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2024年高考英语一轮复习夯实基础(北师大版2019)必修Book2Unit5语篇巩固检测(解析版)A卷(主题语篇素养强化)I.阅读理解A(2023•商丘前三名校联考)By nowits almostcommon knowledgethat spendingtime innatureis goodfor you.Areas withmore treeslend to be lesspolluted,so spendingtime thereallowsyou tobreathe easily.Spending timeoutdoors has been linkedwith reducedblood pressureandstress andseems tomotivate people to exercisemore.Soitllcome asnosurprisethattheresresearchshowingthatspendingtimeinnature isgood.There aredozens ofpapers showingthat,n University of ExeterMedical Schoolresearcher MathewP.White said.We getthis idea-patients arecoming tous and they areasking,Doctor,how longshouldI spendAnd thedoctor issaying,I dontreally know.’SoWhiteandhisteamdecidedtofindoutbyusingdatacollectedfromnearly20,000peopleinEngland throughthe Monitorof Engagementwith theNatural EnvironmentSurvey.And theiransweris twohours aweek.People whospent at least thatmuch timein natureeither allal onceortotaled overseveral shortervisits weremore likelyto reportgood healthand psychologicalwell-being thanthose withno natureexposure.Remarkably thetwo-hour standardapplied tomen andwomen,to olderand youngerfolks,topeople fromdifferent ethnicbackgrounds,occupational groups,socioeconomic levels,and soon.Even peoplewith long-term illnessesor disabilitiesbenefited fromtime spentin nature-as longas itwas atleast120minutes perweek.While thefindings arebased on a vastnumber ofpeople,White cautionsthat itsreally justacorrelation.Nobodyknows whyorhow naturehas thisbenefit,or whetherthe findingswillstand uptoa morestrict investigation.“I wantto bereally clearabout this.This isin veryearly stages.Were notsayingIheearth.”可知,亚马孙雨林毁坏的结果是地球的生态系统会遭到巨大的破坏
4.Why docsthe authorlist thenumbers ofdifferent speciesA.To explainwhy asavannah cannothost somany species.B.To introducemeasures needed to protect the biodiversity.C.To stressthe ecologicalimportance of the Amazon rainforest.D.To showwhat new ecosystem is neededtohost thesespecies.C解析推理判断题通读最后一段可知,亚马孙雨林是许许多多物种的家园草原环境如果缺乏多种类的植物,就无法容纳目前存在于热带雨林中的大型生态系统据此可推知,最后一段列举大量数字是为了强调亚马孙雨林生态的重要性II.完形填空Everyone wantsthe bestfor theirkid,but noone knowswhat thatis.It mightbe winning,or itmightjust be the opposite:
1.Ive learnedthis as a hockey冰球
2.In2013,my sonsteam3lost more than three straightgames.Itwasaprettygoodhockeyseason,duringwhichhe4asa playerbutdidnotmuchchangeasa person.For that,you needto loseand thatis what5the nextyear.His teamlost40of theirfirst50games.For atime,I6thatthese failureswould7my childsloveof thegame.Butthatdidnthappen.The failuremade somekids giveup,leaving justthe8hockey-lovers behind.The9of theteamplayers hasdecreased from17to
12.It wasespecially1for mykid.It taughthim agreat11of theworld:For everyonegood,there issomeone better.For everythingbig,there issomething bigger.In thisway,he learned12,and remembered what it was that hed13about the game in the firstplace.The kidswere learningfrom this process.Each playergot toplay andlearn therole ofeveryposition onthe
14.15,they keptan eyeon their16too,studying the17to defeatthem.They hadlearnedthe mostimportant18You canlose withoutbeing
19.They managedto enterthe statetournament,then20it allthe wayto thefinal.When theylostthe finaland wentinto thehandshake line,it wasnot assilver medalwinners butasateam thathadbeen madeinto winnersin theonly waythat willstick——by losing.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文作者从儿子打冰球比赛的历练中领悟到了一个道理失败也是很好的成长教育
1.A.accomplishing B.succeedingC.losing D.quittingC解析根据上文“It mightbe winning,or itmight juslbetheopposite”可知,可能是成功也可能是失败
2.A.player B.coachC.parent D.fanC解析根据下文“In2013,my sonsteam Jostmore thanthreestraightgames.“可知,作者是一位冰球队员的家长
3.A.even B.neverC.already D.everB解析根据下文“It wasa prettygood hockeyseason”可知,作者儿子的球队从来没有连输三场以上
4.A.failed B.practicedC.weakened D.improvedD解析根据下文“but didnot muchchange asaperson”可知,作者的儿子作为球员有所进步
5.A.repeated B.happenedC.transformed D.concludedB解析根据上文“For thal,you needto lose”可知,作者认为自己的儿子还需要经历失败,就在第二年失败出现了
6.A.worried B.hopedC.ensured D.promisedA解析才艮据下文“these failureswould_my childslove of thegame”可知,作者对儿子很担心
7.A.robbed B.increasedC.cured D.killedD解析根据下文“But thatdidnt happen.和It taughthim...there issomething bigger.”可知,作者担心这些败绩会扼杀儿子对冰球比赛的热爱
8.A.casual B.generousC.faithful D.fakeC解析根据上文“Thefailure made some kidsgiveup”可知,失败后仍未离开的是忠实的冰球爱好者
9.A.score B.gradeC.number D.amountC解析才艮据上文“The failuremadesomekids giveup,leaving justthe_hockey-loversbehind.“可知,冰球球队的队员数目从17人减少到12人
10.A.terrible B.unluckyC.cruel D.educationalD解析根据下文“Il taughthim agreat_of theworld”可知,作者认为失败对孩子有教育意义
11.A.truth B.ruleC.value D.aspectA解析才艮据下文“For everyonegood,there issomeone better...there issomething bigger.”可知,作者认为失败教会儿子伟大的真理
12.A.determination B.competitionC.cooperation D.modestyD解析根据下文“rememberedwhatitwasthathed_about thegame in the firslplace”可知,通过失败,儿子学会了谦虚
13.A.argued B.knewC.loved D.learnedC解析根据In thisway,he learned...about thegame inthe firstplace.”可知,通过失败,儿子记起了自己最初喜欢这项运动的原因
14.A.ground B.grasslandC.field D.iccD解析根据上文Ive learnedIhis asa hockey.可知,冰球项目是在冰上
15.A.Besides B.ThereforeC.Otherwise D.InsteadA解析根据“Each playergot toplay andlearn therole ofevery position”可知,除此之外,冰球球员也密切关注他们的竞争对手,研究击败他们的技巧
16.A.team matesB.competitorsD.cheerleadersC.audience_to defeatthem”可知,冰球球员也密切关注他B解析根据下文“studying the们的竞争对手,研究击败他们的技巧B.factors
17.A.tricksD.causesC.effectsA解析参见上题解析B.lesson
18.A.speechD.topicC.lectureB解析根据下文“Youcanlosewithoutbeing”可知,冰球球员从失败中学到了最重要的一课
19.A.beaten B.copiedC.modelled D.abandonedA解析根据“You canlose without”可知,可以输但不能被打败
20.A.took B.madeC.put D.carriedB解析根据“They managedlo enlerihe slaletournament”可知,作者儿子的球队成功进入决赛川.短文改错(2023•商洛模拟)Last night,I sawtwo homelessmen tocome infor dinnerin arestaurant.They sitthere butdidnt ordernothing.So Idecided toorder dinnerfor themand payfor it.Meanwhile,I askedthe managernot totelling them about it.They wereso sui*prised thatthey triedhardlyto getmy idenlityof the manager.After severalunsuccessful try,they smiled,thanked himandleft.Thenthemanager askedmethatI knewthem.Myanswerwasno.He saiditshouldbemorekindnesseslike thatin world.答案:sitLast night,I sawtwo homelessmen的come infor dinnerin arestaurant.They~Salthere butdidnt order.So Idecided toorder dinnerfor themand payfor it.tellingMeanwhile,I askedthe managernot to||themaboutit.They wereso surprisedthatte.,hardly...of…,一trythey tried卜丁苗to getmy identitythemanager.After severalunsuccessful,they smiled,thanked himand left.Then themanager askedme Iknew them.Myanswer wasno.He said小亡should bemore kindnesseslike thatin jworld.IV.书面表达2023•驻马店高三联考假定你是李华,在英国伦敦留学,得知当地某自然环境保护区正在招募志愿者请你给其负责人写一封自荐信,内容包括:
1.写信目的;
2.个人优势;
3.表达期待注意
1.词数10左右:
2.可适当增加细节,使行文连贯One possibleversionDear Sir/Madam,I amLi Hua,a Chinesestudent studyingbiology inLondon.Im gladto beinformed thatyourreserve islooking forvolunteers.Im writingto applyfor beingone of them.As anenvironmentalist,I havebeen participatinginmanyprograms concerningenvironmentalprotection.Inthe meantime,I loveanimalsvery muchandknowhowto takecare ofanimals.Bytheway,I canspeak fluentEnglish,so Ican communicatewith otherswell.Id appreciateit ifI couldhave achance toreceive yourapproval.Yours,Li Huaeverybodyhas tospend120minutes.This isreally tostart theconversation,saying,what wouldathreshold looklike Whatresearch dowe needto takethis tothe nextstep beforedoctors canhavethe trueconfidence towork withtheir patientsBut itscertainly astarting point.M【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文一项研究表明,每周接触大自然两小时有益于身心健康
1.What doesWhite wantto figureout inthe surveyA.The benefitsof beingoutside.B.How longwe shouldstay in nature.C.The significanceof outdooractivities.D.Whether theBritish spendenough timeinnature.B解析细节理解题根据第二段最后一句和第三段第一句可知,怀特想要弄明白的问题是,我们应在大自然中待多久
2.What canwe learnfrom thelast twoparagraphsA.The two-hour standardapplies toeveryone.B.The reasonwhy natureis beneficialis clear.C.Further studyisneededto confirmWhites result.D.The findingsof Whitessurvey havebeen widelyused.C解析推理判断题根据倒数第二段的内容并结合最后一段中的“I wanllo...very earlystages.”可知,怀特的研究结果需要进一步证实
3.What doesthe underlinedword“threshold”inthelast paragraphmeanA.Strict investigation.B.Following step.C.Healthy lifestyle.D.Starting point.D解析词义猜测题根据画线部分上文可知,研究还处于早期阶段再结合下文中的“thenextstep”可知,画线部分意为“起步阶段”
4.Which of the followingcan bethe besttitle forthe passageA.Nature andHealthB.Two-Hour Stayingin NatureC.Tips toImprove HealthD.The StartingPointB解析标题归纳题根据全文内容尤其是第三段中的“Andtheiransweristwohoursaweek.”可知,文章介绍的一项研究表明每周接触大自然两小时有益于身心健康,B项最适合作本文标题B(2023•安阳一模)AnewUN reportissettorevealthatupto1millionspeciesface extinctionbecauseof humanactions.We arecausing amass extinctionevent,and criticallywe cannotseparateoneenvironmentalcrisisfromanother.Biodiversitylosscannotbeseparatedfromclimatechange,orfrom humanpopulation growthor pollutionor plasticsin ouroceans.These challengesare allinterconnected.If wecontinue toconsider theseproblems separately,solutions willcontinue toemergefar tooslowly.The connectionsbetween thesecrises makesolutions seemall toodifficult.But infact,asolution toone problemwill inevitablymake apositive impacton manyothers too.More than28,(X)0people aredying becauseof pollutedair eachyear inBritain andair pollutionis linkedtopsychotic(精神病的)experiencesandareductionineducationalachievement.Itsnotrocketscience:improving airquality inour citiesby cuttingpolluting vehicleswill bringa vastrange ofbenefits tohumanhealth,and helpdeal withclimate changetoo.George Monbiotadvocates takingland out of foodproduction andrewilding it.This willnotonly boostbiodiversity enormouslybut willalso dealwith globalwarming because those rewilded,rewetted landswill capturesignificantly more carbon.If theselands arealso openedup forus toenjoy,our physicaland mentalhealth willflourish.Thus werepair the ecology ofdestruction.Itcanbedifficulttoknowwhatwe candoasindividuals-butatleastweallpossessanincreasedunderstanding ofhow farming,consumption andenergy-use impactupon theplanet.If everyonemakesa smallchange,that willmake adifference toour planet.Were notstruggling tofind ideasto solveproblems eitherglobally orlocally.Its actionthatwere lacking,in governmentand beyond,as individualsand togetherasaspecies.If weact nowwcmay besurprised athow theseseemingly vastproblems decreasequicker than we imagine.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了环境污染、物种灭绝、人口增长、气候变化等问题是密切相关的,因此,人类应该立刻采取行动保护环境
5.What doesthe firstparagraph mainlytell usA.The ageof massextinction hasarrived.B.Environmental crisesare interrelated.C.Humans areto blamefor massextinction.D.Environmental crisesshould besolved separately.B解析段落大意题第一段首句引入话题,根据第二句中的“wecannot separateoneenvironmental crisisfrom another、第三句中的cannot beseparated from、第四句中的allinterconnected可知,第一段主要讲到了各种生态危机都是密切关联的
6.Why arerewildcd landsbeneficial tocontrolling globalwarmingA.They attracttourists.B.They providehabitat forbirds.C.They takein morecarbon.D.They boostbiodiversity.C解析细节理解题根据第三段中的“becausethoserewilded,rewelted landswill capturesignificantlymorecarbon”可知,恢复自然地貌的土地之所以有助于控制全球变暖是因为它们可以吸收更多碳
7.What doesthe authorcall onpeopletodoA.Take actionnow.B.Find abetter idea.C.Cooperate wilhothers.D.Turn tothe government.A解析推理判断题根据最后一段中的Its actionthat werelacking...thanweimagine.“可知,作者认为人们缺乏的是行动,因此,他呼吁人们立刻行动起来
8.Where doesthis passageprobably comefromA.A newsreport.B.A scientificjournal.C.A climatehandbook.D.A biologytextbook.B解析文章出处题本文以“A newUN report”引入话题,充分利用有效论据,层层推进,逻辑缜密,语言正式而严肃,符合科学说明类文章的特点,因此,本文应是出自科学杂志II.七选五(2023•焦作高三调研)Three ThingsWe MustDo toTackleClimate ChangeWithworld leadersmeeting atthe internationalclimate changeconference inGlasgow todiscussurgent globalaction tomeet oneof thegreatest challenges,many peoplestill dontknowwhat mustbe done.l.However,the goodnews weget from the reportis that it isnot toolate toavoidthe worstimpacts ofclimate change,if werespond rapidlyand decisively.But howIt comesdownto thefollowing threethings.Stop usingfossil fuelsgradually.
2.That meansno exploration,no newwells,mines,pipelines,orpowerplants.Wealreadyhaveavastamountoffossilfuelinfrastructure(基础设施),anditwilltake decadesto endits use.
3.Sun andwind arethe fastest-growing newsources ofenergy we have.Their costshavefallen sharply,making themthe leastexpensive optionsand encouragingthe adoptionofcleanenergy inmore andmore locations.Protect theworlds forests.Forests allover theworld currentlyabsorb abouta thirdof thecarbondioxide ouractivities sendout tothe atmosphere.
4.And thismust stop.To meetthe planetsgrowingfood needs,experts urgeimproved managementpractices onalready-cleared landratherthan clearingnew land.Finally,itishightime thatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhome we have.If so,we cantakeonthe challengewhatever thedifficulty is.
5.The threeactions wesuggest areessential forsuccess.A.Boost thedevelopment ofnew technology.B.Speed upthe useof clean,renewable energy.C.The alarmingmessages releasedurged usto changeour lifestyle.D.To achievethis,we mustallow nonew developmentof coal,oil andgas.E.The“code red”report fromthe conferencegreatly shockedmany people.F.We areonamission tosave theplanet Earth,its peopleand itsnatural wonders.G.Tropical forests热带雨林are especiallyat riskand stillbeing clearedfor agriculturaluses.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文文章针对气候变化问题提出三件我们必须做的事情,以此呼吁我们携手保护我们唯一的家园
1.E解析才艮据下文uHowever,the goodnews weget fromthe reportis that...”可知,该空应与“好消息”构成语义上的转折E项符合语境,其中的r叩on以及conference均为原词复现
2.D解析上文“Stop usingfossil fuelsgradually.”为本段主旨句,建议人们逐渐■停止使用化石燃料,故空处应是表示具体的做法D项符合语境,其中this指代上文整句,coal、oik gas与上文中的fossil fuels相呼应
3.B解析根据文章结构可知,此处是本段的主旨句,应为祈使句再根据空后的“Sunandwind...wehave.“可知,空处应与清洁可再生能源有关
4.G解析根据本段的首句可知,本段重点讲保护森林;再结合空后的“Andlhismuststop.”可知,空处应提到破坏森林的行为
5.F解析:上文中的it ishigh timethat...protecttheonly homewehave”是对全文做出的总结,呼吁人们携手保护我们唯一的家园F项对保护家园做了进一步的阐释,符合语境川.语法填空2023•洛阳高考模•拟Al Larsonis knownas TheBluebird Man”.He firstbegan hisconservationallaborofloveafterhereadanissueofNationalGeographicthatdetailedhowbuildingbirdhouses couldhelp tostop theirdeclining populations.!.see abluebird goingin andoutofadead treeon hisproperty,Larson becameinspired tostart settingup littleboxes thatcould serveasnests
2.bluebirds.
3.started asa hobbyto pursuein hisretirement turnedinto afull-time effortand afteralmostfourdecadesof
4.devote,he hasbandedanddocumentedover30,000bluebirds,thanks
5.primaryto the350birdhouses thathe hasbuilt acrosssouthwest Idaho.Since bluebirdslive ondead orncarly-dcad trees,their populationbegan todecline whentheinvention of the electricchainsaw inthe early1900s
6.make iteasier forhomeowners toremovethe deadtrees ontheir properties,having their habitats
7.destroy.But theefforts ofLarson haveshown usthat ifwe takea moment
8.understand theneeds ofaspecies,the solutionwill presentitself in
9.practical andobtainable way.Nowthatheisnearingtheageof97,Larsonshowsnosignsofslowingdown.Anduptonowhisinspiring story
1.film intothe Emmyaward-nominated documentaryBluebird Man.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了“蓝鸟之父”阿尔・拉森为了保护蓝鸟所付出的坚持不懈的努力,这表明如果一个人用心做一件事,那么他会取得很大的成就
1.Seeing解析考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词,且主语Larson与see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语
2.for解析考查介词此处表示“对于蓝鸟而言”,应用介词for
3.What解析考查名词性从句分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,且从句中缺少主语,指物,应用what,位于句首,首字母应大写
4.devotion解析考查名词介词of后应接名词,且devotion为不可数名词
5.primarily解析考查副词空处修饰短语Ihankslo,在句中作状语,应用副词primarilyo
6.made/had made解析考查动词的时态根据句中的时间状语intheearly1900s可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,可用一般过去时,表示过去的动作;也可用过去完成时,表示过去已经完成的动作
7.destroyed解析考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,空处与逻辑主语theirhabitats之间为动宾关系,为have sth.done结构,应用过去分词作宾语补足语
8.to understand解析考查非谓语动词根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语
9.a解析考查冠词此处泛指“一种切实可行的方式“,且practical的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a
10.has beenfilmed解析考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致根据时间状语up lonow可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语his inspiringslory与film之间是被动关系,且主语为单数形式,应用hasbeenfilmedB卷(语言运用综合提升)I.阅读理解(2023•郑州高三质量预测)”The Amazonrainforest ismoving towardsa tippingpoint pastwhichtrees willstart todie offin large numbers,“researchers havesaid.HiThe studywas conductedby scholarsfromthe University of Exeter,the PotsdamInstitute forClimateImpact Research(PIK)andthe Technical Universityof Munich.They usedthree decadesofsatellite datato examinetrends indeforestation(毁林).They calculatedthat about75%of the rainforest isnow atrisk ofbeing unable to recoverwhenexperiencingdroughts(旱灾),whicharealsoincreasinglymorecommon duetoglobalwarming.uDeforestation andclimate changeare likelytobethe maindrivers ofthis decline,nNiklasBoers ofPIK andtheTechnicalUniversityofMunich said.The studyhas predictedthatitis onlyamatter ofdecades untila fairlylarge amount of the Amazon istransfonned fromrainforest intosavannah(大草原).Thedestruction(破坏)oftheAmazonrainforest,insomewayscausedbyglobalwarming,willalso speed up this process.The Amazonstores lotsof carbonand allof thatwould entertheatmosphere,which wouldthen furthercontribute toincreasing temperaturesand havefuture effectsonglobal averagetemperatures,v Dr.Boulton of theUniversityofExetersaid.This worryingsnowball effectmeans thatthe destructionof the Amazon willmake themuchlarger battleagainst globalwarming moredifficult.The destructionoftheAmazon wouldalso havea hugeeffect ontheecology oftheearth.TheAmazonrainforestishometomorethan3(),00()speciesofplants,
2.5millionspeciesofinsects,2,50fish species,morethan1,500bird species,55reptiles,and500mammals,according totheWildlife ConservationSociety.A savannahenvironment thatlacks alarge varietyof plantlife,would beunabletohost thelarge andvaried ecosystemsthat currentlyexist intherainforest.It islikelythat alargenumberof specieswould becomeendangered oreven dieout,as theywould beunableto adjustto thisnewecosystem.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文全球变暖将导致亚马孙雨林的树木大量死去,最终变成大草原
1.What canbe knownabout thestudyA.The Amazonrainforest haslost itsability torecover.B.Much oftheAmazonrainforest hasbecome asavannah.C.One-fburth oftheAmazonrainforest hasalready diedout.D.The Amazonrainforest isincreasingly endangeredby droughts.D解析细节理解题根据第一段的内容和第三段的内容可知,亚马孙雨林正因为旱灾而面临危险
2.What doesthe underlinedpart“this process”in paragraph5probably refertoA.Lots ofcarbon enteringthe atmosphere.B.The destructionoftheAmazonrainforest.C.The Amazonrainforest transforminginto grassland.D.The gradualchange ofglobal averagetemperatures.C解析词义猜测题根据第五段中的“The destruction...speedupthisprocess.“可知,在某些方面由全球变暖造成的亚马孙雨林的破坏,也将加速这一进程结合第四段中的“The studyhaspredicted...into savannah.”可知,thisprocess指“有相当大一部分亚马孙雨林转变为大草原”
3.What willbe aresult ofthe destructionoftheAmazon rainforestA.The ecosystemoftheearth willbe damaged.B.Many wildlifespecies willmove toother places.C.Droughts willbecome increasinglymore common.D.A decreasedamountofcarbon willgo intothe air.A解析细节理解题根据最后一段中的The destructionoftheAmazon...ecologyof。