2023考研英语模拟题⑴Section IUseofEnglishDirections Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsfromeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsAs formercolonists ofGreatBritain,theFounding FathersoftheUnited Statesadopted muchofthe legalsystem ofGreatBritain.Wehave a/zcommon law”,orlawmade bycourts_1_a monarchorothercentral governmental_2_likea legislature.Thejury,a_3_ofordinary citizenschosen todecideacase,is an_4_part ofourcommon-law system.Useof juriesto decidecasesisa_5_feature oftheAmericanlegalsystem.Few othercountriesin theworldusejuries aswe dointheUnited States._6_thecenturies,many peoplehavebelievedthatjuriesinmostcases reachafairerandmorejustresult_7_wouldbeobtainedusingajudge_8_,asmany countriesdo._9_ajurydecidescasesafter_10_,ordiscussionsamongagroupofpeople,thejurys decisionislikelytohavethe_11_frommanydifferentpeople fromdifferent backgrounds,who mustasagroupdecide whatisright.Juries areused inboth civilcases,which decide_12_among_13_citizens,and criminalcases,which decidecases broughtbythegovernment_14_thatindividualshavecommittedcrimes.JuriesareselectedfromtheU.S.citizensand_15_.Jurors,consistingof_16_numbers,are calledfor eachcase requiringajury.Thejudge_17_tothecase_18_theselectionofjurorstoserveasthejuryforthatcase.In somestates,_19__jurorsarequestionedbythejudge;in others»they arequestioned bythelawyersrepresenting the_20_underrules dictatedbystatelaw.
1.[A]other than[B]rather than[C]morethan[D]or rather
2.[A]agency[B]organization[C]institution[D]authority
3.[A]panel[B]crew[C]band[D]flock
4.[A]innate[B]intact[C]integral[D]integrated
5.[A]discriminating[B]distinguishing[C]determining[D]diminishing
6.[A]in[B]by[C]after[D]over
7.[A]that[B]which[C]than[D]as
8.[A]alike[B]alone[C]altogether[D]apart
9.[A]Although[B]Because[C]If[D]While
10.[A]deliberations[B]meditations[C]reflections[D]speculations
11.[A]outline[B]outcome[C]input[D]intake
12.[A]arguments B]controversies[C]disputes[D]hostilities
13.[A]fellow[B]individual[C]personal[D]private
14.[A]asserting[B]alleging[C]maintaining[D]testifying
15.[A]assembled[B]evoked[C]rallied[D]summoned
16.[A]set[B]exact[C]given[D]placed
17.[A]allocated[B]allotted[C]appointed[D]assigned
18.[A]administers[B]manages[C]oversees[D]presides
19.[A]inspective[B]irrespective[C]perspective[D]prospective
20.[A]bodies[B]parties[C]sides[D]unitsThe Treasurycouldpocket20million ayearinextrafines oncethecountrys speedcamera networkisexpanded.Motoringorganizationswarnedthatthe_1_could becomeapolltaxonwheels,_2_hugenumberofdrivers.Therecouldbemanymoreincidentsofvandalism_3_cameras.The warningscame_4_a DailyMailsurvey foundalmostall the23policeforces inEnglandandWales wereeither_5_to expansionplans orconsidering_6_.Nationwide,thenumber ofspeedingtickets isexpected totreble,_7_90milliona year._8_thescheme,policekeep someofthecashfromfinesto_9_thecostsoffittingandmaintainingextracamerasand_10_thatexistingonesalwayshavefilminthem.TherestwillgototheTreasury.BothMinistersandpoliceinsisttheschemeisaimed_11_atmakingroadssafer.Theypointtotrialsineightareaswhichcut collisionsbyaquarter anddeaths andserious injuriesby_12_ahalf.But motoringorganizationsfearcameras willbesited onrelativelysafe_13_fast stretchestocatch asmany driversas possible.Someforcesarealsoexpectedto_14_the^threshold^speedsatwhichcamerasare_15_totheabsolutelegalminimum-15mphina10mphlimit,and26mphin a20mphzone.This couldencourage driverstostare attheir speedometersinstead ofconcentratingontheroad,and_16_tomoreaccidents.SueNicholson,head ofcampaigns attheRAC»said,“Wedont havea problemwithspeed cameras_17_.Butwe dohaveconcernsabout_18_they aresited.Policerisk losingcredibility_19_motoristsifcameras areseen asrevenue-raising_20_safety devices.”
1.[A]promotions[B]punishments[C]penalties[D]payments
2.[A]isolating[B]separating[C]alienating[D]detaching
3.[A]towards[B]against[C]before[D]over
4.[A]so[B]once[C]as[D]where
5.[A]subjected[B]engaged[C]intended[D]committed
6.[A]taking part[B]keeping silence[C]making exception[D]paying respect
7.[A]financing[B]profiting[C]funding[D]netting
8.[A]From[B]Under[C]On[D]With
9.[A]hide[B]cover[C]conceal[D]veil
10.[A]pledging[B]assuring[C]confirming[D]ensuring
11.[A]essentially[B]strongly[C]wholeheartedly[D]purely
12.[A]in all[B]fewer than[C]at most[D]upto
13.[A]but[B]whereas[C]though[D]while
14.[A]fit[B]put[C]set[D]fix
15.[A]levered[B]geared[C]handled[D]triggered
16.[A]lead[B]add[C]contribute[D]resort
17.[A]any less[B]byitself[C]after all[D]as such
18.[A]who[B]when[C]where[D]which
19.[A]in[B]with[C]against[D]for
20.[A]inspiteof[B]far from[C]rather than[D]bymeans ofThe mass mediaisabig partofour culture,yet itcan also bea helper,adviser andteachertoouryoung generation.Themass mediaaffects thelivesof ouryoungbyacting asaan_1_for anumberofinstitutions andsocial contacts.In thisway,it_2_avariety offunctionsin humanlife.Thetimespentinfrontofthetelevisionscreenisusuallyatthe_3_ofleisure thereislesstimeforgames,amusementandrest._4_bywhatishappeningonthescreen,childrennotonlyimitatewhattheyseebutdirectly_5_themselveswithdifferentcharacters.Americanshave been concerned about the_6_ofviolence inthemediaandits_7_harm tochildren andadolescents for at leastforty years.Duringthis period,new media_8_,such asvideogames,cable television,musicvideos,and theInternet.As theycontinuetogain popularity,these media,_9_television,_10_publicconcern andresearch attention.Another largesocietal concernonouryoung generation_11_by themedia,is bodyimage._12_forces caninfluence bodyimagepositivelyornegatively._13_one,societalandculturalnormsandmassmediamarketing_14_ourconceptsofbeauty.Inthemassmedia,theimagesof_15_beautyfillmagazinesandnewspapers._16_fromourtelevisionsandentertainus_17_themovies.Eveninadvertising,themass media_18_on acceptedcultural valuesofthinness and fitness forcommercialgain.Young adultsare presentedwitha_19_defined standardof attractiveness,an_20_that carriesunrealistic physicalexpectations.
1.[A]alternative[B]preference[C]substitute[D]representative
2.[A]accomplishes[B]fulfills[C]provides[D]suffices
3.[A]risk[B]mercy[C]height[D]expense
4.[A]Absorbed[B]Attracted[C]Aroused[D]Addicted
5.[A]identify[B]recognize[C]unify[D]equate
6.[A]abundance[B]incidence[C]prevalence[D]reccurrence
7.[A]disposed[B]hidden[C]implicit[D]potential
8.[A]merged[B]emerged[C]immerged[D]submerged
9.[A]apart from[B]much as[C]but for[D]along with
10.[A]promote[B]propel[C]prompt[D]prosper
11.[A]inspired[B]imposed[C]delivered[D]contributed
12.[A]External[B]Exterior CExplicit[D]Exposed
13.[A]As[B]At[C]For[D]In
14.[A]mark[B]effect[C]impact[D]shock
15.[A]generalized[B]regularized[C]standardized[D]categorized
16.[A]boom[B]bottom[C]brim[D]beam
17.[A]over[B]with[C]on[D]at
18.[A]play[B]take[C]profit[D]resort
19.[A]barely[B]carefully[C]narrowly[D]subjectively
20.[A]ideal[B]image[C]stereotype[D]criterionArecent parliamentaryreport blamesthegovernment andthefood industryfor thegrowthin obesity.TheDepartment ofTransport isblamedfornotdoingenoughto_1_facilitiesforpedestriansandcyclistswhile_2_topressurefrommotoringorganizationsrepresentingcarusers.TheMinistryofEducationis_3_ofsellingoffschoolplayingfieldsandnotdoingenoughto_4_adequatefacilitiesforphysicaleducation andgames.Young peoplein Britain havebecome crazyabout footballsoccer andrugby,but toooftenas_5_couchpotatoes”The foodindustry isblamedfor promotingjunkfood toschool childrenandnot doingenoughto_6_down onsugar,fats andsalt inprepared foods.Theindustry,_7_bythecurrent popularityoftheAtkins low-carbohydratediet,has begunto_8_,butit istrying toprotectahugemarketandwillneedtodo_9_moreifitisto_10_offincreased regulation.Japanseemsless_11_sofarbytheproblemofobesity,_12_as theJapanese diet becomes increasingly_13_burgersanddoughnutstheproblemwillgrow._14_,JapanesecuisinehasbecomehighlypopularinBritain.Itisseenashealthyinadifferent wayfrom theMediterraneandiet_15_its emphasisontomatoes andoliveoil combinedwith redwine.Afairlysmallamountofredwineisnow_16_asbeneficialtotheheart,_17_itsotherencouragingproperties.ButBritainhastodomoreto_18_theproblems ofalcoholism_19_withthe binge-drinking culture-including violenceand vandalism.Limited consumptionofalcohol,as longas itisnot_20_with driving,isharmless and possiblybeneficial.
1.[A]stimulate[B]commend[C]promote[D]elevate
2.[A]submitting[B]subjecting[C]subordinating[D]surrendering
3.[A]charged[B]denounced[C]scolded[D]accused
4.[A]assure[B]ensure[C]secure[D]guard
5.[A]speculating[B]spectating C]specializing[D]sightseeing
6.[A]fall[B]get[C]cut[D]bring
7.[A]stung[B]bitten[C]chewed[D]licked
8.[A]retort[B]refute[C]respond[D]resolve
9.[A]abundantly[B]considerably[C]extensively[D]principally
10.[A]defend[B]beat[C]hold D]ward
11.[A]upset[B]affected[C]effected[D]impressed
12.[A]or[B]for[C]but[D]if
13.[A]popularized[B]globalized[C]westernized[D]localized
14.[A]Accordingly[B Interestingly[C]Surprisingly[D]Strikingly
15.[A]as[B]on[C]but[D]with
16.[A]accepted[B]approved[C]assumed[D]acknowledged
17.[A]but for[B]let alone[C]regardless of[D]muchless
18.[A]cope[B]challenge[C]tackle[D]undertake
19.[A]matched[B]related[C]united[D]associated
20.[A]bonded[B]combined[C]merged[D]incorporatedChronicinsomniaisamajorpublichealthproblem.Andtoomanypeopleareusing_1_therapies,evenwhilehereareafewtreatmentsthat dowork.Millions ofAmericans_2—awake atnight countingsheep orhaveastiff drinkor_3—anpill,hopingit willmakethemsleepy._4_experts agreeall that self-medicating isabadidea,and thecausesof chronicinsomniaremain_5—.Almost athirdofadults havetroublesleeping,and about10percent have_6_ofdaytimeimpairment thatsignal trueinsomnia.But_7_thecomplaints,scientistsknowsurprisinglylittleaboutwhatcauseschronicinsomnia,itshealthconsequencesandhowbesttotreatit,apanel ofspecialists_8—together bytheNationalInstitutes ofHealthconcluded Wednesday.The panelcalled_9_a broadrange ofresearchinto insomnia,_10_that ifscientistsunderstood its11-causes,they coulddevelop bettertreatments.Most,but notalbinsomniais thoughtto_12_other healthproblems,from arthritisand depression tocardiovasculardisease.Thequestionofteniswhethertheinsomniacamefirstorwasaresultoftheotherdiseasesandhowtroublesleepingin_13_complicatesthoseother problems.Otherdiseases_14_,therisk of insomniaseems toincrease with age andto bemore_15_among women,especiallyafter their50s.Smoking,caffeine andnumerous_16_drugs alsoaffect sleep.TheNIH is spending about$200million thisyearonslccp-rclatcd research,some_17_to specificdisorders andothers_18_theunderlying scientificlaws that controlthenervous systemofsleep.Theagency was_19_the panel4s review before deciding what additional work shouldbe_20_at insomnia.
1.[A]unproven[B|unknown[C]improper[D|imperative
2.[A]fall[B]lie[C]seem[D]become
3.[A]prescribe[B]pop[C]abuse[D]experiment
4.[A]And[B]Though[C]Thus[D]But
5.[A]peculiar[B]anonymous[CJ mysterious[D]unexpected
6.[A|signals[B|symptoms[C]signs[D]symbols
7.[A]inaddition to[B]except for[C]owing to[D]for all
8.[A]pulled[B]collected[C]brought[D]drawn
9.[A]on[B]for[C]up[D]in
10.[A]noting[B]notifying[C]nosing[D]nominating
11.[A]undertaking!Bl underlining[C]underlying[D]undermining
12.[A]cause[BJ accompany[C]follow[D]attend
13.[A]short[B]case[C]essence[DIturn
14.[A]inside[BJ outside[C]aside|Dj besides
15.[A]common[B]popular Clfrequent[D]regular
16.[A]conscription[B]description[C]subscription[D]prescription
17.[A]aimed[Bl targeted[C]designated[D]designed
18.[A]examining[B]inspecting[C]verifying[D]assessing
19.[AJconducting[B]awaiting ICJreceiving[D]considering总体分析本文介绍了美国的陪审团制度第一段指出,陪审团是美国共同法系统的基本组成部分其次段分析了运用陪审团的缘由第三和四段分别介绍了陪审团的类型和选举程序全文翻译美国的建国之父们作为大英帝国的前殖民者沿袭了其法律系统我们有共同法〃,即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法机关这样的中心政府权利机关制定的法律陪审团由一群选来裁决案件的一般公民组成,是我们共同法系统基本的组成部分运用陪审团裁决案件是美国法律系统的一个显著特征在世界上很少有其他国家和美国一样运用陪审团几个世纪以来,许多人已经信任在大多数状况下陪审团比许多国家那样单独运用一位法官达成的结果更公允、公正因为陪审团裁决案件是在一群人“审议”或探讨后,因此他们的确定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影响,这些人必需作为一个团体来确定什么是正确的陪审团既被用在裁决一般公民之间纠纷的民事案件中,也用在裁决政府提出讼诉声称个人犯罪的刑事案件中陪审团成员从美国公民中选出并被传唤由固定人数组成的陪审团在每一个须要陪审团的案件中都会被呼喊被指派负责案件的法官监督陪审团成员的选举在•些州,将来的陪审团成员由法官询问,而在另•些州,他们遵照州法律规定的法规接受代表各方当事人的律师的询问
二、英国车速监控系统The Treasurycouldpocket20million ayearinextrafines oncethecountrys speedcamera networkisexpanded.Motoringorganizations warnedthatthe_l_coukl becomeapolltax onwheels,_2_huge numberofdrivers.There couldbemany moreincidentsofvandalism_3_cameras.The warningscame_4_a DailyMailsurvey foundalmostall the23policeforces inEnglandandWales wereeither_5_to expansionplansorconsidering_6_.Nationwide,thenumber ofspeedingtickets isexpected totreble,_7_90milliona year._8_thescheme,policekeep someofthecashfromfinesto_9_thecostsoffittingandmaintainingextracamerasand_10_thatexistingonesalwayshavefilminthem.TherestwillgototheTreasury.BothMinistersandpoliceinsisttheschemeisaimed_ll_atmakingroadssafer.Theypointtotrialsineightareaswhichcut collisionsbyaquarter anddeaths andserious injuriesby_12_ahalf.But motoringorganizationsfearcameras willbesited onrelativelysafe_13_fast stretchestocatch asmany driversas possible.Someforcesarealsoexpectedto_14_the,,threshoki,,speedsatwhichcamerasare_15_totheabsolutelegalminimum-15mphina10mphlimit,and26mphin a20mphzone.This couldencourage driverstostare attheir speedometersinstead ofconcentratingontheroad,and_16_tomoreaccidents.SueNicholson,headofcampaignsattheRAC,said,Wedonthaveaproblemwithspeedcameras_17_.Butwedohaveconcernsabout_18_theyaresited.Policerisklosingcredibility_19_motoristsifcamerasareseenasrevenue-raising_20_safetydevices/*
1.[A]promotions[B]punishments[C]penalties[D]payments
2.[A]isolating[B]separating[C]alienating[D]detaching
3.[A]towards[B]against[C]before[D]over
4.[A]so[B]once[C]as[D]where
5.[A]subjected[B]engaged[C]intended[D]committed
6.[A]taking part[B]keeping silence[C]makingexception[D]paying respect
7.[A]financing[B]profiting[C]funding[D]netting
8.[A]From[B]Under[C]On[D]With
9.[A]hide[B]cover[C]conceal[D]veil
10.[A]pledging[B]assuring[C]confirming[D]ensuring
11.[A]essentially[B]strongly[C]wholeheartedly[D]purely
12.[A]in all[B]fewer than[C]at most[D]upto
13.[A]but[B]whereas[C]though[D]while
14.[A]fit[B]put[C]set[D]fix
29.[A]like[B]alike[C]likely[D]likewise1l.[A]nominated[B]selected[CJappointed[DJsupported
12.[A]connection[B]reach[C]association[DItouch13JA]leading[B]representing©delegating[D]supporting
14.[A]legislative[B]legilimate[C]legalized[D]liberal
15.[A]distributed[B]awarded[C]handed[D]submitted
16.A]present[B]publish[C]deliver[D]pursue
17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on
18.[A]joy[B]enjoyment[C]amusement[D]delight
19.[A]conclude[B]to conclude[C]concluding[D]concluded
20.[A]disrupted[B]interfered[C]interrupted[D]stoppedThere isgrowing interestin EastJapan RailwayCo.hd,one ofhe sixcompanies,created outof iheprivatized nationa_1_railwaysystem.In anindustrylacking excitinggrowth1,itsplan tousereal-estate assetsinand aroundtrain stations_2—isdrawing interest.In aplan called^Station Renaissance^that it3inNovember,JR Eastsaid that itwould_4—using itscommercialspaces forshops andrestaurants,extendingthem to_5_more suitablefortheinformation age.It wantstrain stationsas pick-up_6_for suchgoodsas books,flowers andgroceries_7_overtheInternet.In acountrywhere city_8_depend heavilyontrains_9_commuting,about16million peopleaday go to itstrain stationsanyway,thecompany_10_.So,picking upcommoditiesat trainstations_11_consumers extratravelandmissedhomedeliveries.JREastalreadyhasbeenusingitsstation_12—storesforthispurpose,butitplanstocreate_13—spacesforthedelivery ofInternet goods.The companyalso plansointroduce_14_cards—knownin Japanas ICcards becausethey useintegrated circuitfor—15—information_16—trainticketsandcommuterpasses_17—themagneticonesusedtoday,integratingthemintoa/an_18_pass.Thiswillsavehecompanymoney,because_19_forICcardsaremuchlessexpensivethanmagneticsystems.IncreaseduseofICcardsshould also_20_thespace neededfor ticketvending.
1.[A]perspectives[B]outlooks[C]prospects[D]spectacles
2.[A]creatively[B]originally[C]authentically|D]initially
3.[A]displayed[B]demonstrated[C]embarked|D|unveiled
4.[A]go beyond[B]set out[C]come around[Dj spread over
5.[A]applications[Bl enterprises[C]functions[D]performances
6.[A]districts[B]vicinities[CJ resorts[D]locations
7.[A|acquired IB]purchased[C]presided D]attained
8.[A]lodgers[B]tenants[C]dwellers[D]boarders
9.[A]for[B]in[C]of|D]as
10.[A]figures[B]exhibits[C]convinces[D]speculates1l.[A]deprives|B]retrieves|C]spares[D]exempts
12.[A]conjunction[B]convenience[C]department D]ornament
13.[A]delegated[B]designated[C]devoted[D]dedicated
14.[A]clever[B]smart[Cl ingenious[D]intelligent
15.[A]checking[B]gathering[C]holding[D]accommodating
16.[A]as[B]for[C]with[D]of
17.[A]but for[B]as wellas[C]instead of[D]morethan I8JA]unique[B]single[CJ unitary[D]only
19.[A]devices[B]instruments[C]readers[D]examiners
20.[A]reduce[B]narrow[C]dwarf[D]shrinkAging posesa seriouschallenge toOECDOrganizationof EconomicCo-operation andDevelopment countries,in particular,howtopay fbrfuturepublicpension liabilities.And earlyretirement placesan_1—burden onpensionfinancing.There isnoeasy solution,but_2_retirement couldhelp.Early retirementmay seemlikea worthyindividualgoal,but itis asocially_3—one.and makesthepresent publicpensionsystemdifficult tosustain fbrlong.The_4_reason isthatmore peopleareretiring earlyand livinglonger.That meansmore retireesdependingonthe_5_ofthoseinworkfortheirincome.The_6_isworrying.Inthenext50years,lowfertilityratesand_7_lifeexpectancyinOECDcountries willcausethisold-age dependencyrate toroughlydouble_8_size.Publicpension payments,which afford30-80%oftotalretirement incomesin OECDcountries,arc_9_to rise,onaverage,byover threepercentagepointsin GDPandbyas much as eightpercentagepointsinsomecountries._10_is thepressureonpension fundsthat there isadangerof todaysworkersnotgetting thepensionsthey expectedor feltthey_11—for.Action isneeded,_12_simply aimingtoreduce the_13_and costofpublicpensions,ortrying to_14_therole ofprivatelyfundedpensions withinthesystem,thoughnecessaiy steps»may be_15—to dealwith thedependencychallenge.After yearsof_16_earlyretirementschemestoavoid_17_andhigherunemployment,manygovernmentsarcnowlooking_18_persuadingpeopletostayinworkuntiltheyareolder.Surely,thethinkinggoes,ifwearehealthiernowandjobsarcphysicallyless_19_andunemploymentisdown,thenperhaps the_20_rate shouldriseanew.
1.[Alunsolvable[B]additional[C|unsustainable[D]undue
2.[A]delaying[B]retaining[C]detaining[D]hindering
3.[A]ultimate[B]unattainable[C]specific[D]expensive
4.[A]substantial[B]essential[C]potential[D]controversial
5.[A]donating|B|sponsoring[C|subsidizing[D]funding
6.[A]outlook[B]outcome[C]outbreak D]outset
7.[A]prolonging[B]expanding[C|soaring DJrising
8.[A1in[B]on[C]byD]for
9.[A]conceived[B]reckoned[C]expected[D]meant10JA]As[Bl Such[C]So[DIII1l.[A]shouldpay[B]paying[C]bepaid[D]would pay
12.[A]but[BJ for[CJ and[DJthus
13.[A]multitude[B]impleinentation|C]application[D]generosity
14.[A]exaggerate[B]augment[C]magnify[D]multiply
15.|A]insufficient|B|influential[C]inefficient[D]intrinsic
16.fA]advancing|B]previous[C]ahead[D]preceding
17.[A]suspensions[B]abundances[CJredundancies[D]discrepancies
18.[A]for[Blto[C]about[D]at
19.[A]turbulent IB]strenuous[CJcompact ID]intricate
20.[A]dependency|B]fertility[C]present[D]mortality答案The successof Augustusowedmuch tohecharacterofRomantheorizingabout thestale.The Romansdidnotproduceambitiousblueprints1theconstruction ofidea_1—states,such as_2—totheGreeks.With veryfew exceptions,Romantheorists ignored,orrejected_3_valueless intellectualexercises likePlatosRepublic,in_4_therelationship oftheindividualto thestatewas_5—outpainstakingly withoutreferenceto_6—states orindividuals.The closesttheRoman cameto theGreekmodel wasCiceros DeRcPublica,and evenhereCicero hadRomeclearly in_7_.Roman thoughtabout hestatewasconcrete,even whenit_8_religious andmoralconcepts.The firstruler ofRome,Romulus,was_9_to havereceived authorityfrom thegods,specifically fromJupiter,thc^guarantofofRome.Allconstitutional_10_wasamethodofconferringandadministeringthe_11_.Veryclearlyitwasbelievedhatonlytheassembly ofthe_12_,thefamily headswho formedtheoriginal senate,—13—thereligious characternecessarytoexerciseauthority,becauseits originalfunction wasto_14_thegods.Being practicalas wellasexclusive,thesenators moved_15_o dividetheauthority,holding thattheirconsuls,orchief officials,would possessiton_16—months,and laterextendingits possessiontolowerofficials._17_the importantachievement wastocreate theideaofcontinuing_18_authority embodiedonly temporarilyincertainupper-class individualsand conferredonly_19_hemassofthepeople concurred.Thesystem grewwithenormous_20—,as newofficesand assemblieswere createdand almostnonediscarded.L[A]with[B]for[C]in[D]to
21.[A]tempted[B]attracted[C]appealed[D]transferred
22.[A]on[B]for[C]as[D]about
23.[A]which[B]that[C]what[DI it
24.[A]turned[B]worked[CJ broughtID]made
25.[A]special[B]specific[C]peculiar[D]particular
26.[A]existence[B]store[CJ reality[D]mind
27.[A]abandoned[B]caught[C]separated[D]involved
28.[A]told[B]held[C]suggested[D]advised
29.[A]tendency[B]procedure[C]development[D]relation
30.[A]authority[B]power[Cl control[D|ruling
31.IAJ officers[B]men[C]administrators[D]fathers
32.[A]possessed[B]claimed[C]assured[D]enforced
33.[A]confirm[B]confer[C]consult|D]consider
34.[A]over[B]along[C]on|D]about
35.[A]alternate[B]different[C]varied[D]several
36.[A]And[B]So[C]Or[D]But
37.[A]state[B]country[C]people[D|national
38.[A]as[B]when[C]if[D]so
39.[A]dimension[B]complexity[C]exercise[D]function答案All Sumeriancities recognizedanumber ofgodsin common,includingthesky god»thelord ofstorms,and themorningandeveningstar._1_the Sumerianworshipped thegoddessoffertility,love,and war,shewas evidentlylower_2_status thanthemale gods,indicatingthatinamoreurbanizedsocietythe_3—thatthepeoplesofprevioustimeshadpaidtotheearthmothergoddesshad_4_.Thegods seemedhopelessly violentand_5_,and oneslifea periodofslavery attheir easywill.Theepic poemTheCreation emphasizesthat_6—werecreatedtoenablethegodsto_7_upworking.Eachcitymoreoverhaditsowngod,whowasconsideredto_8—thetempleliterallyandwhowasintheorytheownerofallproperlywithinhecity._9_thepriestswhointerpretedthewillofthegodandcontrolledthe_10_oftheeconomicproduceofthecitywerefavored_11—theirsupernatural andmaterialfunctions_12—.When,after3,000B.C.»growing warfareamong thecities mademilitaryleadership_13_,thehead ofthearmywho becamekingassumed an_14_positionbetween thegod,whoseagent hewas,and thepriestlyclass,whomhehad bothtouseandto_15_.Thusking andpriestsrepresentedtheupper classinahierarchical society._16_them werethescribes,thesecular attendantsof theemple,who_17_everyaspect ofthecityseconomiclifeandwhodeveloped aroughjudicial system._18_the templeofficials,society wasdividedamonganeliteor_19_group oflargelandownersandmilitaryleaders;a mixedgroup ofmerchantsarlisansand craftsmen,free peasantswho_20_the majorityofthepopulation;and slaves.
1.[A]Unless[B]As[C]Lest[D]Although
2.[A]on[B|in[C]with[D]about
3.[A]worship B]reverence[C]admiration[DIgratitude
4.[A]vanished[B]recovered[C]declined[D]attained
5.[A]unpredictable[B]unforgivablefC]unlimited[D]unlikely
6.[A]creatures[B]animals[C]men[D]mortals
7.[A]use[B]turn[C]give[D]back
8.[A]inhabit[B]live[C]reside[D]lodge
9.[A]Hence[B]Thereafter[C]Somehow[D]Incidentally
10.[AlintroductionfBl transaction[Cl distributionfD]provision
11.[A]as IB]for[C]under[D|of
12.[A]along[B]anyway[Cl afterwards[D]alike
13.[A]additional B]vital[C]singular[D]exceptional
14.[A]alternative[B]secondary[C]intennediate[D]fundamental
15.[A]pacify[B]tempt[C]suppress[D]manipulate
16.[A]Beside[B]Beyond[C]Below[D]Before
17.[Alsupen ised[B]held[C]managed[D]presided
18.[A]Around[B]Under[CJ Above[DJOutside
19.[Alleading[B]noble[C]conlrolling[D]principal
20.[AJconsist[B]compose[C]compile[DJ consumeValentinesDay maycomefrom theancient RomanfeastofLupercalia._1_thefierce wolvesroamed nearby,theold Romanscalled_2—thegodLupcrcustohelpthem.Afestivalinhis_3—washeldonFebruary15th.Ontheeveofthefestivalthe_4_ofthegirlswerewritten on_5_of paperandplaced injars.Each youngman_6_a slip.Thegirl whosenamewas_7_was tobehissweetheart fortheyear.Legend_8_it thattheholidaybecame ValentinesDay_9_a Romanpriestnamed Valentine.Emperor ClaudiusII_10_theRomansoldiers NOTto marryor becomeengaged.Claudiusfelt marriedsoldiers would_11_stayhome thanfight.When Valentine_12_theEmperor andsecretly marriedtheyoung couples,hewas putto deathonFebruary14th,the_13_ofLupercalia.After hisdeath,Valentine becamea_14_.Christianpriests movedheholiday fromthe15thtothe14th—ValentinesDay.Now theholidayhonorsValentine_15_ofLupcrcus.Valentine^Dayhasbecomeamajor_16_oflove andromance inthemodern world.Theancient godCupid andhis17_intoa loversheartmaystillbe usedto_18_falling inloveorbeingin love.But wealso usecards andgifts,such asflowers orjewelry,todothis._19_togiveflowertoawifeorsweetheartonValentinesDaycansometimesbeas_20_asforgettingabirthdayora weddinganniversary.L[AJ While[BJ When[C]Though[DJ Unless
2.[A]upon[B]back[C]off[D]away
3.[A]honor|B]belief[C]hand|D]way
4.[A]problems[B]secrets[Cl names[D]intentions
5.[A]rolls[B]piles[C]works[D]slips
6.[A]cast[B]caught[Cj drew[D]found
7.[A]given B]chosen[C]elected[D]delivered
8.[A]tells[B]means[C]makes[D]has
9.[A]after[B]since[C]as[D]from
10.fA]ordered[B|pleaded[C]envisioned[D]believed
11.[A]other[B]simply[C]rather ID]all12,[A]disliked[B]defied[C]defeated[D]dishonored
13.[A]celebration[BJ arrangement[CJ feast[D]cvc
14.[A]goat|B]saint[C]model|D]weapon
15.[A]because[B]made[C]instead[D]learnt
16.|A]part|B|representalive[C]judgement[DJ symbol
17.[A]stoiy[B]wander[C]arrow[D]play
18.|A]portray[B]require[C]demand[D]alert
19.[A]Keeping[Bl Disapproving[Cl Supporting[D]Forgetting20JA]constructive[BJ damaging[C]reinforcing[D]retortingDriving throughsnowstorm onicy roadsfor longdistances isa mostnerve-racking experience.1isaparadox hatthesnow,coining_1—gently,blowing gleefullyin ahigh wind,all thewhile_2—down atreacherous carpet,freezes thewindows,_3_he view.Themightofautomatedmanis_4_.Thehorsesthepowerfulelectricalsystemsthedeep-treadtires,allgo_5—nothing.Oneminutethe roadfeels_6—,andthenext thedriver issliding overit,light asa_7_,inapanic,wondering whatthe heavytrailer truckscomingup_8_thereararegoingtodo.Thetrucksarelike_9_whenyouhavetopassthem,notatsixtyorseventy_10_youdowhentheroadisdry,butattwenty-fiveandthirty._11_theirenginessoundunnaturallyloud.Snow,slushand_12_oficcsprayfrombeneaththewheels,obscure thewindshield,and rattle_13__yourcar.Beneath thewheelsthereisplenty of_14_for youto slideandget mashedto apulp.Inch_15—inch youmoveup,past therearwheels,thecenter wheels,the cab,thefront wheels,all_16—too slowlyby.Straight aheadyoucontinue,_17_to cutover sharplywould sendyou intoa slip,_18_in frontofthevehicle.A last,thereis_19—enough,and youcreepback over,in frontof thetrucknow,but_20—thesound ofitsengine stillthundering inyourears.
1.[A]up[B]off[Cl down[D]on
2.[A]lies[BJ lays[CJ settles[D]sends
3.[A]blocks[B]strikes[C]puffs[DIcancels
4.[A]muted IB]discovered[CJ doubled[D]undervalued
5.[A]for|B]with[C]into[D]from
6.[A]comfortableB]weak[C]risky[D]firm
7.[A]loaf[B]feather[C]leaf[D]fog
8.[A]beneath[B]from[C]under[D]beyond
9.[A]dwarfs[B]giants[C]patients[DJprincesses
10.[A]what[B]since[C]as[D]that
11.[A]So[B]But[C]OrID]Then
12.[A]flakes[B]flocks[C]chips[D]cakes
13.[A]onto[B]against[C]off[D]along
14.[A]snow[B]earth[C]room[D]ice
15.[A]by|B|after[C]for[D]with
16.[A]climbing[B]crawling[C]winding[D]sliding
17.fA]meanwhile[B]unless[C]whereas[D]for
18.[A]sheer|B]mostly[C]rarely[D]right
19.[A]might[Bl distance[C]air[DIpower
20.[A]with[B]like[C]inside[D]upo过去的你接着笔直地往前开,因为突然超车抢道到卡车前面会使你的车滑倒,正好倒在大卡车的前面最终最终和卡车有了一段距离了,你才慢慢地往后挪,挪到另外一车道上,现在你行使在卡车的前面了,但是引擎的声音照旧响彻云霄Text20What isyour earliestchildhood memoryCan youremember learningto walkOr talkThe firsttime youheard thunderorwatchedatelevisionprogram Adultsseldom1eventsmuch earlierthantheyearorsobeforeentering school,2children youngerthanthreeorfour3retain anyspecific,personal experiences.A varietyof explanationshave been4by psychologistsfor thischildhood amnesia(JL童失忆症).One arguesthat thehippocampus,theregionofthebrainwhichis5forformingmemories,doesnotmatureuntilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheory6that,sinceadultsdontthinklikechildren,theycannot7childhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwords,andtheirlifememoriesarelikestoriesor8—oneeventfollows9asinanovelorfilm.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmental10forearlychildhoodmemoriestoadd tothis verbal lifestory,they dontfind anythat fitthe
11.Its liketryingto findaChinese wordinan Englishdictionary.NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoftheNewYorkStateUniversityoffersanew12forchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimply13any earlychildhood memoriesto recall.According toDr Simms,children needto learnto usesomeone elsesspokendescriptionoftheirpersonal14inordertoturntheirownshortterm,quicklyforgotten15_ofthemintolongtermmemories.Inother16,children haveto talk about theirexperiences andhear otherstalkabout17_—Mother talkingabouttheafternoon18looking forseashellsatthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthis19reinforcement,saysDrSimms,childrencannotform20memories oftheirpersonalexperiences.
1.[A]figure[B]interpret[C]recall[D]affirm
2.[A]now that[B]even if[C]asthough[D]justas
3.[A]largely[B]rarely[C]merely[D]really
4.[A]refuted[B]defied[C]proposed[D]witnessed
5.[A]responsible[B]suitable[C]favorable[D]available
6.[A]declines[B]assesses[C]estimates[D]maintains
7.[A]reflect[B]attain[C]access[D]acquire
8.[A]narratives[B]forecasts[Cjcommunications[D]descriptions
9.[A]the rest[B]another[C]theother[D]others
10.[A]deposits[B]dreams[C]flashes[D]files
11.[A]model[B]pattern[C]frame[D]formula
12.[A]emphasis[B]assertion[C]explanation[D]assumption
13.[A]arent[B]werent[C]isnt(D]wast
14.[A]instincts[B]feelings[C]sensations[D]experiences
15.[A]impressions[B]beliefs[C]minds[D]insights
16.[A]senses[B]cases[C]words[D]aspects
17.[A]him[B]their[C]it[D]them
18.[A]taken[B]utilized[C]applied[D]spent
19.[A]habitual[B]verbal[C]unique[D]particular
20.[A]permanent[B]mental[C]spiritual[D]conscious
15.[A]levered[B]geared[C]handled[D]triggered
16.[A]lead[B]add[C]contribute[D]resort
17.[A]any less[B]byitself[C]after all[D]as such
18.[A]who[B]when[C]where[D]which
19.[A]in[B]with[C]against[D]for
20.[A]inspiteof[B]far from[C]rather than[D]bymeans of答案I.C
2.C
3.B
4.C
5.D
6.A
7.D
8.B
9.B
10.DII.D
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.B
16.A
17.D
18.C
19.B
20.C总体分析本文讲解并描述了英国车速监控摄像体系扩张支配的内容及影响,着重阐述了这一支配的支持者(警察和财政部门)和反对者(机动车管理机构)的观点全文翻译一旦扩大车速监控摄像体系,这个国家财政部每年就能从罚款中额外增加2000万收入机动车管理机构警告说这种罚款可能变成对汽车征收的人头税,从而疏远许多驾驶者也可能出现更多破坏摄像机的事务警告出现的同时,《每口邮报》的调查发觉英格兰和威尔士的23支警力几乎都有所行动,不是致力于部署监控体系的扩张支配,就是在考虑加入其中预料(在实施监控系统后)全国范围内违章超速行驶的罚单数量会增加两倍,罚金数目•年达9000万依据支配,警察保留一部分罚金用以支付安装和修理新摄像机的费用,并且保证现有的摄像机中总是装有胶卷其余的罚金将上缴财政部财政部长们和警察都坚持认为该支配的目的是提高公路的平安性他们指出八个试点地区撞车事故削减了四分之一,严峻伤亡事故削减至一半但是机动车管理机构担忧警察为了多开罚单会把摄像机装在相对平安但行车速度较快的直行道上,还会为车速监控摄像机设置最低合法车速标准,如把正常的每小时10英里限速提高到每小时15英里,每小时20英里限速提高到每小时26英里这样做会使司机盯着自己的里程计而不把精力集中到路面上,从而引发更多的交通事故英国皇家汽车俱乐部(RAC)活动负贡人休尼科尔森说,“严格上说,我们对车速监控摄像机并无看法,我们担忧的是它们被安放的地点假如把监控摄像机视为(政府)聚敛财政收入的手段而不是平安设施,那么警察就可能丢失他们在驾驶者心目中的威信〃
三、大众媒体Themass mediaisa bigpartofourculture,yet itcanalsobeahelper,adviserand teacherto ouryounggeneration.The massmediaaffectsthelivesofour youngbyacting asa(an)_l_for anumberofinstitutions andsocial contacts.In thisway,it_2_avariety offunctionsin humanlife.Thetimespentinfrontofthetelevisionscreenisusuallyatthe_3_ofleisure thereislesstimeforgames,amusementandrest._4_bywhat ishappening onthescreen,children notonlyimitatewhat theyseebut directly_5_themselves withdifferentcharacters.Americans havebeenconcernedaboutthe_6_ofviolence inthemediaandits_7_harm tochildrenandadolescentsforatleast fortyyears.Duringthisperiod,newmedia_8_,suchasvideogames,cabletelevision,musicvideos,andtheInternet.Astheycontinuetogainpopularity,thesemedia,_9_television,_10_publicconcern andresearch attention.Another largesocietal concernonour younggeneration_ll_bythemedia,isbodyimage._l2_forces caninfluence bodyimagepositivelyornegatively._13_one,societalandculturalnormsandmassmediamarketing_14_ourconceptsofbeauty.Inthemassmedia,theimages of_15__beauty fillmagazines andnewspapers,__16_from ourtelevisionsand entertainus_17_themovies.Even inadvertising,themass media_18_on acceptedcultural valuesof thinnessandfitnessfor commercialgain.Young adultsare presentedwitha_19_defined standardof attractiveness,an_20_that carriesunrealisticphysical expectations.
1.[A]alternative[B]preference[C]substitute[D]representative
2.[A]accomplishes[B]fulfills[C]provides[D]suffices
3.[A]risk[B]mercy[C]height[D]expense
4.[A]Absorbed[B]Attracted[C]Aroused[D]Addicted
5.[A]identify[B]recognize[C]unify[D]equate
6.[A]abundance[B]incidence[C]prevalence[D]reccurrence
7.[A]disposed[B]hidden[C]implicit[D]potential
8.[A]merged[B]emerged[C]immerged[D]submerged
9.[A]apart from[B]muchas[C]but for[D]along with
10.[A]promote[B]propel[C]prompt[D]prosper
11.[A]inspired[B]imposed[C]delivered[D]contributed
12.[A]External[B]Exterior[C]Explicit[D]Exposed
13.[A]As[B]At[C]For[D]In
14.[A]mark[B]effect[C]impact[D]shock
15.[A]generalized[B]regularized[C]standardized[D]categorized
16.[A]boom[B]bottom[C]brim[D]beam
17.[A]over[B]with[C]on[D]at
18.[A]play[B]take[C]profit[D]resort
19.[A]barely[B]carefully[C]narrowly[D]subjectively
20.[A]ideal[B]image[C]stereotype[D]criterion答案I.C
2.B
3.D
4.B
5.A
6.C
7.D
8.B
9.D
10.CII.B
12.A
13.C
14.C
15.C
16.A
17.D
18.A
19.C
20.A总体分析本文主要论述了大众媒介对青少年产生的影响第一段指出,大众媒介可以替代社会机构和社会交往在年轻人的生活中起着各种各样的作用其次段指出,由于青少年仿照他们在电视中看到的乃至将其与现实相混淆,人们始终担忧媒介对他们可能产生危害第三段媒介对美的狭隘界定对青少年的不良影响全文翻译大众媒体是我们文化的重要组成部分,但是它也可以成为年轻一代的助手、建议者和老师大众媒介作为许多机构和社会交往的替代品影响着年轻人的生活通过这种方式,它在人们生活中起到了各种各样的作用在电视屏幕前耗费的时间常常是以休闲为代价的,即有更少的时间用于游戏、消遣和休息由于被电视屏幕上的东西吸引,孩子们不仅仿照他们看到的,而且还干脆将自己视为电视中的各种不同的人物美国人对媒体中暴力的普及及其对孩子和青少年的潜在危害的担忧至少已经有四十年了在这段时期里,新的媒体,如电视游戏、有线电视、音乐录像带以及网络出现了由于这些媒体接着受到欢迎,它们连同电视一起引起了公众的担忧和探讨的留意媒体使年轻一代受到社会另一大关注的方面是身体形象问题外部力气能对身体形象产生正面和负面的影响举例来说,社会文化标准和大众媒介的营销冲击着我们关于美的观念在大众媒介中,标准美女的形象充斥着报刊杂志,从电视中播放出来,在电影中消遣着我们甚至大众媒介还在广告中利用公认的瘦和健康的文化价值来赢得商业利润青少年被赐予的是狭隘界定的吸引力的标准,它是一种包含着对外形的不切实际的期望的完备标准
四、英国的饮食与健康Arecent parliamentaryreport blamesthegovernment andthefoodindustryfor thegrowthinobesity.TheDepartment ofTransportisblamedfornotdoingenoughto_l_facilitiesforpedestriansandcyclistswhile_2_topressurefrommotoringorganizationsrepresentingcarusers.TheMinistryofEducationis_3_ofsellingoffschoolplayingfieldsandnotdoingenoughto_4_adequatefacilitiesforphysicaleducationand games.Young peopleinBritainhavebecome crazyabout footballsoccer andrugby,but toooftenas_5_°couchpotatoes0oThefood industryisblamed forpromotingjunkfood toschoolchildren andnotdoing enoughto_6_down onsugar,fats andsaltinpreparedfoods.Theindustry,_7_bythecurrent popularityof theAtkinslow-carb ohydratediet,has begunto_8_»but itistrying toprotectahuge marketand willneed todo_9_more ifitisto_10_off increasedregulation.Japan seemsless_ll_sofar bytheproblemofobesity,_12_as theJapanesedietbecomesincreasingly_13_burgers anddoughnuts theproblemwillgrow._14_,Japanesecuisine hasbecomehighly popularinBritain.It isseenas healthyinadifferent wayfrom theMediterraneandiet_15_its emphasisontomatoes andoliveoil combinedwith redwine.Afairlysmallamountofredwineisnow_16_asbeneficialtotheheart,_17_itsotherencouragingproperties.ButBritainhastodomoreto_18_theproblems ofalcoholism_19_with thebinge-drinking culture—including violenceand vandalism.Limited consumptionofalcohol,as longasitisnot_20_withdriving,is harmlessandpossiblybeneficial
1.[A]stimulate[B]commend[C]promote[D]elevate
2.[A]submitting[B]subjecting[C]subordinating[D]surrendering
3.[A]charged[B]denounced[C]scolded[D]accused
4.[A]assure[B]ensure[C]secure[D]guard
5.[A]speculating[B]spectating[C]specializing[D]sightseeing
6.[A]fall[B]get[C]cut[D]bring
7.[A]stung[B]bitten[C]chewed[D]licked
8.[A]retort[B]refute[C]respond[D]resolve
9.[A]abundantly[B]considerably[C]extensively[D]principally
10.[A]defend[B]beat[C]hold[D]ward
11.[A]upset[B]affected[C]effected[D]impressed
12.[A]or[B]for[C]but[D]if
13.[A]popularized[B]globalized[C]westernized[D]localized
14.[A]Accordingly[Bj Interestingly[C]Surprisingly[D]Strikingly
15.[A]as[B]on[C]but[D]with
16.[A]accepted[B]approved[C]assumed[D]acknowledged
17.[A]but for[B]let alone[C]regardless of[D]much less
18.[A]cope[B]challenge[C]tackle[D]undertake
19.[A]matched[B]related[C]united[D]associated
20.[A]bonded[B]combined[C]merged[D]incorporated答案I.C
2.A
3.D
4.B
5.B
6.C
7.A
8.C
9.B
10.DII.B
12.C
13.C
14.B
15.D
16.A
17.B
18.C
19.D
20.B总体分析本文主要介绍了英国饮食存在的问题第一至二段指出,英国政府和食品工业被指责导致肥胖患者的增多第三段指出,一方面日本饮食因日益西化,肥胖问题变得严峻;另一方面,日本饮食在英国很流行,被视为健康饮食第四段指出适度饮酒对身体有益,但英国要应付的是与过度引酒相关的问题全文翻译一份最近的议会报告指责政府和食品工业导致肥胖患者增多交通部门被指责在促进步行和骑车设施的发展方面做得不够,而且屈从于代表汽车运用者的机动车组织的压力教化部被指责出卖学校的操场,在保证供应用于体育教学和游戏的足够设施方面做得不够英国的年轻人为足球和橄榄球而疯狂,但更多的只是坐在家里看电视的“沙发土豆”食品工业被指控向学生兜售垃圾食品,在削减熟食中糖、脂肪和盐含量方面做得不够受到目前艾特金斯低碳水化合物饮食潮流的刺激,食品工业已经有所反应,但是它要努力爱惜一个浩大的市场,而且假如要避开日益增多的规定,它须要做的事情还许多迄今为止,口本看上去受肥胖问题的影响较小,但是随着口本人食谱的口益西化(夹饼和油炸圈饼),问题会变得严峻好玩的是,日式烹饪在英国很流行它被看作是有别于地中海饮食的另一种健康饮食,后者着重于西红柿和橄榄油以及与之相结合的红酒稍饮红酒现在被认为有利于心脏,更不用说红酒其它令人激扬的品性但是英国人还须要做许多事情来解决与狂饮文化有关的酗酒问题——包括暴力和破坏行为有节制的酒类消费,只要不和驾驶行为搭伴,就是无害的并可能是有益的
五、失眠Chronicinsomniaisamajorpublichealthproblem.Andtoomanypeopleareusing_1—therapies,evenwhiletherearcafewtreatmentsthat dowork.Millionsof Americans_2_awake atnight countingsheepor haveastiffdrink or_3_an pilLhopingit willmakethemsleepy.—4—experts agreeallthatself-medicating isabadidea,and thecausesofchronic insomniaremain_5_.Almosta thirdofadults havetroublesleeping,and about10percent have_6—ofdaytimeimpairment thatsignal trueinsomnia.But_7—thecomplaints,scientists knowsurprisinglylittleabout whatcauses chronicinsomnia,itshealth consequencesand howbesttotreati,apanelofspecialists_8_togetherbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthconcludedWednesday.Thepanelcalled_9—abroadrangeofresearch intoinsomnia,—10—that ifscientistsunderstood its11_causes,they coulddevelop betterreatments.Most,but notalL insomniais thoughtto_12—other healthproblems,from arthritisanddepressionto cardiovasculardisease.Thequestionofteniswhethertheinsomniacamefirstorwasaresultoftheotherdiseasesandhowtroublesleepingin_13_complicatesthoseother problems.Other diseases_14_,the riskofinsomniaseems toincreasewithageandtobemore_15_among women,especiallyafter their50s.Smoking,caffeine andnumerous_16_drugs alsoaffect sleep.The NIHisspendingabout$200million thisyear onsleep-related research,some_17_to specificdisorders andothers_18_theunderlying scientificlawsthatcontrol thenervous systemofsleep.The agencywas_19_the panelsreviewbeforedecidingwhatadditionalworkshouldbe_20_at insomnia.
1.[A]unproven[B]unknown[C]improper D]imperative
2.[A]fall|B]lie[C]seem[D]become
3.[A]prescribe[B|pop[C]abuse[D]experiment
4.[AjAnd[B]Though[C]Thus[D]But
5.[A|peculiar[B]anonymous[C]mysterious[D]unexpected
6.[A]signals[B]symptoms[CJ signs[D]symbols
7.[A]inaddition to[B]except for[C]owing tofD]forall
8.[A]pulled[B]collected[C]brought[D]drawn
9.[A]on[B]for[C]up[D]in
10.[A]noting[Bl notifying[C]nosing[D]nominating
11.|A]undcrtaking[B]underlining[C]underlying[D]undermining
12.fA]cause[B]accompany[C]follow[D]attend
13.[A]short|B]case[C]essence[D]turn
14.[A]inside[B]outside[C]aside[D]besides
15.[A]common[B]popular[C]frequent[DJregular
16.[A]conscriplionfB]description[Cl subscriptionfD]prescription
17.[A]aimed[B]targeted[C]designated[D]designed
18.[A]examining[B]inspecting[CJ verifying[D]assessing
19.[A]conducting[B]awaiting[C]receiving[D]considering
20.[A]assigned[B]charged[C]directed[D]attended答案LA
2.B
3.B
4.D
5.C
6.B
7.D
8.C
9.B10,All.C
12.B
13.D
14.C
15.A
16.D
17.B
18.A
19.B
20.C总体分析本文主要介绍了对失眠的探讨工作文章第一段指出慢性失眠是一个重要的公共健康问题,但其致病缘由仍是个迷其次段介绍了(美)全国卫生探讨所一个专家小组的结论,该小组呼吁对失眠进行广泛的探讨第三段探讨了失眠与其他因素,如疾病、年龄、药物等的关系第四段介绍了(美)全国卫生探讨所对失眠正在进行的探讨状况全文翻译慢性失眠是一个主要的公共健康问题而且,太多人正运用未阅历证的治疗方法,尽管有些方法的确是有效的上百万的美国人夜里睡不着觉,躺着数羔羊、喝杯烈酒或吞个药片,希望这会使他们产生困意然而,专家们一样认为,自作主见乱吃药并不是解决失眠的好方法,导致慢性失眠的缘由目前还是一个谜几乎有1/3的成年人存在睡眠障碍,而且大约10%的人有臼天功能减退的症状,这些症状表明他们的确患上了失眠症但是,一个由(美)全国卫生探讨所召集的专家小组在周三得出这样的结论尽管(社会上关于长期失眠的)埋怨许多,但科学家们对长期失眠的缘由,它对健康的影响以及如何有效地治疗都知之甚少该专家小组呼吁对失眠症进行广泛探讨,指出假如科学家们了解了失眠的潜在缘由,他们可能会发觉更好的治疗方法许多,但不是全部的失眠症被认为伴随着其他健康问题产生,从关节炎、抑郁到心血管疾病而问题通常是不知道是先产生失眠,还是失眠是其他疾病的结果,以及失眠如何又使其他问题变得更加困难撇开其他疾病不说,失眠的可能性随着年龄的增加而增加,而且在妇女中更加普遍,尤其是50岁以后吸烟、咖啡因及众多的处方药也影响睡眠(美)全国卫生探讨所今年要花大约2000亿美元用于睡眠的相关探讨,其中一些以特定的(睡眠)紊乱为目标,另外一些视察限制睡眠神经系统的潜在科学规律该机构正等待专家小组的评论以确定对失眠进行的卜一步探讨工作
2.[A]malignant[B]deficient[C]ineffective[D]feeble
3.[A]case[B]example[Cl lesson[D]suggestion
4.[A]audio[B]aural[C]hearing[D]listening
5.[A]believing[B]convinced[C]assured[D]doubtless
6.[A]turning[B]tuning[C]tucking D]tugging
7.[A]rising[B]arising[C]raising[D]arousing
8.[A]exchange[B]interchange[C]encounter[DIinteract
9.[AJ relates[B]refers[C]responds[D]resorts
10.[A]like[B]alike[C]likely[D]likewise1l.[A]nominated[B]selected[C]appointed[D]supported
12.[A]connection[B]reach[C]association[D]touch
13.[A]leading|B representing[C]delegating[D]supporting
14.|A]legislative[B|legitimate[C]legalized[D]liberal
15.[A]distributed[B]awarded[C]handed[D]submitted
16.[A]present|B]publish[CJ deliver[DJ pursue
17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on
18.[A]joy[B]enjoyment[C]amusement[D]delight
19.[A]conclude[B]to conclude[C]concluding[DJ concluded
20.[A]disrupted[B]interfered[C]interrupted[D]stopped答案I.D
2.B
3.A
4.C
5.B
6.B
7.A
8.D
9.C
10.AII.C
12.D
13.B
14.A
15.C
16.C
17.AI
8.C
19.C
20.C总体分析本文主要探讨了听行为对人际沟通的影响文章第一段从父母和子女之间的沟通动身,说明儿女不听父母的话造成了他们之间的隔阂其次段从婚姻的角度动身,说明夫妻双方的互忽视造成沟通不畅,从而使离婚率上升第三段从政治的角度动身,说明政府官员不倾听选民甚至不在意自己所说的话,造成官民隔阂例证法是本文接受的主要的论证方法全文翻译最近的一项民意测验显示美国一半的青少年认为他们与父母的沟通不好,而且造成这种隔阂的一个首要缘由是有不志向的倾听行为一个典型的例子是,一位母亲认为她女儿有严峻的听力问题她对此确信无疑,于是就带着女儿去听觉病矫治专家那儿检查她的耳朵专家细致检查了两只耳朵,然后告知这位母亲说“她的听力没问题,只是忽视你而已”离婚率上升(一半以上的婚姻以离婚告终)的一个首要缘由是夫妻间不能有效地沟通他们彼此充耳不闻两人对对方发出的精确信息都亳无反应同样地,据政治科学家报道,越来越多的人信任他们选举指派的官员与其本应代表的选民失去了联系为什么呢?因为这些人认为他们不须要倾听选民的看法事实上,有时我们的政治家们似乎连自己的声音都不听下面是一个真实的例子在几年前亚柏克尔克实行的全国立法会议上,一位新闻助理在当时的参议员约瑟夫蒙图亚演讲前交给了他一份新闻稿令该新闻助理大吃一惊而使听众感到好玩的是,当蒙图亚起来讲话时,他读的不是演讲稿而是那份新闻稿蒙图亚先生.以“即时新闻稿新墨西哥州的民主党参议员约瑟夫蒙图亚昨晚在全国……上说……”起先,读完了全部的六页新闻稿,并以他“时常被掌声打断”结尾
七、日本铁路车站的经济支配There isgrowing interestin EastJapan RailwayCo.ltd,one ofthesixcompanies,created outofthe privatizednationa—I—railwaysystem,inan industrylacking excitinggrowth I,its planto usereal-estate assetsinand aroundtrainstations_2_is drawinginterest.In aplan callcdlvStationRcnaissance^thatit_3_inNovember,JR Eastsaid thatitwould_4—using itscommercialspaces forshopsandrestaurants,extendingthem to_5_moresuitablefortheinformation age.It wantstrain stationsaspick-up_6—forsuchgoods asbooks,flowers andgroceries_7—over theInternet.In acountrywhere city_8—depend heavilyontrains_9_commuting,about16millionpeoplea daygotoits trainstationsanyway,thecompany_1_.So,picking upcommodiliesat rainstations_11_consumers extratraveland missedhomedeliveries.JR Eastalready hasbeen usingitsstation_12_stores forthispurpose»but itplans tocreate_13_spaces forthedeliveryofInternetgoods.Thecompany alsoplansointroduce_14_cards—known inJapanas ICcards becausetheyuseintegratedcircuitfor—15—information_16—trainticketsandcommuterpasses_17—themagneticonesusedtoday,integratingthemintoa/an_18_pass.Thiswillsavehecompanymoney,because_19_forICcardsaremuchlessexpensivethanmagneticsystems.IncreaseduseofICcardsshould also_20—thespace neededfor ticketvending.
1.[A]perspectives[B|outlooks[C]prospects[D]spectacles
2.[Alcreatively[B]originally[C]authentically[D]initially
3.[A]displayed[BJ demonstrated[C]embarked[D]unveiled
4.[A]go beyond[B]set out[C]comearound[D]spreadover
5.[A]applications[B]enterprises[C]functions[D]performances
6.[A]districts|B]vicinities[C]resorts|D]locations
7.[A]acquired[B]purchased[C]presided[D]attained
8.[A]lodgers[B]tenants IC]dwellers[DJboarders
9.[A1forfB]in[Cl of[D]as
10.[A]figures|B]exhibits[C]convinces[D|speculates
11.[A]deprives[B]retrieves[C]spares[D]exempts
12.[A]conjunction[B]convenience[C]department[D]ornament
13.[A]delegated[B]designated[C]devoted[D]dedicated
14.[A]clever[B]smart[C]ingenious[DJ intelligent
15.|A]checking[B]gathering[C]holding[D]accommodatingI6JA]as[B]for[C]with[D]of
17.[A]butfor[B]as wellas[CJ insteadof[Dj morethan
18.[A]unique[B]single[Cl unitary[D]only
19.[A]devices[B]instruments[C]readers[Dj examiners
20.[A]reduce[B]narrow[C]dwarf[D]shrink答案I.C
2.A
3.D
4.A
5.C
6.D
7.B
8.C
9.A
10.AII.C
12.B
13.D
14.B
15.C
16.A
17.C I
8.B
19.C
20.A总体分析本文介绍了东日本铁路公司引人关注的新支配文章第一段介绍说东日本铁路公司创建性地利用车站内部及四周房地产的支配正引起越来越多人的关注其次段详细介绍了这一支配的内容及好处,即适应信息时代的要求,把车站作为网上购物的物品收取地,这样既为消费者供应了便利,又提高了递送物品的平安性第三段介绍了该公司引入智能卡代替目前运用的各种磁卡作车票的支配及其优点全文翻译通过国家铁路系统的私有化创建起来的六大公司之一的东日本铁路有限公司,正吸引着越来越多人的目光在•个发展前景不振的行业,它创建性地利用车站内部及四周的房地产的支配正引起人们的关注东日本铁路在11月份公布的“车站复兴”支配中说它将不仅把它的商业空地用于开商店和餐馆,而且还要把这些商业空地用手更加适应信息时代的功能上去它打算把车站作为网上所购物品如书籍、花卉和日用百货等的收取地。