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定语从句,不得不精Day
10.【学问展区】进一步了解定语从句的相关内容,并且能读懂、会写含有定语从句的句子在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句定语从句本质上与形容词作用一样,都是修饰成分定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句重点关系代词引导的宁从句1I()引导的定语从句l who,whom,whoseSome peoplewho aresuccessful languagelearners oftenfail in和指人在定语从who whomwhoother fields.句中作主语或宾语;在定语whom有些胜利的语言学习者,在其他领域经常会失败从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从The studentwho/whom youtalked tojust nowis mysister.你刚刚句中可省略谈话的那个同学是我的姐姐My son,whose jobtakes himall overthe world,is inNewYork atthe moment.指人或物,在定语从句中作whose我儿子目前在纽约,他的工作使他走遍了全世界定语,指物时可用代替,of whichHelives ina house,whose windowis clean.指人时可用代替of whom他住在一所房子里,房子的窗户很洁净()引导的定语从句2that/which/as(
①只用引导定语从句的状况\that•先彳亍词是alL everything,anything,nothing,something,little,much,none,few,the one等不定代词时(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)•先行词被the only,the very(正是、恰是),the last修饰时(如先行词指人,可用who代替that)I•先行词被all,any,few,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰时(如先行词指人,可用who代替J•先行词被序数词、形容词]高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时\,先行词含有人和物两者时•先行词在主句中作表语,或关系词在从句中作表语时This is the veryfilm thatI wantto see.这正是我想看的一部影片The famouswriter andhis bookthat youreferred tojust noware well-known now.1你刚刚提到的那位闻名作家和他的书现在特别出名
②只用引导定语从句的状况which先行词为物,引导非限制性定语从句时•先行词本身是that时•先行词为物,关系代词充当介词的宾语,且介词位于关系代词之前时•引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或局部概念时•
③which当as引导非限制性定语从句的区分which as位置敏捷,可位于句首、句中也可置于句位置只能放在先行词的后面末谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动搭配无动词的限制词,如see,hear,know,expect,remember等意思这一点正如……,正像……的那样She failedagain,which wasunexpected.她又失败了,这是始料不及的She succeededfinally,as weexpected.正如我们预料的那样,她最终胜利了重点关系副词引导的定语从句2与“介词+关系代词〃的先行词关系副词在从句中的作用关系表示时间的名词作时间状语time,when=at/in/on/during which等day,year表示场所的名词park,作地点状语where=in/at/to/on which等place,country,house表示理由的名词the作缘由状语why=for whichreasono【留意】领先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如等时,假如引导词在从句中作状语,常用1point,situation,case,stage关系副词引导定语从句where先行词意为“时机〃时,用关系副词;意为“场合〃时,用关系副词2occasion whenwhere领先行词意为“方法、方式”,且在从句中作状语,可用或省略关系词这三哼式3way that,in whichHelived ina time whenthe poorcouldnt getmuch education.在他生活的那个时代,穷人是接受不了什么教育的I walkedup tothe topof thehill with my friend,where weenjoyed asplendid viewof thelake.我和伴侣一起登上了山顶,在山顶上我们观赏到了湖光美景I havee tothe pointwhere/at whichI cantbear.我已经到了无法承受的地步重点介词+关系代词〃引导的定语从句3“类别句法功能例如介词+关系代词,ch/He isthe personon whomyou canrely.状语他是你可以信任的人whomHe wasthe manfrom whoseroom thethief hadstolen a介词+名词状语whose+.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走金表的那个gold watch人Last monthI boughtsome booksfrom the bookstore,three名词/代词/数词+介词+关主语of which were sciencefiction.上星期日我从书店买了系代词which/whom一些书,其中三本是科幻小说【留意】“介词+关系代词〃结构中介词确实定⑴依据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定In thedark street,there wasnta singleperson towhom shecould turnfor help.turn tosb forhelp在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人Physics isthe subjectin whichevery studentin ourschool is interested.be interestedin物理是我们学校每个同学都很感爱好的课程⑵依据与先行词搭配的详细含义而定ril neverforget theperiodduring whichI spentmy childhoodin thecountry.during thatperiod我永久不会遗忘我在乡下度过童年的那段时间⑶依据所表达的意思来确定The colorlessgas withoutwhichwecant liveis calledoxygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气,离了它我们无法生存【重难点突破】
1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区分分类用法限制性定语从句1对先行词起修饰限制作用定语.先行词起补充说明作用在非限制性定语从句中,先行词从句非限制性定语从句与定语从句往往用逗号隔开非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等He hastwo sons,who workin the same pany.He hasonly two sons.他有两个儿子,他们在同一家公司上班He hastwosonswho workin the same pany.Perhaps hehas morethan twosons.他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班He failedin theexam,which was a great pity.非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的句子=He failedin theexam,and it wasagreatpity.他考试失败了,这真令人圆满
2.定语从句和其他句式的区分类别区分例句I havethree phones,none of__________is in并列句有and,but,so等并列连good condition.定语从句词或两个句子用分号连接并列I havethree phones,but noneof__________isin与并列句句中肯定不行再用引导定语从good condition.句的关系词上句中后面是非限制性定语从句,空格phones中填关系代词;下句中有并列连词题which but,干是并列句,空格中填代词themDo youknow thetimewhenthe conference定语从句修饰、限制先行词,常(引导定语从句)was overwhen放在先行词的后面,而状语从句When theconference wasover,itwasalready6说明动作发生的状况,可以放在,(引导时间状语从句)o clock.when主句的前面This isthe schoolwhere(=in which)I once和在弓导定when,where why1(引导定语从句)studied,where语从句时可以用“介词+which”定语从句与状Put backthebookwhere itwas.(where弓|导状的结构来替换,在引导状语从句语从语从句)时那么不行句定语从句中的关系代词在从句(It issuch aninteresting bookas weall like.as中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉引导定语从句,作动词的宾语)like之后从句成分不完整;而状语从It issuch aninteresting bookthat weall like句中的连接词在从句中不作任何引导结果状语从句,不充当从句的成成分,去掉后从句的成分仍旧完分)整定语从句在复合句中相当于形The suggestion that heput forwardis practical.定语从句容词,对先行词起修饰或限制作(引导的是定语从句,代替先行词在从that that用,与其是附属关系同位语从句中充当宾语,可省略)与同位语从句相当于名词,对前面名词赐He gaveme asuggestionthatwe shouldread aloud句予补充说明或进一步释,与前面(引导的是同位语从句,every morning.that that名词之间是同位关系在从句中不作任何成分,但不行省)【牛刀小试】l.The highspeedrailway willbuild twobranch lines-one isto YanqingStation andthe otherto TaizichengofChongli,the Olympicvillage lies.isthehead ofa threestarrestaurant,Le Suquet,is locatedin thecenter ofParis.
3.Chinas industrializedgrape wineproduction didntstart until1892,a successfulChinese businessmancalled ChangBishifounded theChangyu Wineproduction panyin Yantai,Shandong.are theincredible,mysterious tombguardians,discovery in1974made globalheadlines.documentary inviteda wellknownBritish actor,played Gandalfin TheLordoftheRingsmovies,to read15of Duspoems.答案【规律方法】
1.where
2.which
3.when
4.whose
5.who
1.依据从句所缺成分来确定关系词如先行词指人,定语从句中缺少主语,限制性定语从句中用who/that;非限制性定语从句中用who2假如先行词指人,定语从句中缺少宾语,限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom;非限制性定语从句中用whom3假如先行词指物,定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,限制性定语从句中用which/that;非限制性定语从句中用whicho4假如先行词指时间或地点,定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语,定语从句中用when/where;假如从句中缺少的是主语或宾语,那么用that/whicho不管先行词指人还是物,只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用5khose|o假如先行词指人,“介词+关系代词〃引导的定语从句中的关系词用;假如先行词指物,“介词+关系代6whom词〃引导的定语从句中的关系词用which【典例】The oldman passeshis businessdown tohis youngerson,made hiselder sondiscouraged.解析设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整句话的内容,并在从句中作主语答案which【典例】Iwillnever forgetsuch abeautiful villageI spentmy childhoodwithmygrandparents.解析设空处引导限制性定语从句,且在从句中不缺主语宾语,那从关系副词中选择,先行词是表示地点,villag,所以答案为作地点状语where,
2.巧用定结构选用关系词答案where-------------------------------------------~~~~~7-\当题干中消失such,thesame等或行为动词的被动语态时,就可考虑关系词as的固定结构,如such.・・as…,thesame...as...,as isknown,as isexpected但还要留意看定语从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语,假如不缺这三种句子成分,那么不用as【典例】Those housesare soldat sucha lowprice peopleexpected.解析本空应用关系词引导定语从句并在从句中作的宾语;空处所填词与前面的构成固定结构expected such…,表示像……那样的……〃,因此这里用引导定语从句such…as as答案as先主行句词关系代词who,whom,which,that,whose关系词关系副词when,where,why。