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第课时2第一节真题再现(全国甲卷篇)2022B语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然自然生态生物与人的智力词数建议用时8,比照247+129=376文章出处选自(数字杂志商店)名为的Magister BBCEart CockatoosAre SkilfulShape Sorters文章atoosAreSkilfulShapeSorterGoffins cockatoos,a kindof smallparrot nativeto Australasia,have beenshown tohave similarshaperecognitionabilities to a human twoyearold.Though notknown to use tools in the wild,the birdshave provedskilful attool use whilekept in the cage.In arecent experiment,cockatoos werepresented with a boxwith anut insideit.The clearfront of the boxhad a“keyhole“in ageometric shape,and the birds were given five differently shapedkeys tochoose from.Inserting thecorrectkey would let out the nut.In humans,babies canput a round shapein around holefrom aroundone yearof age,but it will be another yearbefore(对称的)they areable todo thesame withless symmetricalshapes.This abilityto recognizethat a shape willneed to beturned in a specific direction before itwill fit is called anallocentric frameof reference”.In theexperiment,Goffinscockatoos were able toselect theright toolfor thejob,in mostcases,by visualrecognition alone.Where trialanderrorwasused,the cockatoosdid betterthan monkeysin similartests.This indicatesthat Goffinscockatoos doindeed possessanallocentric frameof referencewhen movingobjects inspace,similar totwoyearold babies.The nextstep according to the researchers,is to try andwork outwhether the cockatoos relyentirely onvisual clues(线索),or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24.How didthecockatoosget thenut from the boxin theexperimentA.By followinginstructions.B.By usinga tool.C.By turningthe boxaround.D.By removingthe lid.
25.Which taskcan humanoneyearolds mostlikely pleteaccording to the textA.Using akey tounlock adoor.B.Telling parrotsfrom otherbirds.C.Putting aball into around hole.D.Grouping toysof differentshapes.
26.What doesthe followuptest aimto find out about the cockatoosA.How farthey areable to see.B.How theytrack movingobjects.C.Whether they are smarterthan monkeys.D.Whether theyuse asense oftouch in the test.
27.Which canbeasuitable titlefor the textA.Cockatoos:Quick ErrorCheckers B.Cockatoos:Independent LearnersC.Cockatoos:Clever SignalReadersD.Cockatoos:Skilful ShapeSorters体裁说明文主题人与自然——自然生态——生物与人的智力比照【字数】237+130【语篇导读】通过试验发觉,澳大拉西亚地区戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉的外形识别力量相当于两岁的人类幼儿.【答案】24B.【解析】细节理解题依据文章第一段uThough notknown touse toolsin thewild,the birdshave provedskilful attool(虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具,但事实证明,它们在关在笼子里时就能娴usewhile kept in the cage.熟地使用工具)〃以及“the birdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys tochoose from.Inserting,the correct6tkeys,/wouldlet outthenut.(争论人员给了这些鸟5把外形各异的“钿匙”供它们选择插入,正确的“钥匙〃会让坚果出来)〃可知,在试验中,凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的应选.【等案】B25C【解析】细节理解题依据文章其次段In humans,babies canput around shapein around holefrom aroundone year(在人类身上,婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)〃结合选项,可知,一of age岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里〃的任务应选C.【答案】一26D【解析】推理推断题通过文章最终一段The nextstep,according to the researchers,is totry andwork outwhether the(依据争论人员的cockatoos relyentirely onvisual clues,or alsouse asense oftouch inmaking theirshape selections.说法,下一步是尝试弄清晰凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索,还是也使用触觉来选择它们的外形)〃可推知,后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉应选D.【答案】27D【解析】主旨大意题通读全文,再结合文章第一段“Coffirfs cockatoos,a kindof smallparrot nativeto供应不受干扰的自由)”可知,开放式办公室不受人们欢送的缘由是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中,受到许多干扰应选项工D)推理推断题依据第一段[4D.During aninterview forone ofmy books,my interviewersaid somethingI stillthink(在一次采访我的一本书时,我的采访者说了一些我至今还常常想起的话)”可知,作者提到有about often.人采访自己的书,所以可以推断,作者是一位作家应选项D典例力量挑战★★★★3(浙江月卷*阅读理解篇)Passage120211C〔黑猩猩)Researchers saythey havetranslated themeaning ofgestures thatwild chimpanzeesuse tomunicate.They saywild chimpsmunicate19specific messagesto oneanother witha vocabulary”of66gestures.Thescientists discoveredthis byfollowing andfilming groupsof chimpsin Uganda,and examiningmore than5,000incidents of these meaningfulexchanges.Dr CatherineHobaiter,who ledtheresearch,said thatthis wasthe onlyform ofintentional munication to berecordedin the animal kingdom.Only humansand chimps,she said,had asystem ofmunication where they deliberatelysent amessage to another group member.Thats whafsso amazingabout chimpgestures,she said.Theyre theonly thingthat lookslike human language inthat respect.nAlthough previousresearch hasshown that apes andmonkeys canunderstand plexinformation fromanotheranimaFs call,the animalsdo notappear touse theirvoices intentionallyto municatemessages.This was a significantdifferencebetween callsand gestures,Dr Hobaitersaid.Chimps willcheck tosee if they havethe attentionof theanimal withwhich theywish to municate.In onecase,amother presentsher footto hercrying baby,signaling Climbon me.”The youngsterimmediately jumpsontoits mothersbackand theytravel offtogether.nThe bigmessage fromthis studyis that there isanother species〔物种)out there.Thatis meaningfulin itsmunication,so thatsnot uniqueto humans,“said Dr Hobaiter.Dr SusanneShultz,an evolutionarybiologist from the University of Manchester,said the study waspraiseworthy inseeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of humanlanguage.But,she added,the resultswere nalittledisappointing.The vaguenessof thegesture meaningssuggests eitherthat thechimps havelittle to municate,or weare stillmissinga lotof theinformation containedin theirgestures andactions,n she said.Moreover,the meaningsseem tonot gobeyondwhat otheranimal convey with non-verbal munication.So,it seemsthe gulfremains.M)[1What dochimps andhumans havein mon according toDrHobaiterD A.Memorizing specificwords.B.Understanding plexinformation.C.Using voicestomunicate.D municatingmessages onpurpose.)[2What didDr Shultzthink of the studyBA.It waswell designedbut poorlyconducted.B.It wasa goodtry but the findingswere limited.C.It wasinspiring but the evidencewas unreliable.D.lt wasa failurebut themethods deservedpraise.[3)What doesthe underlinedword ngulfin thelast paragraphmean A A.Difference.B.Conflict.C.Balance.D.Connection.)[4Which of the followingis thebest titlefor the text DA.Chimpanzee behaviourstudy achieveda breakthroughB.Chimpanzees developedspecific municationskillsC.Chimpanzeesthe smartestspecies in theanimalkingdomD.Chimpanzee languagemunication gesturestranslated【分析】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群,翻译出了黑猩猩用来沟通的手势含义【解答】()细节理解题依据其次段中的1D.Only humansand chimps,she said,hadasystem ofmunication where(她说,只有人类和黑猩猩有一个沟通系统,他们有意they deliberatelysent amessageto anothergroupmember.向其他成员发送信息)可知,黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于有意传递信息,应选D)推理推断题依据第六段的[5B.Dr SusanneShulz,an evolutionarybiologist fromthe Universityof Manchester,said the study waspraiseworthy inseekingtoenrichourknowledgeof theevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,she added,theresults werealittledisappointing.(曼彻斯特高校的进化生物学家苏珊娜・舒尔茨博士说,这项争论是值得赞扬的,它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的学问但是,她补充说”结果有点个人绝望可知,一这争论是一个好的尝试,但是发觉的结果是有限的应选B)词义猜想题依据第三段的(在这方吧,[6A.They*retheonly thingthat lookslike humanlanguage inthatrespect它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西)可知,黑猩猩的手势沟通很像我们人类语言的沟通方式结合最终一段.此外,这些含义Moreover,the meaningsseem tonot gobeyond whatother animalsconveywithnon-verbal munications好像并不超越其他动物通过非语言沟通所传达的信息可知,黑猩猩手势的沟通方式还是和我们语言的沟通方式存在不同的,也就是所以,看来差异依旧存在”故意为”差异/区分”结合So,it seemsthe gulfremains.gulf选项区分;冲突;平衡;连接应选A.Difference B.Conflict C.Balance D.Connection A⑷D.标题归纳题依据第一段的Researchers saythey havetranslated themeaning ofgestures thatwild chimpanzeesuse(争论人员表示,他彳门已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来沟通的手势的含义)以及文章对这方面的争tomunicate.论可知,文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的争论及一些成果,所以项黑猩猩语言翻译出来的沟通手势,D这一题目涵盖文章的内容应选D(北京卷*阅读理解篇)Passage22019DBy theend of the century,if notsooner,the worldsoceans will be bluerand greener thanks to a warming climate,according to a new study.[海洋微生物At theheart of the phenomenonlie tiny marine microorganisms called phytoplankton.Because of theway light reflects off the organisms,these phytoplanktoncreate colourfulpatterns at the ocean surface.Ocean colourvariesfrom green to blue,depending on the type and concentration of phytopIankton.Climate changewill fuelthe growthofphytoplankton insome areas,while reducingit inother spots,leading tochanges in the oceansappearance.[二氧化碳Phytoplankton liveat the oceansurface,where theypull carbondioxide intothe oceanwhile givingoffoxygen.When theseorganisms die,they burycarbon in the deepocean,an importantprocess thathelps toregulate theglobalclimate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable tothe oceans warmingtrend.Warming changeskey characteristicsofthe ocean andcan affect phytoplanktongrowth,since theyneed notonly sunlightand carbondioxide togrow,but alsonutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz,a scientistin MITsCenter forGlobal ChangeScience,built aclimate modelthat projectschangesto theoceans throughoutthe century.In aworld thatwarms upby3℃,it found that multiplechanges tothe colourof theoceanswould occur.The modelprojects thatcurrently blueareas withlittle phytoplanktoncould beeeven bluer.But insomewaters,such asthose ofthe Arctic,a warmingwill makeconditions riperfor phytoplankton,and theseareas willturn greener.Not onlyare thequantities of phytoplankton in theoceanchanging,she said,butthetype ofphytoplankton ischanging.n[1What arethe firsttwo paragraphsmainly aboutBA.The variouspatterns at theoceansurface.B.The causeofthechanges inocean colour.C.The waylight reflectsoff marineorganisms.D.The effortsto fuelthe growthofphytoplankton.⑵What doesthe underlinedword vulnerablein Paragraph3probably meanA A.Sensitive.B.Beneficial.C.Significant.D.Unnoticeable.[3What canwe learnfromthe passage DA.Phytoplankton playa decliningrole in the marineecosystem.B.Dutkiewiczs modelaims toproject phytoplanktonchangesC.Phytoplankton have been usedto controlglobal climateD.Oceans with more phytoplanktonmay appeargreener.⑷What is the mainpurpose ofthepassageCA.To assessthe consequencesof oceancolour changesB.To analysethe positionoftheocean foodchainC.To explain the effectsof climatechange onoceansD.To introducea newmethod tostudy phytoplankton【分析】本文为一篇说明文一项最新争论说明,由于气候变暖,世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿这一现象的缘由是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,由于光线反射的作用,它们在海洋外表形成了五颜六色的图案,现在浮游植物受到海洋变暖趋势的影响,让浮游植物的生长更加旺盛,所以海洋相应会变得更蓝、更绿【解答】段落大意题依据第一段1B.By theend ofthe century,if notsooner,the worldsoceans willbe bluerand知,一项新的争论说明,到本世纪末,由于气greener thankstoa warming climate,according toa new study.nJ候变暖,假如不尽快的话,世界上的港洋将会变得更蓝、更绿;结合其次段At theheart ofthe phenomenonlie海洋微生物tinymarinemicroorganismscalledphytoplankton.Because ofthe waylightreflectsofftheorganisms,these phytoplanktoncreate colourfulpatterns attheoceansurface.Ocean colourvaries fromgreentoblue,depending可知,这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,on thetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.在光线的作用下在海洋外表形成了五颜六色的图案海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等,这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度可知,这两段主要表达了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的、缘由,应选…一B⑵A.词义猜想题依据文章第三段Warming changeskey characteristicsoftheocean andcanaffectphytoplankton气候变暖会转变海洋的主growth,since theyneed notonly sunlightand carbondioxide togrow,but alsonutrients.耍特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长可知,浮游植物很简洁受到海洋变暖趋势的影响,也就是很敏感A.敏感的;有益的;重要的;没有留意到的应旌Sensitive B.Beneficial C.Significant D.Unnoticeable A推理推断题依据文章第四段3D.The modelprojects thatcurrently blueareas withlittle phytoplanktoncouldbee evenbluer.But insome waters,such asthose ofthe Arctic,awarmingwill makeconditions riperfor phytoplankton,的模型猜测,目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝and theseareas willturn greener.Dutkiewicz但是在一些水域,比方北极,气候变暖会使浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,而这些水域会变得更绿了由此可推断,浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟,浮游动植物就更多了,这些水域会变得更绿了应选D目的意图题依据文章第一段4C.By theend ofthe century,if notsooner,the worldsoceans willbe bluerand.一项新的争论说明,到本世纪末,由于气候变暖,greenerthankstoawarmingclimate,according toa newstudy假如不尽快的话,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿接下来就具体叙述了其缘由因此,本文作者主要解释气候变化对海洋的影响,应选C(科芬的凤头婴号鹉是Australasia,havebeenshown tohave similarshaperecognition abilitiestoahumantwoyearold.一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉,它的外形识别力量与两岁的人类相像)〃可推知,本文主要介绍了会识别外形的凤头鹦鹉项(凤头鹦鹉识别外形的娴熟工)〃符合文意,最适合作为本D“Cockatoos:Skilful ShapeSorters文标题应选D【全篇译文】戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉,一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小型鹦鹉,已被证明具有与人类两岁儿童相像的外形识别力量虽然不知道在野外会不会使用工具,但事实证明,在笼子里饲养时,这些鸟儿能娴熟地使用工具在最近的一个试验中,给凤头鹦鹉一个里面有坚果的盒子盒子的正面有一个几何外形的“钥匙孔”,有五把不同外形的“钥匙”供鸟儿们选择插入正确的“钥匙”就能放出坚果在人类中,婴儿在一岁左右就能将圆形放入圆孔中,但要再过一年之后才能对不太对称的外形做同样的事情这种熟悉到一个外形需要转到一个特定的方向才能放进去的力量被称为”多种心型的参考框架”在试验中,戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉在大多数状况下,仅凭视觉识别就能为此项工作选择正确的工具在使用试错法的状况下,风头鹦鹉在类似的测试中比猴子做得更好这说明戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉在空间移动物体时的确拥有一个多中心型的参考框架,与两岁的婴儿类似据争论人员称,下一步是尝试找出凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索,还是也使用触觉来进行外形选择试验中,凤头鹦鹉是如何从盒子里拿到坚果的?
24.通过遵循指示通过使用一个工具A.B.通过把盒子转过来通过取下盒盖C.D.依据文章内容,人类一岁的孩子最有可能完成哪项任务?
25.用钥匙来开锁将鹦鹉与其他鸟类区分开来A.B.把球放进一个圆洞里将不同外形的玩具分组C.D.后续测试的目的是为了了解凤头鹦鹉的什么状况?
26.它们能看多远它们如何追踪移动的物体A.B.它们是否比猴子更聪慧它们在测试中是否使用触觉C.D.哪个可以作为该文的适宜标题?
27.凤头鹦鹉快速查错的人凤头鹦鹉的学习者A.B.凤头鹦鹉聪慧的信号阅读者凤头鹦鹉娴熟的外形分类者娴熟的外形分类者C.D.其次节精深语篇
一、高频核心词汇插入,嵌入;nsert v退职;〔使)退休etire v.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等〕oard v.认出,识另出;
4.recognize/recognise v.ll特有的,特定的(近)
5.specific adj.particular;说明,显示;ndicate v.具有(特质);ossess v.线索lue n.外形
9.shape(图画、门、玻璃等的)框架rame n.提到;谈及;涉及
11.reference n.几何(学)的;
12.geometric adj.不同地
13.differently adv.娴熟的
14.skilful adj.夕卜形识另
15.shaperecognition n.ll;锁眼,钥匙孔()
16.keyhole n.kev+hole;具有(或呈)外形的;
17.shaped adj.反复试验的,不断摸索的;
18.trialanderror n.全部地,完全地(近)
19.entirely advpletely;(用钥匙)开的锁()
20.unlock v.un+lock;名词动化把分类/分组;
21.group v.进一步的
22.followup adj.外形归类员
23.shapesorter n.日出
24.sunrise n.乜完全地,完整地
25.entirely ad.史前的,有文字记载以前的
26.prehistoric歌剧的;歌剧风格的
27.operatic adj.几熟悉,领悟
28.realization皿/.视觉的isual识别,成认,接受ecognition n.
二、词性转换
1.recognize v.recognitionn・认出,认可unrecognizable私有物品”.拥有,占有
2.possessionn.f possess指示,说明指示
3.indicatevt,f indicationn.
三、熟词生义
1.keep熟义保持;H生义供给;饲养原句翻译Though notknown touse toolsin thewild,the birdshave provedskilful attool usewhile keptinthecage.虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具,但事实证明,它们在关在笼子里时就能娴熟地使用工具)
三、词汇应用()recognize BrEalso rec*og*nise/rekagnai z//rekagnai z/v.
①(not usedintheprogressive tenses不用于进行时)熟悉;to knowwho sbis orwhat sthis whenyou seeor hearthem orit,because you have seenor heardthem orit before认出;区分出〜sb/sth I recognized himas soon as hecame inthe room.他一进屋我就认出了他〜sb/sth by/from sthIrecognizedher byher redhair.我从她的红头发认出了她
②to admitor to be awarethat sthexists oris true成认;意识到〜sth Theyrecognized theneed totake theproblem seriously.他们成认需要严厉对待这个问题〜sth as sth Drugs were not recognized asa problemthen.那时候还没有把看成是一个问题加以重视〜how,what,etc....Nobody recognizedhow urgentthe situationwas.当时没有人意识到形势有多么紧急〜that...We recognized that thetask wasnot straightforward.我们意识到这个任务并非轻而易举it is recognized that...It wasrecognizedthatthis solutioncould onlybe temporary.人们意识到这只是个临时的解决方案〜sb/sth to be/have sthDrugswerenotrecognized to bea problemthen.那时候还没有把看成是一个问题加以重视
③to acceptand approveof sb/sth officially正式认可,接受,赞成〜sb/sth assth be recognizedto be/have sthHeisrecognizedtobe their naturalleader.人们都成认他是他们的当然领袖
④berecognized assthtobethought of as verygood orimportant bypeople ingeneral欣赏;赏识;看重;公认这本书现在是一部公认的经典著作The bookis nowrecognizedasa classic.
⑤〜sb/sthto givesb officialthanks forsth that they havedone or achieved正式向…致谢;正式感谢His servicestothestate wererecognized withthe awardofaknighthood.他被封为爵士,以表彰他对国家的奉献
五、核心词块放出l.let out把弄清晰
2.work out渴望做某事
3.long todo sth依靠,依靠elyon
5.tell sthfrom sth区分和......;查明,弄清状况
6.find outabout sth放掉
1.letout给留下印象eave animpression on从中选择
9.choose from与相像
10.be similar to大局部状况下
11.in mostcases找的答案
12.work out源于的,原产于;
13.benative to向某人供应某物;
14.present sbwith sth查明,弄清状况
15.findoutabout sth.
六、长难句分析【长难句分析】原文让步状语从句的省略
1.Thouxh notknownto usetoolsinthewild,the birdshave provedskilful atthough(第一段其次句)tool usewhile keptinthecage.引导时间状语从句while引导省略的让步状语从句省略了though thebirds are引导奢略的舟间状语从句省略了while thebirds are句子主干(主系表结构)thebirdshave provedskilful attool usewhilekeptinthecage.译文虽然不知道在野外会不会使用工具,但事实证明,在笼子里饲养时,这些鸟儿能娴熟地使用工具原文:
2.In humans,babies canput around shapein aroundholefrom aroundone yearof age,but itwillbeanother yearbeforetheyareabletodo thesame withless symmetricalshapes.para.2本句为并列复合句前的分句是简洁句,后的分句是主从复合句,其中引导时间状:在人类分析but butbefore语从译文样的中,婴儿在一岁左右就能将圆形放入圆孔中,但要再过一年之后才能对不太对称的外形做同原文
3.This abilityto recognizethata shape willneed tobe turnedin aspecificdirectionbefore itwill fitis calledanallocentric frameof reference.para2分析本句为主从复合句句子的主干结构是:This abilityiscalledanccallocentric frameof reference”to recognizethat作后置定语修饰其中是由弓|导的宾语从句ashape...before itwill fitability,ashape....beforeitwillfitthat译文这种能够熟悉到需要将某个外形朝特定方向转动才能装进的力量被称为“异中心参照系〃原文
4.This indicates引导宾语从句thatreference whenmQYingobjects inspace,similar tQtwQvcarQld babies.(其次段最终一句)引导省略的时间状语从句省略了when Goffin^cockatoos are作状语,相当于非限制性定语从句.similar totwoyearold babieswhich issimilartotwoyearold babies对戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉在空间移动物体时的确拥有一个多中心的参考框架,进行补充说明句子主干(主谓宾结构)This indicatesthat…译文这说明戈芬凤头鹦鹉在空间移动物体时的确拥有一个多中心的参考框架,与两岁的婴儿类似
5.The nextstep,accordingtothe researchers,is totry andwork outwhether the引导宾语从句whether线索(第三段)cockatoos relyentirelvpn visualclujggjC oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.句子主干The nextstep istotryand workout・・・(主系表结构)译文据争论人员称,下一步是尝试找出凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索,还是也使用触觉来进行外形选择第三节实战演练典例根底练★★1:典例力量提升练★★★2典例力量挑战****3(全国卷*阅读理解篇)Passage12020II BSomeparents willbuy anyhigh-tech toyiftheythink itwill helptheir child,but researcherssaid puzzleshelpchildren withmath-related skills.Psychologist SusanLevine,an experton mathematicsdevelopment inyoung childrenthe Universityof Chicago,found childrenwho play with puzzles between ages2and4later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle playwas foundtobea(认矢口)significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differencesin parentsine,education and the amountofparent talk,Levine said.The researchersanalyzed videorecordings of53child-parent pairsduring everydayactivities athome andfoundchildren who play with puzzlesbetween26and46months ofage havebetter spatial skills whenassessed at54months ofage.The childrenwho played with puzzlesperformed betterthan thosewho didnot,on tasksthat assessedtheir abilitytorotate1旋转)andtranslate shapes,“Levine saidin astatement.-ine parentstended tohave childrenplay with puzzles morefrequently,and bothboys andgirls who played with puzzleshad betterspatialskills.However,boys tendedto playwith moreplex puzzlesthan girls,andtheparents ofboys providedmore spatial languageand weremore activeduring puzzleplay thanparents ofgirls.The findingswere publishedinthejournal DevelopmentalScience.⑴In whichaspect dochildren benefitfrom puzzleplay B A.Building confidence.B.Developing spatialskills.C.Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.()2What didLevine takeinto considerationwhen designingher experimentCA.Parents1age.B.Children^imagination.C.Parents education.-parent relationship.()3How doboy differfrom girlsin puzzleplay DA.They playwithpuzzlesmore often.B.They tendto talkless duringthe game.C.They prefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.They arelikely to playwithtougher puzzles.⑷What canbe inferredfromthepassage AA.The morepuzzles childrenplayedwith,the betterthey performedon tasks.B.Children whointeracted morewith theirparents werebetter atpuzzles.C.The higherthe familyine,the betterthe childrenwere atpuzzles.D.Families withhigher inespay moreattention topuzzles.()5What isthe textmainly aboutBA.A mathematicalmethod.B.A scientificstudy.C.A womanpsychologist D.A teachingprogram.【分析】本文是说明文是关于孩子们玩智力嬉戏的争论,介绍了争论考虑的因素,争论过程和结果【解答】()细节理解题依据其次段中…1found childrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween ages2and4developbetterspatialskill在岁到岁之间玩智力嬉戏的儿童在空间力量方面更好)可知,孩子们可以从智力嬉戏中建更好的空间技缺应124选B()细节理解题依据其次段中2Puzzle playwas foundtobea significantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfor(说,在父母的收入、教育和父母difference inparentsine,education andthe amountof parenttalk,Levine said.Levine谈话次数方面掌握差异性之后,拼图嬉戏被发觉是一个重要的认知猜测)可知在设计这个试验时考虑了父Levine母的教育程度应选C⑶细节理解题依据倒数其次段中〔男孩比女孩更However,boys tendedtoplaywithmoreplex puzzlesthan girls,喜爱玩简单的谜题)可知他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题应选D()推理推断题依据第四段的4The childrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformed betterthan thosewho didnot,on tasks〔旋转)(玩拼图嬉戏的孩子在评估他们旋转和平移外形力量的that assessedtheir abilityto rotateand translatestapes任务中表现得比不玩拼图的孩子好)可知,孩子们玩的拼图越多,他们在任务上的表现就越好应选A()主旨大意题本文是关于孩子们玩智力嬉戏的争论,介绍了争论考虑的因素,争论过程和结果所以是关5于科学争论的应选B(全国卷*阅读理解篇)Passage22018I DWe may think werea culture that gets rid of our worn technology atthe first sight of something shiny and new,but a〔装置)newstudyshows thatwe keepusing our old devices well afterthey goout of style.Thafs badnews for the environment一一and ourwallets as these outdated devices consume much moreenergy than the newerones thatdo thesame things.To figureout howmuch powerthese devicesare using,Callie Babbittand hercolleagues atthe Rochester Institute of一Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom whenits mineralsaremined to when we stop using the device.This methodprovided areadout forhow homeenergy usehas evolvedsince theearly一1990s.Devices weregrouped bygeneration Desktopputers,basic mobilephones,and box-set TVsdefined
1992.Digitalcameras arrivedon thescene in
1997.And MP3players,smart phones,and LCDTVs enteredhomes in2002,before tabletsande-readers showedup in
2007.As weaccumulated moredevices,however,we didntthrow outouroldones.nThe living-room televisionis replacedandgets plantedinthekids1room,and suddenlyone day,youhave a TVin everyroom ofthe house,said oneresearcher.Theaverage number of electronicdevices rosefrom fourper householdin1992to13in
2007.Were notjust keepingthese old一deviceswecontinue touse them.According tothe analysisof Babbitts team,old desktopmonitors andbox TVswith(升cathode raytubes arethe worstdevices withtheir energy consumption andcontribution togreenhouse gasemissions F放)more thandoubling duringthe1992to2007window.(解决方案)So whatsthe solutionThe teamsdata onlywent upto2007,butthe researchers alsoexplored whatwouldhappen ifconsumers replacedold productswith newelectronics thatserve morethan onefunction,such asa tabletfor wordprocessingand TVviewing.They found that moreon-demand entertainmentviewing ontablets insteadof TVsand desktopputers could cut energyconsumption by44%.⑴What doesthe authorthink ofnew devicesAA.They areenvironment-friendly.B.They areno betterthantheold.C.They costmore touse athome.D.They goout ofstyle quickly.()6Why didBabbittsteamconduct theresearchDA.To reducethe costof minerals.B.To testthe lifecycle ofa product.C.To updateconsumers onnew technology.D.To findout electricityconsumption ofthe devices.()7Which ofthe followinguses theleast energyBA.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCDTV.D.The desktopputer.()8What doesthetextsuggest peopledo aboutold electronicdevicesAA.Stop usingthem.B.Take themapart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them.【分析】本文是一篇说明文叙述的是持续使用旧的电子产品既不环保也不经济,争论人员测试出假如弃置旧电器,换用新的多功能电子产品,将有近一半的节能节约,所以使用新的电子产品有利于环境【解答】[)细节理解题依据第一段1A.Thats badnews for theenvironment-and ourwallets-as theseoutdated(这对环境和我们的钱包来说都是坏devices consumemuch moreenergy thanthe newerones thatdo thesame things.消息,由于这些过时的设备比做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能量)可知,作者认为新的电子产品是环保的应选A)推理推断题依据其次段[2D.To figureout howmuch powerthese devicesare using,Callie Babbittand hercolleaguesat theRochesterInstituteof TechnologyinNewYorktrackedthe environmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife(为了弄清晰这些设备使用了多少电能,纽约-from whenits mineralsare minedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.罗切斯特理工学院的卡莉•巴比特和她的同事追踪了每种产品在其整个生命周期内的环境本钱---从矿物开采到我们停止使用该设备)可知,巴比特的团队进行这项争论了解设备的耗电量应选〔〕细节理解题D3B.依据第四段They found that moreon-demand entertainmentviewing ontablets insteadof TVsand desktopputerscould(他们发觉,在平板电脑上观看更多的点播消遣节目,而不是在电视和台式电脑cutenergyconsumptionby44%.上观看,可以削减的能耗)可知,平板电脑最省电应选44%B推理推断题依据第一段[4[A.Wemaythinkwereaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthe firstsightof〔装置)somethingshinyandnew,but a newstudyshows thatwe keepusing ourold deviceswell aftertheygo outofstyle.Thats badnewsfor theenvironment-and ourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmore.(我们可能认为,我们是一种文化,一看到有光泽的新东西就energy thanthe newerones thatdo thesame things抛弃了我们的旧技术,但一项新的争论说明,我们在旧设备过时后仍会连续使用它们这对环境和我们的钱包来说都是坏消息,由于这些过时的设备比做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能量)可知,作者认为持续使用旧的电子产品既不环保也不经济,中间段落在测试各代电子产品进一步证明首段的观点最终一段谈到解决方案,争论人员测试出假如弃置旧电器,换用新的多功能电子产品,将有近一半的节能节约由此可知,作者支持使用新产品替代旧产品应选A典例力量提升练★★★2(浙江月卷*阅读理解篇)Passage120221CThe benefitsof regularexercise arewell documentedbut theresanewbonus toadd tothe ever-growing list.Newresearch foundthat middle-aged womenwho werephysically fitcould benearly90percent lesslikely todevelop(失智症)dementia in later life-and ifthey did,it cameonadecade laterthan lesssporty women.Lead researcherDr HelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburg inSweden,saidThese findingsare exciting〔心血管的)because itspossible thatimproving peoplescardiovascular fitnessin middleage coulddelay oreven preventthem from developing dementia.1For thestudy,191women withan averageage of50took abicycle exercisetest untilthey weretired outto measure〔最大值的〕their peakcardiovascular capacity.The averagepeak workloadwas measuredat103watts.A totalof40women metthe criteriafor ahigh fitnesslevel witha capacityof120watts orhigher,while92womenwere inthe medium fitness category.A totalof59were oflow fitnesslevel,withapeak workloadof80watts orless,orhaving theirtests stoppedbecause ofhealth problems.These women were thentested for dementia sixtimes overthe followingfour decades.During thattime,44of thewomen developed dementia.Five percent ofthehighly fitwomendevelopeddementia,pared to25percent ofthe womenwithmediumfitness and32percentofthe women with lowfitness.However,this studydoes notshow cause and effectbetween cardiovascular fitnessanddementia,it onlyshows anassociation/1said Horder.nMore researchis neededtoseeif improvedfitness couldhaveapositive effecton therisk ofdementiaand alsoto lookat whenduring alifetime ahigh fitnesslevel ismost important.She alsoadmitted thata relativelysmallnumberofwomenwerestudied,all ofwhom werefrom Sweden,so the results mightnot beapplicable toother groups.⑴What isontheever-growing listmentioned inthefirstparagraphA A.Positive effectsof doingexercise.B.Exercises suitableforthemiddle-aged.C.Experimental studieson dementia.D.Advantages ofsporty womenover men.()2Why didthe researchersask thewomen todo bicycle exercise BA.To predicttheir maximumheart rate.B.To assesstheir cardiovascularcapacity.C.To changetheir habitof workingout.D.To detecttheir potentialhealth problems.()3What dowe knowabout DrHordefs studyDA.It aimedto finda curefordementia.B.The resultswere farfrom satisfactory.C.Some participantswithdrew fromit.D.Data collectionwasalengthy process.⑷Which ofthe followingisthebest titleforthetext C A.More WomenAre Exercisingto PreventDementia.-Aged WomenNeed toDo MoreExercise.C.Fit WomenAre LessLikely toDevelop Dementia.D.Biking ImprovesWomens CardiovascularFitness.【分析】这是一篇说明文主要说明白常常熬炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低【解答】⑴细节理解题依据文章第一段A.New researchersfoundthatmiddle-aged womenwho werephysically fit〔失智症)could benearly90percent lesslikely todevelop dementiain laterlife,and isthey did,it cameonadecade laterthanless sportywomen.1〔新的争论人员发觉,身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%,而且的确如此,与不太喜爱运动的女性相比,她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年)可知,第一段提到了健身熬炼的好处应选项A)细节理解题依据其次段[2B.These findingsare excitingbecause itspossible that这些improving peoplescardiovascularfitnessin middleage coulddelay oreven preventthemfromdevelopingdementia.1发觉令人兴奋,由于在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓基至防止他们患上痴呆症)以及本段For thestudy.191womenwithan averageage of50took abicycleexercisetest untilthey wereexhausted tomeasure theirpeakcardiovascular(在这项争论中,名平均年龄为岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试,直到她们精疲力竭,以测量她capacity.19150们的心血管峰值力量)可知,做这项试验的目的是测试女性的心血管峰值力量应选项B)推理推断题依据文章第五段[3D.These womenwere thentested fordementia sixtimes overthe followingfour(这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智病症况)可知,此次试验的里据收集是一个长期的过程decades.应选项D)标题归纳题依据文章第一段[4C.New researchersfoundthatmiddle-aged womenwho werephysically fitcould be[失智症)nearly90percent lesslikely todevelop dementiainlaterlife,and isthey did,it cameonadecade laterthan less(新的争论人员发觉,身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近而且的确如此,与sporty women.90%,不太喜爱运动的女性相比,她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年〕以及文章后面几段通过列举试验目的、过程、方式、结果等,说明白身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低可知项”健康女性患痴呆症的可能C性较小”,符合题意应选项C(全国乙卷*阅读理解篇)Passage22021DDuring aninterview forone ofmy books,my interviewersaid somethingI stillthink aboutoften.Annoyed bythe level ofdistraction〔干扰)inhis open office,hesaid,Thats whyI havea membershipattheco-working spaceacross thestreet-so Ican focus.n Hisment struckme asstrange.After albco-working spacesalso typicallyusean openofficelayout[布局).But Irecently cameacross astudy thatshows whyhis approachworks.The researchersexamined variouslevels ofnoise onparticipants asthey pletedtests ofcreative thinking.Theywere randomlydivided intofour groupsand exposedto variousnoise levelsinthebackground,from total silence to50〔分贝,decibels70decibels,and85decibels.The differencesbetween mostofthegroups werestatisticallyinsignificant;however,the participantsinthe70decibels group-those exposedtoalevel ofnoise similartobackground chatter ina coffee shop-significantly outperformedthe othergroups.Since theeffects weresmall,this maysuggestthat ourcreative thinkingdoes notdiffer thatmuch inresponse tototalsilenceand85decibels of backgroundnoise.But sincethe resultsat70decibels weresignificant,thestudyalso suggeststhat theright level of backgroundnoise-not tooloud andnot totalsilence-may actuallyimprove onescreative thinking ability.The right level ofbackgroundnoise mayinterrupt ournormal patternsof thinkingjust enoughto allowour imaginationsto wander,without makingit impossibleto focus.This kindof ndistractedfocus1appears tobethebest statefor workingoncreative tasks.So whydo somany ofus hateour openofficesThe problem may be that,in ouroffices,we cantstop ourselvesfrom getting drawn into othersconversations whilewere tryingto focus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthat face-to-face interactionsand conversationsaffect thecreative process,and yetaco-working space ora coffee shop provides acertainlevel ofnoise whilealso providingfreedom frominterruptions.[1Why doesthe interviewerprefer aco-working spaceAA.It helpshim concentrate.B.It blocksout backgroundnoise.C.It hasa pleasantatmosphere.D.It encouragesface-to-face interactions.⑵Which levelof backgroundnoise maypromote creative thinkingabilityCA.Total silence.B.50decibels.C.70decibels.D.85decibels.[3What makesanopenoffice unweleto manypeople DA.Personal privacyunprotected.B.Limited workingspace.C.Restrictions ongroup discussion.D.Constant interruptions.[4What canwe inferabouttheauthor fromthetextDA.Hes anews reporter.B.Hes onoffice manager.C.Hes aprofessional designer.D.Hes apublished writer.【分析】这是一篇说明文作者通过自身经受叙述人们为什么不喜爱开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的制造性思维的争论【解答】[1A.细节理解题依据第一^nThat,s whyI havea membershipatthecoworking spaceacross thestreet-.〔这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格--这样我就可以集中精力了”可知,s Ican focus采访者喜爱共享办公空间的缘由是那里可以关心他集中精力应选项A2C.细节理解题依据其次段The differencesbetween mostofthegroups werestatistically insignificant;however,the participantsinthe70decibels group-those exposedtoalevelofnoise similarto backgroundchatterina大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的;然而二coffee shop-significantly outperformedthe othergroups.直量为分贝的那组参加者〔置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中的表现明显好于其他组”和第三70段But sincetheresultsat70decibels weresignificant,thestudyalso suggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise.〔但由于分贝的结果很-not tooloud andnot totalsilence-may actuallyimprove onescreativethinkingability70显著,该争论还说明,适当的背景噪音--不要太大声,也不要完全宁静--实际上可能会提高一个人的制造性思维力量”可知,分贝的那组参加者表现好于其他组,所以分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进制7070造性思维力量应选项C细节理解题依据最终一段3D.So whydo somany ofus hateour openoffices Theproblemmaybethat,in ouroffices,we cantstop ourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers*conversations whilewere tryingto focus.Indeed,theresearchers foundthatface-to-face interactionsand conversationsaffect thecreative process,and yeta coworking〔那么,为spaceoracoffeeshopprovidesa certainlevelofnoise whilealso providingfreedom frominten-uptions.什么我们中有璇么多人厌烦开放式办公室呢?问题可能是,在我们的办公室里,当我们试图集中留意力时我们无法阻挡自己卷入别人的谈话中的确,争论人员发觉,面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程,然而,共同工作空间或咖啡馆在供应肯定程度的噪音的同时,也。