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定语从句命题趋势定语从句是中考必考考点之一,其中以关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考相关概念1
①主句在含有定语从句的复合句中,除去定语从句后的部分,是句子的主句
②定语从句修饰主句中的一个名词或代词的句子是定语从句
③先行词先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的名词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面
④关系词关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词定语从句的关系词2引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括等,关系副词包括等关系代词和关系副词放在that/which/who/whom/whose where/when/why先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分定语从句的分类3根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整关系代词的基本用法4作主语作宾语作定语指人省略Who/that Who/that/whom/Whose指物省略Which/that Which/that/The manwho/that spokeat themeeting isfrom HongKongThe buildingwhich/that isbeing builtwill beused asa hospitalI visited ascientist whosename isknown allover theworld注意()当关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致1He isone ofthe boyswho likeplaying basketballHeis theone ofthe boyswho likesplaying basketball()通常在以下种情况下只能用而不能用26that which
①先行词为等代词时all/much/something/everything/nothing/little/none/the oneThatis allthat Iwant tosay
②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用而不用that,whichHe wasthe firstperson thatpassed theexamThis isthe mostwonderful filmthat Ihave seenLookat theapples.You cansee thetwo thatyou gaveme
③以或引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用who which thatWho isthe girlthat iscrying
④先行词被等词修饰时,只能用而不用the only/the very/the same/the last/little/few that,whichThis isthe samebike that I lostMr.Smith isthe onlyforeigner thathe knows
⑤先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用而不用that,whichWe weredeeply impressedby the teachers andschools thatwe hadvisited Ican rememberwell the
⑥先行词在主句中作表语,或关系代词在从句中作persons andsome picturesthatIsaw inthe room表语时It sa bookthat willhelp youa lot
⑦主句是结构,修饰主语的定语从句用而不用there bethat,whichThere isa bookon thedesk thatbelongs toTom关系词只能用而不用的情况3which,that
①先行词为、时,用而不用that whosewhich,thatWhats thatwhich isunder thedesk
②关系代词前有介词时,一般用而不用which,thatThis isthe roomin whichhe lives
③引导非限制性定语从句,用而不用which,thatTom cameback whichmade ushappy关系副词的基本用法51在句中作状语,表示时间whenHe remembersthe daywhen hejoined theLeagueThis isthe timewhen hearrived2在句中作状语,表示地点WhereThis isthe placewhere LuXun wasbornThis isthe placewhere heworks3在句中作状语,表示原因WhyThis isthe reasonwhy heis latetodayNobody knowsthe reasonwhy heis oftenlate forschool关系代词引导的定语从句6限制性定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立非限制性定语从句1则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义在形式上,非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开引导非限制性定语从句的可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整个句子2which除之外,还可用等关系副词或关系代词来引导非限制性定语3which when,where,who,whom从句注意不能引导非限制性定语从句that在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词作宾语,引导词可以省略;但引导限制性定语从句的引导4词不能省,同时关系代词不能用替换whom who定语从句解题技巧定语从句的考点通常围绕关系代词的选用来设题解题时要遵循以下两个步骤先找出先行词,然后判断先行词指人还是指物如果先行词指人,关系代词用1或如果先行词指物,关系代词用或who,whom thatwhichthat判断所缺的关系代词在定语从句中所作的句子成分如果先行词指人,且关系代词在定语从2句中作主语,则关系代词可以用或who that典例品味lDo youknow thelittle boyis helpingthe oldman crossthe roadNo.But hownice heis!A which B who C whom D what2The moviewe sawlast nightwas fantasticAthat Bwhat C whose D who习题1Please passme thecartoon bookhas aMickey Mouseon thecoverA whomB which C whoseDwho2Its interestingthat thereare alot ofpeople speakFrench inCanadaA whereB whichC whoD when3The girlwon thegold medalcomes fromXiamen No.l HighSchoolA who B whichC whomD what4A friendis someonesays/What!You tooI thoughtI wasthe onlyone!A whichB who C whatD whose5Its badfor healthto hurryto moveinto ahouse hasnew furniturein itAwho Bwhere Cwhen Dthat6Most studentslike theteachers understandthem wellAwhichBwhat CwhomDwho7People aretalking aboutthe oldhouses JackieChan boughtin Anhuitwenty yearsagoA whereB whichCwhoD when8Being blindis somethingmost peoplecant imagineAwhoBwhichCthat Dwhom9He didntcatch theball hisfather threwto himAwhat BwhoCthat Dwhom10I stillremember thecollege andtheteachersIvisitedin LondonAwhat BwhoCthat Dwhich。