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2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍一定语从句【知识方法】先行词名词或代词定语从句——关系代词关系词—一关系副词【知识清单】定语从句知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词定语从句放在先行词后面定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句本章只介绍限定性定语从句引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where、when,关系代词和关系副词是引导词,在定语从句中担当某一成份关系代词、副词作用先行词例句that,who,主语人Do youknow the girl who/that isstandingwhom(只做宾语)宾语under atree表语你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?that,which主语She gota computerwhich/that herparents物、时间、宾语bought forher.地表语她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑点、原因whose定语人物The boywhose fatheris adoctor studiesvery hard.他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦The classroomwhose windowis openis mine.窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室I stillremember theday whenyou leaveforwhen状语时间Beijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天where状语地点This isthe schoolwhere mymother works.这就是我妈妈工作的学校why状语原因Could youexplain thereason whyyou werelate你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?
二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)
1.Ihal指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语This isthe penthat you are looking for.The girlthat haslong hairis my sister.
2.which指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语The bikewhich ismade inTianjin sellswell.The fishwhich webought werenot fresh.
3.who,whom指人,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语The boywho brokethe windowis calledTom.The personto whomhe istalking ismy father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲(宾语)
4.whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语The girlwhose bagis newis calledAnn.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann(指人)He livesin ahouse whosewidows opento thesouth.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子(指物)
三、只用which不用that的情况
1.在介词后只用which,不能用thatThis isthe bankin whichthe robberyhappened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行
2.先行词本身是that时,只能用which,不能用thatThe clockis Ihaiwhich Iel Isthe lime.钟表是用来报时的
四、只用that不用which的情况
1.先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用thatThis islhmost beautifulmountain that I haveseen.这是我所见过的最美丽的山
2.先行词被序数词修饰时只能用thatoThe firstEnglish novelthat Iread wasThirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》
3.先行词前有all,ciny,no,little,much,many,the only,the very,the last等修饰词时只能用thatoHere areall the books that1have.这就是我所有的书This isthe onlybook thatI like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书
4.先行词是everything,something,anything,al1,none,much,1i ttle,many,few等不定代词时,只能用thatoFinally,the thiefhanded ineverything thathe hadstolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西
5.先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时,只能用thatoI canremember(he peopleand somepictures IhatI saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画
6.先行词是the one时,只能用thatThis isthe onethat youwant.这就是你想要的
7.在以who引导的疑问句后,为了避免重复,只能用thatWho isthegirlthat isstanding there站在那边的那个女孩是谁
五、在介词后只能用whom,不能用whoThe girlto whomI talkedjust nowis fromAmerica.我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的
六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道,关系代词所代指的就是先行词,这里有一个等量关系)Tom isone ofthe boyswho arefrom the USA.Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个Tom isthe onlyboy thatis fromtheUSA.Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩
七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时.,如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时,要加介词或副词(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后,不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前)He isthe oldman who/whom welooked afterlast year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人That isthebookwhich Iam lookingfor.那就是我要找的书
八、关系副词when与where的使用
1.when指时间:I willnever forgetthe timewhen weworked onthe farm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光
2.where指地点(where=in等介词+which)This isthe housewhere(=in which)he1ived lastyear.这是他去年住的房子
九、定语从句与作定语的
①动词不定式、
②介词短语、
③现在分词短语、
④过去分词短语的转换She hasmuch workthat shemust do.=She hasmuch workto do.她有许多要做的工作The manin thecar isMr.Green.=The manwho isinthecar isMr.Green.在车上的人是格林先生The girlwatering flowersthere ismy sister.=The girlwho iswatering flowersthere ismysister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹The boysaved inIhe riverhas comeback to1ife.=The boywho wassaved inIhe riverhas comebackto life.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了
1.用合适的关系词完成句子1The man/was hereyesterday isa painter.®The man///Isawis calledSmith.
(3)A childparents aredead iscalled anorphan.4I dlike aroom windowlooks outover thesea.5A letter/is writtenin pencilis hardto read.6The letter//1received fromhim yesterdayis veryimportant.7That isthe boy///youarelookingfor.8Do youknow thereason hewas latefor themeeting9This isthe schoolI usedto study.@I stillremember theday_________we metfor thefirst time.【答案】
1.who/that
2.who/that/whom/不填
3.whose
4.whose
5.Which/that
6.Which/that/不填
7.Who/that/whom/不填
8.Why
9.Where
10.when。