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年高考英语一轮复习夯实基础(北师大版)20242019必修词汇讲解Book Unit
11.senior的.级别(或地位)高的;高级水平的n.较……年长的人;级别(或地位)较高者[先做]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①She issenior tome,as shejoined thecompany beforeme.
②Tickets at the gateare$10,$7for seniors(age55and up).老年人[后教]be seniorto...比年长/资历深/职位高[佳句背诵]It coversa wide variety oftopics toattract seniorstudents,leading usinto theouterworld as a silentfriend.它涵盖了各种各样的话题来吸引高中生,作为一个沉默的朋友引导我们(进入外面的世界2021•新高考全国卷I满分作文)背诵点书面表达之投稿[名师点津]有些形容词本身就含有“比……更……”之意,不与than搭配,要与介词to连用,这样的形容词还有junior、prior、inferiors superioro
2.challenging或小有挑战性的;有吸引力的[先做]一单句语法填空/单句改错
①2020•全国卷I Landingon themoon*s farside isextremely challengingchallenge.
②He acceptedhis friendschallenge toswimswim across the river.31quickly lowermyself,ducking myhead toavoid lookingdirectly into his eyesso hedoesntfeel challenging,challengingf challenged[后教]lchallenge n.挑战;难题;质疑vt.挑战;怀疑a challengeto...对的挑战take on/meet/face/issue achallenge接受/应对/面临/发起挑战
①译林必修三U3The Internethas thepower toconnectconnect peopleacrossthe world toasingle sharedcommunity.
②Im terriblysorry that its beyondmy power to make afinal decisionon the project.
③2022,北京卷This five-year-old taughtme apowerfulpower lessonin faith.
④Im afraidits notmypower to getthe workdone insuch a short time.在not后力口within/in[后教]lhave thepowerto do sth.有能力/权利做某事2within/in ones power在某人能力范围之内beyond/out ofones power某人力所不能及do everything/all inone*spowerto do sth.尽力而为做某事3powerful adj.强大的;有权力的[佳句背诵]It issaid thatthis kindof batterycan poweran electriccar for600miles onasingle charge.据说这种电池充电一次就能驱动一辆电动汽车行驶600英里
16.responsible负责的;有责任心的[先做]一单句语法填空D Asa responsibleperson,I mustshoulder myresponsibilityto helpthem responsibly.responsible
17.contribution〃・贡献;捐款[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①The writerpersonally contributed£5,000to theflood-stricken areaand allhiscontributionscontribute weregratefully received.
②Doing smallthings wellcontributes tobuild upour confidenceand helpingus meetbiggerchallenges in the future,buildf building[后教]lmake contributions/a contributionto...对做出贡献2contribute vi.vt.捐献,捐赠;捐助;增加contribute...to...把捐献给contribute to有助于;导致;投稿[佳句背诵]The nextday Iwent to the farmagain andfelt gladto makecontributions tothehousehold.第二天,我又去了农场,很高兴能为家里做点贡献2021•浙江卷6月[联想发散]表示“导致”的还有lead to、result incause、bring aboutgiverise to、generate等18*intend”.计划,打算;想要[先做]一单句语法填空
①2022•新高考全国卷I0分作文Intendedintend toenrich students*school life,ourprogram featuresthe funof English.
②译林必修三U4In the1960s,many people were dyingof malaria,and in1969Tu becameheadof ateam thatintended finding/to find行nd acure for the disease.[后教]打算做某事intend sb.to dosth.打算让某人做某事lintend doing/to dosth.had intendedto dosth.本来打算做某事2intended adj.为……打算(或设计)的be intendedto do.../for...专门为做・・・・・・/为・・・・・・设计打算,目的,意图3intention n.with an/the intentionof...才包有......的目的[佳句背诵]Our program,“Talk andTalk”,is intendedto shareEnglish learningmethodsand experiencewith students.我们的“Talk andTalk”节目旨在与学生分享英语学习方法和经验2022•新高考全国卷I满分作文
19.adapt vi..使适应;改编[先做]——单句语法填空
①2020,全国卷HI满分作文Im writing to askfor yourguidance onashortplay,which isadaptedadaptfrom oneof ourtexts.
②Mike,Mary andI hada discussionabout theadaptationadapt of the classicliteratureyesterday.1adapt oneselfto(使自己)适应于adapt sth.from...根据……改编某物be adaptedfor...为……而改写/改编2adaptable adj.能适应的;可修改的[后教]适应;改编;改编本adaptation n.[佳句背诵]Luckily,he managedto adapttohisnew school life andsoon madenew friends.幸运的是,他成功适应了新的学校生活,很快就交了新朋友[名师点津]形近词辨析ladapt适应、改编f adopt采纳、收养;2desert沙漠f dessert甜点;3expect期待f expert专家;4access接近f assess评估;5aboard在船上一abroad在国外
20.moment几•片刻;瞬间;机遇[先做]一单句语法填空/单句改错
①2021•新高考全国卷I Butlike allperformances,there aremoments whenthingsgowrong.
②But atthe moment,school comesfirst.I dontwant toget tooabsorbed inmodeling.
③Hl beback aftera moment,and if you needanything,just waveat me!afterf in[后教]atthe moment此亥h目前,眼下,现在for a moment片亥“,一会儿in amoment马上,过一会儿常用于将来时the moment就引导时间状语从句[佳句背诵]The bossis havinga talkwith someworkers atthemoment.But you can waitherefor amoment.The talkwill beover in amoment.老板此时正在和一些工人谈话,但你可以稍等片刻,谈话马上就结束了
22.deal with处理;对付;安排;涉及;和……做生意;解决;与……打交道[先做]——写出下列句中deal with的含义
①2021•全国甲卷Only afew chooseto dealwith theproblem on their own.处理
②Most travelagents donot dealdirectly with these companies•彳口做生意
③Her poemsoften dealwith thesubject ofdeath.涉及
④She isused todealing withall kindsof peoplein herjob.与打交道[后教]1deal in做……生意;经营;买卖2make adealIts adeal.成交;一言为定3a great/good deal of许多;大量(后接不可数名词)a great/good deal许多;大量(用作主语、宾语或状语)达成协议;做成交易[佳句背诵]Thanks topapermaking andprinting,a greatdealofancient informationhasbeen keptin books.多亏了造纸术和印刷术,大量的古代信息才得以保存在书籍中
①As wellas havinghavedifficulty adaptingherself tothe newschoollife,she foundtheculture differencewas anotherchallenge forher.背诵点书面表达之学校生活
②2020•天5聿卷7月满分作文Our headteacheras wellas fivestudent representativeswasinvitedinvite todeliver aspeech atyesterday*s coming-of-age ceremony.
③The deadlinefor theproject is around thecorner,so wemay/mightas wellget somehelp.[后教]las wellas可以连接两个平行结构,连接并列主语时谓语动词与前面的主语一致;2aswell意为“也、又、还”,常放在句子末尾,作为副词短语使用;3may/might aswell dosth.意为“倒不如做某事;不妨做某事”[佳句背诵]There issolid evidencethat wehumans arenot takinggood careof theoceans,such asplastic pollution,oil leak,rising sealevels aswellasextreme weathers.有确凿的证据表明,我们人类没有好好爱护海洋,比如塑料污染、石油泄漏、海平面上升以及极端天气2022•全国甲卷满分作文背诵点书面表达之环境保护单元重点句型
24.find+宾语+宾语补足语教材原句Youll oftenfind mesitting infront of my laptop.你会经常发现我坐在笔记本电脑前面[先做]单句语法填空/单句改错
①2021天津卷3月Walking in the naturereserve,youll findyourself attractedattractby♦the amazingscenery.
②You willcertainly findthe artexhibition veryenjoyableenjoy andfall inlove with the art.
③After Iarrived inAmerica,I foundmyself liveinacompletely strangeforeign culture.livefliving[后教]〃动词-ing形式动词-ed形式lfind+宾语+彳形容词介词短语2在“find+it+形容词/名词+todo…”句型中,it是形式宾语,to do…是真正的宾语[佳句背诵]The twinsfound itdelightful toprepare breakfastfor theirmother.这对双胞胎觉得为母亲做早餐很愉快2021•新高考全国卷I
25.so that引导目的状语从句教材原句1am alwaysattentive inall classesand thinkactively,so thatI canhave morefreetime to do otherthings thatIm interestedin afterschool.我在所有课堂上总是专心听讲并积极思考,这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事情[先做]——一句多译倡导和谐人际关系她给诺尔提供了一顿免费的饭和一张床,以便他能睡一夜好觉
①She providedNoel afree mealand abed so that he could get a good nights sleep.
②She providedNoel afree mealand abed in order thathecouldgetagoodnightssleep.[后教]lso that引导目的状语从句,相当于inorderthat,从句中往往含有情态动词,如can、could maymight等;2so that也可以引导结果状语从句,此时从句中往往没有情态动词[佳句背诵]We shouldsort thegarbage properlysothat they canbe treatedeasily anddifferently.我们应该对垃圾进行适当的分类,这样它们就可以很容易地被区别对待背诵点书面表达之环境保护
26.在分词短语作伴随状语教材原句After along day,Zhang Tianfinally gotback tohis smallroom,feeling tired.漫长的一天过后,张天疲惫不堪,终于回到了自己的小窝[先做]一单句语法填空/单句改错
①We collectedall themoney andpapers atonce,puttingput themin thedrawer.
②There isno greaterpleasure thanlying onmy backin themiddle ofthe grassland,staringstare atthe nightsky.31have avery busylife with no timeto sitaround feltsorry formyself.felL feeling[后教]feeling tired是v.-ing形式作伴随状语,表示伴随情况challenge sb.to dosth.向某人挑战做某事/要求某人做某事2challenged adj.受到挑战的[佳句背诵]Many Chinesebrands,having developedtheir reputationsover centuries,arefacing newchallenges fromthe modemmarket.很多享誉数百年的中国品牌现在正面临着现代市场带来的新挑战lo.-ing形式作状语除了表示伴随以外,还可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果和方式等;2%.-ing形式除在句中作状语外,还可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语等[佳句背诵I Herose tohis feet,crossed theroom andhugged metightly,crying withoutcontrol.他站起来,穿过房间,紧紧地拥抱我,不受控制地哭了起来
27.分否定教材原句However,not everythinglived upto ZhangTians hopes.但是,并不是每件事都像张天希望的那样[先做]——补全句子
①Not everyonecan seizethe chance不是每个人都能抓住机会when itappears beforeus.
②Tom asksJack andPeter togo ona picnicwith him,but neitherof iheniwauls lo他们两个都不想去,because theyhave workto do.
③I agreewith mostof whatyou said,but Idont agreewith everythingthat yousaid并非同意你讲的一切).[后教]⑴当all both、eachbody/one/thing alwayswhole entirely等具有总括意义的代词和副词与not连用时,构成部分否定,意为“不是……都;并非……都”;2表示否定意义的词组Xneither、none、nothing等与肯定式谓语连用时,构成全部否定[佳句背诵]Our Englishteacher isexcellent,but shecan!help everyonein theclass in50minutes.我们的英语老师非常棒,但是她不可能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学
3.schedule〃•日程表,计划表”.为……安排时间;列入[先做]一单句语法填空
①We shouldwork extrahours ontheprojectto completeit onschedule oreven aheadofschedule.
②As scheduledschedule,during yourstay atour school,we willfirst giveyou atourof ourschool.[后教]lon schedule准时;按时间表ahead ofschedule提前2be scheduledto dosth.按计划要做某事as scheduled正如预期的那样[佳句背诵]Finding timefor bothstudies andextra-curricular activitiesisabigchallenge,so Ineed tomakeaworkable schedule.找到时间兼顾学习和课外活动是一项巨大的挑战,因此我需要制定一个切实可行的[联想发散]意为“提前”的其他表达in advanceahead oftimeo
4.expectation.期待;预料,预期[先做]——单句语法填空
①2022•新高考全国卷H Thecouple hasa highsuccess ratein gettingaccepted ashousesitters and they alwaysgo beyondthe homeownefsexpectationsexpect.
②2022•全国甲卷People inFrance expectyou toeateat witha utensilin eachhand.
③2021•新高考全国卷I AsI toldmy parentsat dinnerthat firstnight,it wasall alittlemore high-pressure thanI hadexpectedexpect.[后教]lout oiVbeyondones expectations超出某人的预期live upto/meet onesexpectations2expect v.预料;期待;期望;认为不负某人的期望expect sb.to dosth.期待(某人)做某事3expected adj.预料的,预期的as expected按计划进行,不出所料[佳句背诵]Improving theteaching qualityis thecommon expectationoftheeducationdepartments,and alsothe importantelement ofsocial competitiveforce ofschool.提高教学质量是教育部门各方共同努力所期望的,也是学校提高社会竞争力的重要手段
28.range n.一系列;范围加.在一定范围内变化;包括,涉及;排列[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①The operahasalarge audience,rangingrange fromchildren tograndparents.
②2021•全国乙卷Activities thererange fromwhale watchingto hiking远足andaccommodations aim to havea lowimpact onthe naturalenvironment.
6.various.各种各样的;多种类型的[先做]——单句语法填空/语段填空
①2022•新高考全国卷I满分作文As aninterview program,we ofteninvite specialguests toshareopinions onvariousvary topics.©Varietiesof after-class activitieswill beheld,varyingfrom theEnglish Cornerto theLiteratureClub.So westudents canget variousexperiences.vary[后教]
(1)vary vi.(根据情况)变化;改变vary in...在(大小、形状等)上不同vary with/by...随变化/改变
(2)variety n.种种;多样化a varietyofVvarieties of种种;各种各样的[佳句背诵]Some studentsexpressed theirgreat concernfor thesituation ofwild animals,andothers putforward awidevarietyof measuresto protectthem.一些学生表达了他们对野生动物状况的极大关注,其他学生提出了各种各样的措施背诵点书面表达之保护动物来保护它们
29.convenient adj.方便的,便利的[先做]——语段填空/单句语法填空
①Fm sorryfor theinconveniencecaused bymy mistakes.I wonderif itis convenient for youtocome onThursday.If not,youcancome atyour convenience,convenient
②In aword,if wehad sucha magicwatch,our lifewould becomemoreconvenientconvenience.[后教]lIt isconvenient forsb.to dosth.2convenience n.便利;方便at onesconvenience在某人方便的时候for convenience为了方便起见某人方便做某事3inconvenience n.不便inconvenient adj.不方便的「佳句背诵]Do letme knowif itsconvenientforyou.I wouldappreciate it ifyou could givemean earlyreply.(如果你方便的话,请告诉我如果您能早日给我答复,我将不胜感激2022•新高考全国卷I满分作文)[名师点津]convenient作表语时,不可用人作主语,常用it作形式主语
①Her husbandaddicted himselfheto smoking,which hada badeffect onhis health.
②Hearing thather youngerbrother hasbecome anaddict whois addictedaddictto theInternet,Annie isvery concernedabout himfor hisaddictionaddict.[后教]1addict oneselfto sth.某人沉溺于某事2addicted adj.有瘾的;上瘾的;入迷的be/become addicted to...对入迷;对上瘾3addiction n.瘾;入迷;嗜好[佳句背诵]Learning thatyou areaddictedtotable tennis,I amwritingtosincerely inviteyouto jointhe tabletennis teamin ourschool.背诵点书面表达之邀请信得知你对乒乓球很入迷,我写信诚邀你加入我们学校的乒乓球队
31.aim〃.目的,意图;瞄准况.力求达到;目的是;瞄准;针对[先做]一单句语法填空/单句改错
①I amaiming totrytry outfor atalent showto provethat evena personwithnoarms iscapableof playingthe piano.
32.suffer vi..遭受痛苦[先做]一单句语法填空
①The smilesontheirfaces havedeeply touchedme andinspired meto devotemy lifetohelping thosesufferingsuffer pains.
②People ofthe disasterarea suffereda lotfromthe typhoon,and waterand electricitywerehard toget.[后教]lsuffer alot ofpain遭受巨大的痛苦suffer severedamage损失惨重suffer from...患病;因受苦2suffering n.苦恼;让人痛苦的事sufferer n.患难者;患病者[佳句背诵]In thesedays oftechnological changewe allsuffer frominformationoverload.在这科技日新月异的时代,过多的信息使我们应接不暇
11.reduce”.减少;降低;缩小[先做]—单句语法填空
①It wasso foggythatthedriver hadto reducethe speedto fortykilometers anhour.
②With greateffort,she hasreduced herweight byfive kilogramsinthepast7days.
12.typical.典型的;一贯的;平常的[先做]一单句语法填空/单句改错
①2020,江苏卷改编The10peoplewerechosen forthe experimentbecause theirlifestyleswere typicalof ordinarypeople.
13.inspire”.鼓励;激励[先做]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①2022•全国甲卷Inspiredinspire bythe Beltand RoadForum forInteractionalCooperation heldin Beijing,Cao decidedto coverthe routeby hikingasatribute致敬to theancientSilk Road.
②译林选出一U4These travellingexperiences alsonourished hislove ofnature andinspiredhim towritewrite numerouspoems inthe romanticstyle.
③For Westerndesigners,China andits richculture havelong beeninspiration forWesterncreative.在inspiration前力口an[后教]linspire sb.todosth.激励某人做某事inspire sb.with sth.=inspire sth.in sb.激起/引起某人……2inspiration n.激励;灵感;启示inspired adj.得到灵感的;受到鼓舞的inspiring adj.激励的;启发灵感的;鼓舞人心的[佳句背诵]Every day,we areinspired bysome peopledoing extraordinarythings toimprovetheworld.每天,我们都受到一些人的鼓舞,这些人正在做非凡的事情来改善世界
14.apply况.申请;请求;对适用”.应用;涂,敷;使专注于[先做]——语段填空©Alice appliedtotheinternational schoolin Africafor ajob asanEnglishteacher.She hopedshecould applywhat shelearned inthe universitytotheteaching career.To herdelight,she waschosenfrom hundredsof applicantsapplyand nowshe isapplying herselfto teachingteachthestudents.[后教]把运用到中;把涂到上apply to...涉及……;适用于apply to...for...(向)申请apply oneselfto doingsth.集中精力于做某事2applicant n.申请人application n.申请;申请书;适用[佳句背诵]Fd appreciateitifyoucouldtake myapplication intoaccount atyourconvenience.如果您能在方便的时候考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激背诵点书面表达之申请信
15.power〃•能力;力量;权力;动力;电力[先做]一单句语法填空/单句改错。