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年高考英语一轮复习夯实基础北师大版20242019必修词汇讲解Bookl Unit
21.prefer”.更喜欢[先做]—单句语法填空
①2022•全国乙卷满分作文Half of the studentssurveyed prefer to learnlearnEnglish bywatchingEnglish movies.
②2022•全国乙卷满分作文Most students,that isto say65%,have apreferenceprefer forEnglish songs,with halfof thestudents keenon watchingEnglish movies.[后教]1prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事prefer sth.to sth.相比某物更喜欢某物prefer doingsth.to doingsth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事preferto do sth.rather than do sth.]宁愿做某would do sth.rather thando sth.;事而不愿would23preference n.偏爱;优先权;偏爱的事物rather do sth.thandosth.J做某事have apreference for偏爱;特别喜爱[佳句背诵]The reasonwhy Iprefer theclassical musicis thatit alwaysreminds meof thesplendidtraditional Chineseculture.我更喜欢古典音乐的原因是它总是让我想起灿烂的中国传统文化[名师点津]prefer不用于进行时;不可与比较级连用people aroundthe worldwere watchingher.
13.in good/bad shape健康状况良好/不佳[先做]——补全句子
①He keepstoo manythings in his pockets,so hissuit looksbadly out of shape(变形).
(2)After thesurgery,my fellowclassmate wasgradually iegood shape(逐渐地健康了).shape保持体形.[后教]lin the shape of...以……形状outofshape健康状况不好;变形keep inshape保持体形2shape sth.影响/决定某物be shapedlike形状像
③Tom alwaysgoes joggingin themorning andhe usuallydoes push-ups tokeep in[佳句背诵]The houseis unusualfor itsroof in theshapeof stairs这座房子的独特之处在于阶梯形的屋顶
14.try outfor参加选拔;争取成为团队的一员[先做]—单句语法填空/单句改错
①The salesgirlwas patientand askedme totry ona smallercoat.
②I triedto persuadepersuadehim togive upthe plan,but invain.
③Concept carsare away fordesigners totry theirideas on the publicwith completefreedom.在try后力口out[后教]try out试验;测试;试用某人try for sth.试图获得;争取try on试穿try to do...努力/试图做try doing...尝试做[佳句背诵]I knewfrom theInternet that you wantsome studentsto serveas spokesmenfor the animalsthey like.I wouldlike totry outfortheactivity.我从网上得知你们想招募一些学生作他们喜欢的动物的代言人,我愿意报名参加背诵点书面表达之申请信
15.pay off成功;有回报;奏效;达到目的;还清;解雇[先做]—单句语法填空/单句改错
①(2022•全国乙卷)How muchwould acouple withtwo childrenunder12pay for admission
②Borrowing moneyfrom friendswouldnt affectyour relationships,if youremember topayoff assoon aspossible,offf back[后教]pay for sth.付钱(买);支付pay back还钱;偿还;报复pay avisit to参观;拜访pay attention to注意;留心[佳句背诵]I suggestyou shouldpay moreattentiontoyour handwriting,which canhelpyou improveyour grades.我建议你多注意书写,这会帮助你提高成绩背诵点书面表达之建议信
16.take advantageof利用[先做]——补全句子
①(2021•全国乙卷满分作文)However,online learninghas bothadvantages anddisadvantages(有利也有弊).
②Once youhave agood commandof English,you willhave anadvantage overothers(比其他人有优势)when youhunt for a job.[后教](l)advantages anddisadvantages利与弊have anadvantage over胜过,优于
(2)make useof利用make themost of充分利用[佳句背诵]Taking advantageof freetime toride abike isof great benefit toour healthaswell asthe environment.利用空闲时间骑自行车对我们的健康和环境都有很大的好处背诵点书面表达之环境保护单元重点句型
1.状语从句的省略(教材原句)And dontdrink toomuch whilerunning,or itllmake youfeel sick.在跑步期间不要喝太多水,否则你会感到不舒服洗做]——单句语法填空()©While keptkeep withinits duebounds,it isboth beautifuland useful.
②(2021•全国甲卷)In myopinion,when/wheneverin trouble,weshouldseek helpfrom thosewetrust most.[后教]状语从句省略的条件1状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it;2状语从句谓语中含有be动词[佳句背诵]Although young,she wascalm andconfident onthe stage.虽然很年轻,但她在舞台上冷静自信[名师点津]对状语从句的省略的考查主要是判断连词后面用哪种非谓语形式,做题时关键是要弄清楚省略结构中的动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系主谓关系用现在分词,动宾关系用过去分词
2.with复合结构教材原句Esteban hadbeen cyclingas hardas hecould forhours andwith theHnishing lineinsight all the cyclistsbegan tospeed upto crossit.埃斯特班已经尽最大努力骑了好几个小时,终点线就在眼前,所有的自行车运动员开始加速通过终点[先做]一单句语法填空/单句改错
①With somuch workto dodo,I wasso anxiousthat Ihad troublesleeping.
②With moreand moreforests damaging,some animalsand plantsare facingthe dangerofdying out.damagingf damaged[后教]with复合结构在句中作状语和定语,其结构为1with+宾语+介词短语/形容词/副词;2with+宾语+doing,表示主动或进行;3with+宾语+done,表示被动或完成;4with+宾语+to do,表示将来的动作[佳句背诵]lWith allthe preparationsmade,he jumpedwith joy,his eyesglittering withexcitement.完成了所有的准备工作,他高兴地跳了起来,眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒2With tearsof joyin hereyes,she witnessedher daughterswedding.她热泪盈眶地见证了女儿的婚礼
3.while表示对比教材原句Navarro hadlet Estebanfinish inthird place,while hecame fourth.纳瓦罗让埃斯特班获得了第三名,而他获得了第四名[先做]——写出下列句中while的含义
①2022•全国甲卷While Iwas thrilledthat hewas ananimal lover,I worriedthat threedogswere perhapstoo many,and mydogs mightattack Flora,the cat.虽然;尽管
②2022•全国乙卷满分作文The percentof thestudents wholisten toEnglishsongsis ashighas65%.50%of themwatch Englishmovies whileonly18%read Englishbooks.然而,可是
③2022・d匕京卷One Mondaymorning,while thechildren wereenjoying freeplay”,Istepped to the doorwayof theclassroom totake abreak.当的时】矣[后教]1作并列连词时,意为“然而”,表示前后分句的对比;2引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……的时候、在……时”,状语从句的省略形式为while doing/done,意为“当做/被时“;3引导让步状语从句从句常置于句首时,表示转折,意为“虽然、尽管“,不能与but连用,但可与yet/still连用[佳句背诵]Many countrypeople arebeginning towork andlive inbig cities,while manycitypeople arecoming to the countrysideforaquiet andpeaceful life.许多农村人开始到大城市里工作和生活,然而许多城里人却正到农村去享受宁静的乡村生活
4.desire n.”渴望[先做]—单句语法填空
①Young peoplehave astronger desireforabetter lifeand aremore skilledin usingtheInternet tolook forbusiness opportunities.
②We desire that immediatehelp shouldbe giveegivetothelocal villagerswho havebeentrapped bythe flood.[后教]J to dosth.迫切想要做某事lhave astrong desirei…”[forsth.渴望得到某物2desire todosth.渴望做某事desire sb.todosth.希望某人做某事desirethat...should dosth.希望做某事[佳句背诵]Knowing youhave astrong desire to learn Chinese well,Pd liketo offeryousome suggestions.=Knowing youdesiretolearnChinesewell,Id liketo offeryou somesuggestions.得知你很想学好汉语,我想给你提供一些建议背诵点书面表达之建议信
5.defence〃.防守队员,后卫;保卫,防御;辩护[先做]—单句语法填空/单句改错
①It isthe natureof amother todo allshe canto defendher childfrom/againstharm anddanger.
②She steppedback appearingsurprised andput upher handsas ifdefence.^defence前力口in[后教]lin defenceof保护;保卫;(为……)辩护in one*s defence为某人辩护2defend vt.保护;保卫;防守;辩解defend...from/against保护……以免受defend oneself为自己辩护;自卫[佳句背诵]The lawyersare allowedto defendthemselves incourt accordingto Chineselaw.根据中国法律,律师被允许在法庭上为自己辩护
6.relieve”.减轻,缓解[先做]—单句语法填空
①2020•天5拿卷5月一You seemto bein areally goodmood.一I finishedmy lasttest today.What a relief!Now Imfree.
②2020•浙江卷7月Thank goodness!We succeededin climbingonto thehelicopter,gaspingwith/inrelief.
③2020•江苏卷Quality countsless thanattitude andeffort—even astupid jokecan relieveothersof riskand embarrassment.[后教]lrelieve sb.of...缓和/减轻某人的2reliefn.减轻,缓解;安慰;救济令某人感到欣慰的是to one*s reliefwith/in relief欣慰地,宽慰地It isarelieftodosth.做某事是放心的/舒心的3relieved adj.宽慰的;欣慰的[佳句背诵]After histerrifying adventure,Mac feltrelieved whenhe reachedhome safeto hislovingfamily.在经历了可怕的冒险之后,麦克安全地回到了亲爱的家人身边,感到如释重负
7.particular〃.尤其,特别特定的[先做]一单句语法填空/单句改错
①Tom isa veryopen-minded man,and wontbe particularaboutsmall things.
②I amparticular goodat spokenEnglish andhave adeep understandingof culturesof ourcity,which willgreatly helpme dothe job.particulaL particularly[后教]lbe particularabout/over...对……讲究/挑剔be particulartodosth.特地做某事2in particular=particularly尤其;特别[佳句背诵]As faras Iknow,this kindof foodis richin nutrition,and itcontains a lot ofmineralsin particular.据我所知,这种食物营养丰富,特别是含有大量的矿物质[联想发散]表示“尤其;特别”的副词还有specially、especially等
8.benefit〃•好处,益处[先做]单句语法填空.(使)受益;得益于
①You canalso goover theknowledge atthe sametime andyou aresure tobenefit from
9.equipment〃.设备,装备[先做]一单句语法填空/单句改错
①All ridersare equippedwithreflective vestsand safetylights.
②The companyhas boughtalotof newequipments sincethe newmanager cametopower.equipmentsf equipment[后教]la pieceof equipment一件设备2equip v.装备;配备equip...with...用……来装备……be equippedwith...配有……equip sb.forsth./todosth.使某人为(做)某事而准备;使某人具备(做)某事的条件[佳句背诵]In myview,education isabout learningand themore youlearn,the moreequippedfor lifeyou are.在我看来,教育就是学习,你学得越多,你就越能适应生活背诵点书面表达之建议信
10.prevent”.预防;阻止,阻挡[先做]—单句语法填空
①2022•新高考全国卷I Theelderly residentsin carehomes inLondon arebeing givenhensto lookafter tostop themfeelingfeel lonely.
②2020•天津卷7月It preventspeople whoare cutoff fromsociety fallingfallvictim tocheaters.[后教]lprevent/stop...from doingsth.=keep...from doingsth.阻止……做某事2prevention n.预防,防止[佳句背诵]To preventsoft tissueinjury,make surethatyouwear properclothes andequipmentwhen exercising.为避免软组织损伤,你要确保锻炼时穿合适的衣服,戴合适的装备(译林光修二U2)[名师点津]pre vent/s top/keep...from doingsth,用于被动语态时,其中的from均不可省略
11.amount〃•数量;总额[先做]单句语法填空/单句改错等于;合计;发展成为Q
①The amountof moneyinhisbank accountwasbe sohuge thatthe authorgot overjoyed.
②2021•浙江卷6月It wastiring work,but Ilooked forwardtothepay,even thoughI wasntsurehow muchit wouldamount to.
③Huge amountsof informationhave updatedinthepast minutes.在updated前力口beenlthe amountof...的数量[后教]a large/small amountof+〃.[U]+o.单数large/small amountsof+〃.[U]+o.复数2amount to共计,总计;等于,相当于[佳句背诵]The amountof junkfood teenagerseat goesup yearby year,which graduallyruinstheir health.青少年吃垃圾食品的数量逐年上涨,这逐渐损害了他们的健康[名师点津]只修饰不可数名词的词汇及短语还有a greatdeal ofmuch等
12.satisfaction〃.满足,满意;令人满意的事[先做]—单句语法填空
①2022•浙江卷1月Finally,my hardwork paidoff—we wereawarded anA,which gavemegreat satisfactionsatisfy.
②To mysatisfaction,I gota satisfying/satisfactoryresult ofthe exam,which mademy motherquitesatisfied,satisfy
③2020•天津卷7月1think ofone friendwho couldntarrange flowersto satisfysatisfyherself.[后教]满意地lwith satisfaction令某人满意的是to one*s satisfaction使满意;使满足2satisfy vt.满足某人的需要satisfy one*s needs/demands(感到)满意的;满足的3satisfied adj.对……感到满意be satisfiedwith...令人满意的4satisfying adj.满意的satisfactory adj.[佳句背诵]To satisfymy needs,my fathercreated agood learningatmosphere forme.Looking atmy reportcard,my fathernodded withsatisfaction,a smilespreading acrosshis face.为了满足我的需要,爸爸为我创造了一个良好的学习氛围看着我的成绩单,我爸爸满意地点了点头,脸上绽开了微笑洗做]——用sight的相关短语填空
①At thesight ofthe rescuedboy,his parentswere seizedwith happiness.
②2022•新高考全国卷I Astime wenton,other runnersfinished therun butI couldntcatch sight ofDavid.
③At therailway station,the motherwaved goodbyeto herdaughter tillthe trainwas outofsight.[后教]lcatch sightof看见;瞥见lose sightof看不见lose onessight失明coa23otumttaahoteecffoisisnrmiisgtgotmhhststoiiogngfhhsttight进看一一乍入不看个一视见见常看野见;的初现看象时[佳句背诵]As soonas youenter theuniversity gate,you willcatchsightof manyold treesandbuildings.背诵点书面表达之地点介绍一踏进这所大学的校门,你就会看见许多古老的大树和建筑
12.amazed由.大为惊奇的,惊讶的[先做]一单句语法填空CDAmazedamaze andembarrassed,she feltas ifalltheair wereto disappearand。