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第课时4第一节真题再现(全国甲卷篇)2022D语篇类型•・主题语境人与社会历史、社会与文化(社会进词数建议用时8,r步与人类文明)悉尼新旧文化冲突331+132=463夹叙夹议甘Sometime in the early1960s,a significantthing happenedin Sydney,Australia.The citydiscovered itsharbor.Then,one afteranother,Sydney discoveredlots ofthings thatwere justsort of there-broad parks,superb beaches,and aculturally diverse population.But it is theharbor thatmakes thecity.Andrew Reynolds,a cheerfulfellow inhis early30s,pilots Sydneyferryboats for a living.I spentthe wholemorningshuttling back and forthacross theharbor.After ourthird runAndrew shut down theengine,and wewent ourseparateways—he fora lunchbreak,I toexplore thecity.Ill miss these oldboats,“he saidas weparted.“How doyou meanI asked.“Oh,theyre replacingthem withcatamarans.Catamarans arefaster,but theyrenot soelegant,and theyrenot funtopilot Butthats progress,I guess.〃(口号),Everywhere in Sydney thesedays,change andprogress arethe watchwords and traditions areincreasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald,the citys official historian,told methat in its rush to modernity in the1970s,Sydneyswept aside much of its past,including manyof itsfinest buildings.Sydney isconfused aboutitself,z/she said.We cantseemto make up ourminds whetherwe wanta modemcity ora traditionalone.Its a conflict thatwe arentgetting any(解决)better atresolvingOn theother hand,being young and old at the same timehas itsattractions.I consideredthis whenI meta thoughtfulyoung businessman named Anthony.Many peoplesay thatwe lackculture inthis country,“he told me.“What peopleforget is that the Italians,when theycame toAustralia,brought2000years of their culture,the Greeks some3000years,and the Chinese more still.Weve gota foundationbuilt onancient culturesbut witha driveand dynamismof ayoungcountry.It9sapretty hardbination to beat.”
32.What is the firstparagraph mainly aboutA.Sydneys strikingarchitecture.B.The culturaldiversity ofSydney.C.The keyto Sydneysdevelopment.D.Sydneys touristattractions in the1960s.
33.What canwe learnabout Andrew ReynoldsA.He goesto workby boat.B.He looksforward to a newlife.C.He pilotscatamarans well.D.He isattached to the oldferries.
34.What doesShirley Fitzgeraldthink ofSydneyA.It islosing itstraditions.B.It shouldspeed upits progress.C.It shouldexpand itspopulation.D.It is being moreinternational.He isright,but Icant helpwishing theywould keepthose oldferries.
35.Which statementwill the author probablyagree withA.A citycan beyoungand oldat the same time.B.A citybuilt onancient culturesis moredynamic.C.Modernity isusually achievedat thecost ofelegance.D.promise shouldbe madebetween thelocal andthe foreign.体裁夹叙夹议文主题人与社会历史、社会与文化(社会进步与人类文明)【字数】331+132【语篇导读】文章介绍了不同身份的人们对于悉尼开展过程中现代化与传统文化之间冲突的看法【背景学问】渡船,主要用于载运旅客、货物等渡过江河、湖泊渡船是一种短程运输船舶,船体结构简洁,具有ferryboat良好的操纵性、稳定性即双体船,是指在两个别离的水下船体上部用加强构架连接成一个整体的“船舶〃两个船体内各设一部主机和一个推动器,具有稳定性好、平安舒适和操纵敏捷等优点,常用作中、小型客船和渡船,但结构简单,摇摆周期短,中间体结构较弱,不宜远洋航行.【答案】32C[解析】主旨大意题依据第一段“Sometime in the early1960s,a significantthing happenedinSydney,Australia.A.They likesmart phonegames.B.They enjoyguessing callers*identity.C.They keepusing landlinephones.D.They areattached to their family.⑷What canbe inferredabout thelandline fromthe lastparagraph BA.It remainsa familynecessity.B.It willfall out of usesome day.C.It mayincrease dailyexpenses.D.It isas importantas thegas light.【分析】本文是一篇说明文阅读,文章主要叙述了流行的时代,一半的澳大利亚人仍旧使用座机,后文就该现象和缘由进行了分析【解答】)段落大意题依据其次段[1B.In factplenty ofyounger kidshave onein theirpocket.Practically everyone.事实上,很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有几乎每个人都可以随时随地can makeand receivecalls anywhere,anytime拨打和接听可知,其次段主要叙述了在澳大利亚是特别普及的,它们广受欢送,应选B)词句猜想题依据划线单词的上文(在那些仍旧有固定的[2A.Of thoseAustralians whostill have a landline澳大利亚人中)”可知,这个调查的目标人群是仍旧有固定的澳大利亚人;依据下文Ts notreally necessaryandtheyre keepingit as a securityblanket——19percent saythey neveruse itwhile afurther13percent keepit in case of[固定并不是必需的,他们将其作为一种平安保障--的人表示他们从未使用过固定,另有emergencies-19%13%的人保存固定以防紧急状况可知,很多人认为固定并不是必需拥有的,有些人保存固定只是为了防止紧急状况从而推知,在调查中,他们应当是成认了固定的非必要性由此推知,划线单词意为“成认”concede”结合选项成认;争辩;记住;评论应选A.Admit B.Argue C.Remember D.Remark A)推理推断题依据第四段(因素)---只有的一代仍旧时不时地使用固[3C.Age isnaturally afactor58%Y定相比之下,婴儿潮一代中有的人可能已经有年用的是相同的家庭号码了可知,婴儿潮一代人习84%50惯了使用固定的座机来进行联系,应选C)推理推断题依据最终一段[4B.How attachedare youto yourlandline Howlong untilthey gothe wayof gasstreet你和你的座机有多亲热?离煤气路灯和早上送牛奶还有多久?可知,曾经我lamps and morning milkdeliveries们都使用煤气路灯以及早上送牛奶,而现在这种状况根本已经不见了,言外之意就是现在座机的使用必将被淘汰,远离我们的生活,应选B(新高考卷*阅读理解篇)Passage22020I D
6.According to a recentstudy in the Journal of Consumer Research,both thesize and consumption habits of our eatingpanions caninfluence ourfood intake.And contraryto existingresearch thatsays youshould avoideating withheavier份),people whoorder largeportions1it*sthe beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To testthe effectof socialinfluence oneating habits,the researchersconducted twoexperiments.In thefirst,95(夕卜表上)undergraduate womenwere individuallyinvited into a labto ostensiblyparticipate in a studyabout movieviewership.Before thefilm began,each womanwas askedto helpherself toa snack.An actorhired bythe researchersgrabbedher foodfirst.In hernatural state,the actorweighed105pounds.But inhalf thecases shewore aspeciallydesigned fatsuit whichincreased her weight to180pounds.Both thefat andthin versionsof theactor tooka largeamount offood.The participantsfollowed suit,taking morefoodthan theynormally wouldhave.However,they tooksignificantly morewhen theactor wasthin.For thesecond test,in onecase thethin actor took twopieces ofcandy fromthe snackbowls.In theother case,shetook30pieces.The resultswere similarto thefirst testthe participantsfollowed suitbut tooksignificantly morecandywhen thethin actortook30pieces.The testsshow that the socialenvironment isextremely influentialwhen weTemaking decisions.If thisfellowparticipant isgoing toeat more,so willI.Call itthe Illhave whatshes havingeffect.However,well adjusttheinfluence.If anoverweight personis havinga largeportion,Ill holdbacka bit because I see the results of his eatinghabits.But if a thinperson eatsa lot,Ill followsuit.If hecan eatmuch andkeep slim,why cantI)[1What isthe recentstudy mainlyabout DA.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behaviour.⑵What doesthe underlinedword beanpoles1*in Paragraph1refer toDA.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thinpersons.)[3Why didthe researchershire theactor AA.To seehow she would affectthe participantsB.To testif theparticipants couldrecognize her.C.To findout whatshewoulddo inthe twotests.D.To studywhy shecould keepherweightdown.⑷On whatbasis dowe adjustthe influence1according tothe lastparagraph CA.How hungrywe are.B.How slimwe wantto be.C.How weperceive others.D.How wefeel aboutthe food.【分析】本文是一篇说明文,以试验告知我们一个结果别人对我们的影响取决于我们对他们的看法【解答】
(1)D.细节理解题依据第一段According toa recentstudy inthe Journalof ConsumerResearch,both thesize〔依据肖费者讨论杂志?(andconsumptionhabitsofoureatingpanions caninfluence ourfood intake.7Journalof)最近的一项讨论,我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄取量〕可知最ConsumerResearch近的讨论主要是关于饮食行为的应选D⑵D.词义猜想题依据第一段And contraryto existingresearch thatsays youshould avoideating withheavier peoplewho(份〕,order largeportions itsthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.〔现存的讨论是你应当防止和体重较大的人一起吃大餐,与之相反的是你真正需要防止的是那些有着大胃口的)依据第三段Both thefat andthin versionsof theactortooka largeamount offood.The participantsfollowed suit,taking.[胖版和瘦版的more foodthan theynormally wouldhave.However,they tooksignificantly morewhen theactor wasthin演员者吃了大量的食物,参加者也跟着做了,吃了比平常多的食物,然而,当演员瘦的时候,他们吃得明显更K多)可知跟着瘦的吃的多人,你会吃的更多可知意思是瘦的人,结合选项大食客;beanpoles A.Big eaters超重者;挑食者;又高又瘦的人应选B.Overweight personsC.Picky eatersD.Tall thinpersons D)细节理解题依据最终一段[3A.The testsshow that the socialenvironment isextremely influentialwhen weTemaking.(测试说明,当我们做出打算时,社会环境是特别有影响力的)可知讨论人员要雇用演员是为了看看decisions她会如何影响参加者应选A⑷C.推理推断题依据最终一段However,well adjustthe influence.If anoverweight personis havinga largeportion,THhold backabitbecause Iseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.But ifa thinperson eatsa lot,Ill followsuit.If hecan eatmuch and〔不过,我们会调整影响的假如一个超重的人吃了很多,我会克制一点,由于我看到了他keep slim,why cantI的饮食习惯的结果但是假如一个瘦的人吃得多,我也会照做假如他能吃得多,保持苗条,为什么我不能呢?)可知我们是以我们如何看待他人来调整他人对自己的影响力的应选C【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行认真分析,结合选项选出正确答案推理推断题也是要在抓住关键句子的根底上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜想,肯定要做到有理有据(世纪年月初,澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事这座城市发觉了它的港口)〃The citydiscovered itsharbor.2060以及.(但是是港口造就了城市)〃可知,本段主要介绍了悉尼开展的关键“But itistheharbor thatmakes thecity是港口应选项C.【答案】33D【解析】细节理解题依据其次段u AndrewReynolds,a cheerfulfellow inhis early30s,pilot Sydneyferryboats fora(安德鲁雷诺兹()是一个岁出头的开朗小伙子,以驾驶悉尼渡船为生)〃、第三living.AndrewReynolds30段Ill missthese oldboats.(我会惦念这些旧船的)”以及第五段uCatamarans arefaster,but theyrenot soelegant,(双体船更快,但它们不那么优雅,驾驶起来也不好玩)〃可知,渡轮领航员and theyrenot funto pilot.Andrew喜爱老式渡船应选项Reynolds D.【答案】34A[解析】推理推断题依据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald,the citysofficial historian,told methat inits rush to(该市的官方历史modernity inthe1970s,Sydney sweptasidemuch of its past,including manyof itsfinest buildings.学家雪莉菲茨杰拉德()告知我,在世纪年月急于实现现代化的过程中,悉尼将其大局Shirley Fitzgerald2070部的过去扫地出门,包括其很多最好的建筑)〃可推知,认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化,正在失Shirley Fitzgerald去它的传统应选项A【答案】35A[解析】推理推断题依据侄数其次段o ij“On theother hand,being youngandoldat thesametimehas itsattractions.(另——方面,同时年轻和年老也有它I consideredthis whenI meta thoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.的魅力当我遇到一个叫安东尼的有思想的年轻商人时,我考虑了这个问题)〃以及最终一段(他He isright说得没错)〃可推知,作者赞同的观点,认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老应选项Anthony A其次节精深语篇
一、高频核心词汇有重大意义的,显著的;
1.significant adj.了解到,熟悉到;
2.discover v.极好的,绝佳的(近)
3.superb adj.excellent;领航(船只);
4.pilots生计,谋生;
5.living n.频繁往来(于甲地和乙地之间);
6.shuttle v.美丽雅致的;
7.elegant adj.冲突;
8.conflict n.吸引力,诱惑力
9.attraction n.根底
10.foundation n.机体系结构
11.architecture多样性
12.diversity n.扩大
13.expand u妥协
14.promise v.在文化上
15.culturally引人注目的
16.Striking adj.〃力欢乐的
17.cheerful不断增力口地()
18.increasingly adv.increasing+ly;现代()
19.modernity n.modern+ity;深思的,深思的()
20.thoughtful adj,thought+ful;
21.increasingly adv.历史学家
22.historian n.精力,劲头()
23.dynamism n,dynamic+ism:结合体,联合体()
24.bination n.bine+ation口号
25.watchword n.解决
26.resolve v.
二、词性转换重要性,意义.重要的,有意义的微缺乏道的,无足轻重的表
1.significance n.significant ainsignificant adj.signify v.示,意味着•发觉,发觉
2.discover vtdiscovery n.吸弓引起吸引,喜爱,吸引人的事物/景点.迷人的,有吸引力
3.attract vI,attraction n.attractive a不同的,多种多样,形形色色的多样性
4.diverse v.diversity n.扩大扩大
5.expand v.expansion n..历史通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实通常用以表示具有重要历史意义
6.history nhistorical a.historic adj.在历史上;从历史角度historically ad.historian
三、熟词生义航程;
1.run n.熟义跑;跑步;跑步的时间〔或距离)n.生义旅程,航程原文After ourthird runAndrew shutdown theengine,and wewent ourseparate ways-he fora lunchbreak,I toexplorethe city.译文在我们第三次旅行后,安德鲁关闭了引擎,我们各奔东西他去吃午饭,我去探究这个城市分析在本句中意为旅程,航程“a tripby car,plane,boat,etc.,especially ashort oneor onethat ismade regularly(旅程,航程)〃
2.part熟义局部n.生义离开;分别v.原文Ill missthese oldboats,he saidas weparted.译文”我会惦念这些老船的,”他在我们分开时说分析在本句中意为“(离开;分别)〃ifaperson partsfrom anotherperson,or twopeople part,they leaveeach other.冲劲,干劲
3.driven熟义艮驾驶;开车机驱车旅行;驾车路程生义儿冲劲;干劲;精力原文Weve gota foundationbuilt onancient culturesbut witha driveand dynamismof ayoung country.Its apretty hard译文bination tobeat.”分析在本句中意为(冲劲;干劲;精力)〃a strongdesire to do thingsand achievesth;great energy
三、词汇应用()resolve/ri zolv//ri za:lv/,/n zo:lv/verb formal
①[T]~sth/itselfto findan acceptablesolution toa problemor difficulty解决(问题或困难)SYN settle解决问题/争端/冲突/危机to resolvean issue/a dispute/aconflict/a crisis双方会晤以努力解决分歧Both sidesmet inorder totry toresolve theirdifferences.
②[T,I]to makea firmdecision to do sth决心;打算他打算不告知她真相~to do sth Heresolved notto tellher thetruth.()()她决心再也不见他了〜that...She resolved that shewould neversee himagain.我们已经打算早点动身~on sth/on doingsth Wehad resolvedon makingan earlystart.
(3)[T](of amittee,meeting,etc.会、会议等)to reacha decisionby meansof aformal vote(经正式投票)作出打算,作出决议;表决itisresolved that...经过表决,打算把这件事提交给上级主管部门It wasresolvedthat the matter be referred toa higher authority.〜that...They resolvedthat thematterbereferredtoahigherauthority.他们经过表决,打算把这件事提交给上级主管部门〜todosthThe SupremeCouncil resolvedto resumecontrol overthe nationalpress.最高会作出决议恢复对国家新闻机构的掌握
五、核心词块一个接一个
1.one afteranother来回地
2.back andforth走不同的路;分道扬镶;各奔前程
3.go onesseparate ways把放到一边;对置之不理;全然无视
4.Sweep aside作出打算;拿定办法
5.make upones mind另一方面,在另一方面
6.On theother hand一个接一个地,间续地;
7.one afteranother可以说;
8.sort of文化多元化的;
9.culturallydiverse反复来回;
10.back andforth使机器停止运转;
11.shutdown分道而行;
12.go yourseparate ways午餐时间;
13.a lunchbreak…以替换;
14.replace…with做某事的热潮;
15.rushtodosth拒不理睬,无视
16.sweep aside对感到困惑
17.be confusedabout下定决心;
18.makeupones mind另一方面;
19.on theother hand对依恋
20.be attachedto加速
21.speed up以为代价
22.atthecost of
六、长难句分析【长难句分析】原文
1.
1.Shirley Fitzgerald,the citysofficial historian,told methat inits rushto modernityinthe1970s.Sydney sweptasidemuchofitspastincluding manyofitsfinest buildings.para.6分诉本句为主从复合句该句主干为引导宾语从句是Shirley Fitzgeraldtoldme,that thecitysofficialhistorian的同位语:是介词短语作状语Shirley Fitzgeraldinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s译文该市的官方历史学家雪莉菲茨杰拉德〔告知我,在世纪年月急于实现现代化的过Shirley Fitzgerald2070程中,悉尼将其大局部的过去扫地出门,包括其很多最好的建筑原文
2.What peopleforgetisthatthe Italians,when theycame toAustralia brought2000years of their culture,the Greekssome3000years andthe Chinese more stilLpara.7分析本句为主从复合句是主语从句,是表语从句What peopleforget thattheItalians....theChinesemorestill在表语从句中,是时间状语从句,和when theycame toAustralia theGreekssome3000years theChinesemorestill是省略句,为了防止重复,均省略了和brought of their cultureo译文人们遗忘的是当意大利人来到澳大利亚时,带来了他们年的文化,希腊人带来了大约年的文20003000化,中国人带来了更多的文化第三节实战演练典例根底练★★1:(湖北卷*阅读理解篇)Passage12015C一.阅读理解(共小题)
61.The trafficsignals alongFactoria Boulevardin Bellevue,Washington,generally dontflash thesame lengthof greentwicein arow,especially atrush hour.At930am,the fullred/yellow/green signal cycle mightbe140seconds.By933am,a burstof additionaltraffic mightpush itto145seconds.Less trafficat937am couldpush itdown to
135.Justlike the traffic itself,the timingof thesignals changes.That isby design.Bellevue,a fast-growing cityjust eastof Seattle,uses asystem thatis gainingpopularity aroundtheUSintersection(十字路口)signals that can adjustin realtime totraffic conditions.These lights,known asadaptive signals,have ledto significantdeclines inboth thetrouble andcost oftravels betweenwork andhome.nAdaptive signalscan makesure thatthe trafficdemand thatis thereis beingaddressed,says AlexStevanovic,aresearcher atFlorida AtlanticUniversity.For allof Bellevuessuccess,adaptive signalsare nota cure-all forjammed roadways.Kevin Balke,a researchengineer atthe Texas AM University Transportation Institute,says thatwhile smartlights canbe particularlybeneficial for some cities,others areso jammedthat onlya sharp reduction inthe number of cars on the road will makea meaningfuldifference.Its notgoing tofix everything,but adaptive signals havesome benefitsfor smallercities,hesays.In Bellevue,the switchto adaptive signals hasbeen alesson inthe valueof weling new approaches.In thepast,there wasoften anautomatic reactionto increasedtrafficjust widenthe roads,says MarkPoch,the BellevueTransportationDepartments trafficengineering manager.Now hehopes thatother citieswill considermaking theirstreetsrun smarterinstead ofjust makingthem bigger.⑴What doesthe underlinedword that in paragraph2refer toCA.Increased lengthof greenlights.B.Shortened trafficsignal cycle.C・Flexible timingof trafficsignals.D.Smooth trafficflow on the road.⑵What doesKevin Balkesay aboutadaptivesignalsDA.They workbetter onbroad roads.B.They shouldbe usedin other cities.C・They havegreatly reducedtraffic on the road.D.They areless helpfulin citiesseriously jammed.)[3What canwe learnfrom Bellevuessuccess AA.It isrewarding totry newthings.B・The oldmethods stillwork today.C.It paysto puttheory intopractice.D.The simplestway isthe bestway.【分析】本文是一篇说明文主要叙述华盛顿州贝尔维尤采纳自适应交通信号灯的好处,并且分析了自适应信号灯的利弊_【解答】⑴代词指代题依据第一段结尾:就像交C.Just likethe traffic itself,the timingofthesignals changes.通本身一样,信号灯的时间也会转变可知其次段开头的.〔那是成心的)中的指的That isby designthat是敏捷的交通信号时间支配应选C.()推理推断题依据第四段2D.Kevin Balke,a researchengineer atthe Texas AM UniversityTransportationInstitute,says thatwhile smartlights canbe particularlybeneficialfor somecities,others areso jammedthat onlya sharpreduction inthe number of,德州农工高校交通讨论所(cars onthe road will makea meaningfuldifference TexasaM University Transportation)的讨论工程师凯文•巴尔克〔)说,虽然智能灯对一些城市特殊有利,但其他交通堵塞Institute Kevin Balke严峻的城市,只有大幅削减道路上的汽车数量才能解决问题可以推断出他认为在交通拥堵严峻的城市里,自适应信号灯的关心不大应选D.()推理推断题依据最终一段3A.In Bellevue,the switchto adaptivesignals hasbeen alesson inthe valueof在贝尔维尤,向自适应信号的转变是对欢送新方法的价值的一个启示可知对于贝尔weling new approaches.维尤的胜利,我们可以学到尝试新的东西是值得的应选A.浙江月卷*阅读理解篇Passage220207B
2.The trafficsignals alongFactoria Boulevardin Bellevue,Washington,generally dontflash thesame lengthof greentwiceinarow,especially atrush hour.At930am,the fullred/yellow/green signalcycle mightbe140seconds.By933am,a burstof additionaltraffic mightpush itto145seconds.Less trafficat937am couldpush itdown to
135.Justlike the trafficitself,the timingofthesignals changes.That isby design.Bellevue,a fast-growing cityjust eastof Seattle,uses asystem thatis gainingpopularity aroundtheUSintersection十字路口signals thatcan adjustin realtime totraffic conditions.These lights,known asadaptivesignals,have ledto significantdeclines inboth thetrouble andcost oftravels betweenwork andhome.Adaptive signalscan makesure thatthetrafficdemand thatis thereisbeingaddressed,”says AlexStevanovic,aresearcher atFlorida AtlanticUniversity.For allof Bellevuessuccess,adaptivesignalsare nota cure-all forjammed roadways.Kevin Balke,a researchengineerattheTexasAMUniversityTransportationInstitute,says thatwhile smartlights canbe particularlybeneficialfor somecities,others areso jammedthat onlya sharpreduction inthe numberof carsonthe roadwillmakea meaningfuldifference.Its notgoing tofix everything,but adaptivesignals havesome benefitsfor smallercities,hesays.In Bellevue,the switchto adaptivesignals hasbeen alesson inthe valueof welingnewapproaches.In thepast,there wasoften anautomatic reactionto increasedtrafficjust widenthe roads,says MarkPoch,the BellevueTransportationDepartments trafficengineering manager.Now hehopes thatothercitieswill considermaking theirstreetsrun smarterinstead ofjust makingthem bigger.1What doesthe underlinedword that in paragraph2refer toC A.Increased lengthof greenlights.B.Shortened trafficsignalcycle.C.Flexible timingof trafficsignals.D.Smooth trafficflow onthe road.⑵What doesKevin Balkesay aboutadaptivesignalsDA.They workbetter onbroad roads.B・They shouldbe usedin othercities.C.They havegreatly reducedtraffic ontheroad.D.They areless helpfulin citiesseriously jammed.[3What canwe learnfrom Bellevuessuccess AA.It isrewarding totry newthings.B・The oldmethods stillwork today.C.It paysto puttheory intopractice.D.The simplestway isthe bestway.【分析】本文叙述华盛顿州贝尔维尤采纳自适应交通信号灯的好处,并且分析了自适应信号灯的利弊.【解答】⑴细节理解题.依据第一段结尾就像交C.Just likethetrafficitself,the timingofthesignals changes.通本身一样,信号灯的时间也会转变.可知其次段开头的中的指的是交通信号灯敏捷的That isby design.that定时.应选C.推理推断题.依据第四段[2D.Kevin Balke,a researchengineerattheTexasAMUniversityTransportationInstitute,says thatwhile smartlights canbe particularlybeneficialfor somecities,others areso jammedthat onlya德州农工高校交通讨论所sharpreductioninthe numberofcarsontheroadwillmakea meaningfuldifference.Texas的讨论工程师凯文•巴尔克说,虽然智能灯对一些城市特殊aM UniversityTransportationInstituteKevinBalke有利,但其他交通堵塞严峻的城市,只有大幅削减道路上的汽车数量才能解决问题.可以推断出他认为在交通拥堵严峻的城市里,自适应信号灯的关心不大.应选D.推理推断题.依据最终一段[3A.In Bellevue,the switchto adaptivesignals hasbeen alesson inthe valueof在贝尔维尤,向自适应信号的转变是对欢送新方法的价值的一个启示.可知对于贝尔维welingnewapproaches.尤的胜利,我们可以学到尝试新的东西是值得的.应选A.典例力量提升练★★★2(新高考卷*阅读理解篇)Passage12021I D
3.Popularization hasin somecases changedthe originalmeaning of emotional intelligence.Many peoplenowmisunderstand emotional intelligence asalmost everythingdesirable ina personsmakeup thatcannot be measured byanIQ test,such ascharacter,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism andnpeople skills.n Research has shownthatemotional skillsmay contributeto someof thesequalities,but mostof themmove farbeyond skill-basedemotional intelligence.We preferto describeemotional intelligenceasaspecific setof skillsthatcanbe usedfor eithergood orbadpurposes.The abilityto accuratelyunderstand howothers arefeeling maybe usedby adoctor to find howbest tohelpher patients,while acheater mightuse itto controlpotential victims.Being emotionallyintelligent doesnot necessarilymakeone amoral person.Although popularbeliefs regardingemotional intelligencerun farahead ofwhat researchcan reasonablysupport,the overalleffects ofthe publicityhave beenmore beneficialthan harmful.The mostpositive aspectof this(重视)popularization isa newand muchneeded emphasison emotionby employers,educators andothers interestedinpromoting socialwell-being.The popularizationof emotional intelligence hashelped boththe publicand researchersre-evaluate the functionality ofemotions andhow theyserve peopleadaptively ineveryday life.Although thecontinuing popularappeal of emotionalintelligenceis desirable,we hopethat suchattentionwill excite a greater interest inthe scientificand scholarlystudy ofemotion.lt isour hopethatining decades,advances[视角)in science will offer new perspectives from whichto studyhow peoplemanage theirlives.Emotional intelligence,with itsfocus onboth headand heart,may serveto pointus inthe rightdirection.()1What isa monmisunderstanding ofemotionalintelligenceD A.It canbemeasuredby anIQ test.B.It helpsto exercisea personsmind.C.It includesa setofemotional skills.D.It referstoapersons positivequalities.⑵Why doestheauthormention doctorand cheater”in paragraph2B A.Toexplain arule.B.To clarifya conceptC.To presenta foct.D.To makea prediction.)[3What isthe authorsattitude tothe popularizationofemotionalintelligence AA.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.⑷What doesthe lastparagraph mainlytalk aboutconcerning emotionalintelligence BA.Its appealtothe public.B.Expectations forfuture studies.C.Its practicalapplication.D.Scientists withnew perspectives.【分析】本文是一篇健康环保类阅读,主要介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商将来讨论的期望【解答】[)细节理解题c依据文-I D.Researchhasshown thatemotionalskillsmay contributeto someof these(讨论说明,情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)可知,情商指的并不是一个人的乐观品质qualities.应选Do⑵B.推理推断题依据其次段The abilityto accuratelyunderstand howothers arefeling maybe usedby adoctor to〔医生可能利用这种精find howbest tohelpher patient,while acheater mightuse itto controlpotential victims.确理解他人感受的力量来找到最好的关心病人的方法,而骗子可能利用这种力量来掌握潜在的受害者)可知,作者在文章其次段中提至『‘医生”和“骗子”是举例子来说明下文的观点--情商高并不肯定能使一个人成为有道德的人应选B)推理推断题依据第三段[4A.the overallefects ofthe publicityhave beenmore beneficialthan harmful...The(宣扬的,总体效果始终是利大popularization ofemotionalitelligence hashelped boththepublicand researchers.于弊这种普及最乐观的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感爱好的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调情商的普及关心了公众和讨论人员)可知,作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的应选A)段落大意题依据最终——段[5B.we hopethat suchatention willexciteagreaterinterestinthescientific andscholarlystudy ofemotion.lt isour hopethatining decades,advances insciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhich(我们盼望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术讨论的更大爱好我to studyhow peoplemanagetheir lives.们盼望在将来的几十年里,科学的进步将为讨论人们如何管理自己的生活供应新的视角)可知,本段主要谈了对将来关于情商讨论的期望应选B(全国卷*阅读理解篇)Passage22020111C(孤独),
4.With theyoung unableto affordto leavehome andthe oldat riskof isolationmore familiesare choosingto live together.The doorwayto peaceand quiet,for NickBright atleast,leads straightto his mother-in-lawshe liveson theground floor,while helives upstairswith hiswife andtheir twodaughters.Four yearsago theyall movedintoathree-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one ofa growingnumber ofmultigenerationalfamilies inthe UKliving togetherunder thesame roof.They sharea frontdoor anda washingmachine,but RitaWhitehead hasher ownkitchen,bathroom,bedroom andliving roomontheground floor.“We floatedthe ideato mymum ofsharing ahouse,says KathrynWhitehead.Rita cutsin”We spokemore withNickbecauseI think it*sabig thingfor Nickto live with hismother-in-law.”And whatdoes Nickthink Frommy standpoint,it allseems towork verywell.Would Iremend itYes,I thinkI would.”Its hardto tellexactly howmany peopleagree withhim,but research indicates thatthe numbers have been risingfor sometime.Official reportssuggest thatthenumberof householdswith threegenerations livingtogether hadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in
2013.Other varietiesof multigenerational family aremore mon.Some peoplelivewith their elderlyparents;many moreadultchildren arereturning tothe familyhome,if theyever left.It issaid thatabout20%of25-34-year-olds livewiththeir parents,pared with16%in
1991.The totalnumberofall multigenerationalhouseholds inBritain isthought tobeabout
1.8million.Stories likethat aremore monin partsoftheworld,where multigenerationalliving ismore firmlyrooted.In India,particularly outsidecities,young womenare expectedto movein withtheir husbandsfamily whenthey getmarried.)[1Who mainlyuses thegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristolBB.Rita.C.Kathryn.D.The daughters..)[2What isNicks attitudetowards sharingthe housewith hismother-in-law AA.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling..)[3What isthe authorsstatement aboutmultigenerationalfamilybased onCA.Family traditionsB.Financial reports.C.Published statisticsD.Public opinions.⑷What isthe textmainlyaboutDA.Lifestyles indifferent countries.B.Conflicts betweengenerations.C.A housingproblem inBritain.D.A risingtrend ofliving inthe UK.【分析】本文叙述了尼克•布莱特一家人住在一个三层的房子里,包括妻子,婆婆,女儿们和自己,讨论发觉这种家人聚居的现象越来越普遍【解答】细节理解题依据其次段•怀特黑德在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧房和客厅[1B.hismother-in-可知,婆婆丽塔•怀特黑德住在房子的底层,应选B观点态度题依据第五段[2A.And whatdoes Nickthink Frommy standpoint,it allseems towork very尼克怎么看?”从我的角度看,这一切好像都很好,我可以推举well.Would Iremend itYes,IthinkIwould.吗?是的,我想我会的可知,尼克对于婆婆合租的问题持确定的态度确定的;无忧A.Positive B.Carefree无虑的;宽容的;不情愿的应选C.Tolerant D.Unwilling A公众意见,应选opinions Co〔主旨大意题依据第一段孤4D.With theyoung unableto affordto leavehome andthe oldat riskof isolation独,.年轻人无力离家,老年人面临与世隔绝的风险,越来越多的家more familiesare choosing tolivetogether庭选择住在一起可知,本文叙述了尼克•布莱特一大家人住在一个三层的房子里,并且讨论发觉一家人聚居的这种现象越来越普遍;依据第六段.这个数researchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime字始终在上升可知,聚居的这种现象现在是英国生活的一种上升趋势,应选D典例力量挑战****3全国乙卷*阅读理解篇Passage12021B〔座
5.When almosteveryone hasa mobilephone,why aremore thanhalf ofAustralian homesstill payingfora landline机?These daysyoud behard pressedtofindanyone inAustralia overthe ageof15who doesntown a mobilephone.In fact,plenty ofyounger kidshave onein theirpocket.Practically everyonecan makeand receivecallsanywhere,anytime.Still,55percent ofAustralians havea landlinephone athome andonly justover aquarter[29%rely onlyon theirsmartphones,according toa survey.Of thoseAustralians whotill havealandline,a thirdconcede thatits notreallynecessary andthey*re keepingit asa securityblanket——19percent saythey neveruse itwhile afurther13percentkeep itincaseof emergencies.!think myhome fallsinto thatcategory.一More thanhalf ofAustralian homesare stillchoosingtostick withtheir home phone.Age isnaturally afactoronly58percent ofGeneration Ysstill uselandlines nowand then,pared to84percent ofBaby Boomerswhove perhapshadthesamehome numberfor50years.Age isntthe onlyfactor.Ed sayits alsotodowiththemakeup ofyourhousehold.Generation Xerswith youngfamilies,like mywife andI,can stillfind itconvenient tohaveahomephoneratherthan providingamobilephone forevery familymember.That said,tobehonest theonly peoplewho everring ourhomephone areour BabyBoomers parents,tothepoint wherewe playa gameand guesswho iscalling beforewe pickup the〔phone usingCaller IDwould takethefunoutofit.How attachedare youto yourlandline Howlong untilthey gothe wayof gasstreet lampsandmorningmilkdeliveries1What doesparagraph2mainly tellus aboutmobile phonesBA.Their targetusers.B.Their widepopularity.C.Their majorfunctions.D.Their plexdesign.⑵What doesthe underlinedword concedein paragraph3mean AA.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.[3What canwe sayabout BabyBoomersC。