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第2课时第一节真题再现(2022全乙卷B篇)语篇类型书评主题语境人与社会文学书评建议用时难度系数:★★8,文章出处In1916,two girlsof wealthyfamilies,best friendsfrom Auburn,N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruffand RosamondUnderwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a oneroom schoolhouse.The girlshad gonetoSmith College.They woreexpensive clothes.So for them to move to Elkhead,Colo,to instruct the children whose shoeswere held together with stringwas asurprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject ofNothing Daunted:The UnexpectedEducation of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden,who is a magazineeditor andDorothy Woodruffsgranddaughter.Why didthey gothen Well,they wantedto dosomething useful.Soon,however,they realizedwhat theyhadundertaken.They movedin with a localfamily,the Harrisons,and,like them,had littleprivacy,rare baths,and a blanket of snowon theirquilt whenthey wokeup in the morning.Some mornings,Rosamond andDorothy wouldarrive atthe schoolhouseto find the children weepingfrom thecold.In spring,the snowwas replacedby mudover ice.In Wickendensbook,she expandedon thehistory of the Westand alsoon feminism,which ofcourse influencedthe(牵涉)girls decision to go to Elkhead.A hairraising section concerns the building of therailroads,which entaileddrillingthrough the Rockies,often inblinding snowstorms.The bookends withRosamond andDorothys return to Auburn.[坚忍)Wickenden is a verygood storyteller.The sweepof theland and the stoicismof the people moveher tosomebeautiful writing.Here isa pictureof Dorothy Woodruff,on herhorse,looking downfrom ahill top:HWhen thesunslipped behindthe mountains,it sheda rosyglow allaround them.Then afull moonrose.The snowwas markedonly bysmall animals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and varyinghares,which turnedwhite in the winter.
24.Why did Dorothy andRosamondgo to the RockyMountainsA.To teachin aschool.B.To studyAmerican history.C.To writea book.D.To do sightseeing.A.They enjoyedmuch respect.B.They had a roomwith abathtub.C.They livedwith thelocal kids.D.They sufferedsevere hardships.
25.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph3A.The extremeclimate ofAuburn.B.The living conditions inElkhead.C.The railroadbuilding in the Rockies.D.The naturalbeauty of the West.
27.What is the textC.A childrens story.D.A diaryentry.体裁A.A newsreport.B.A bookreview.-书评书评主题人与社会
26.Which part of Wickendenswriting is hairraising【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了作家多萝西・威肯登的畅销书而〃g Daunted:The UnexpectedEducation ofTwo SocietyGirls in the他s,无所畏惧:两个西方社会女孩的意外教育?【段意梳理】第一段引出本文话题畅销书其次和Nothing Daunted:The UnexpectedEducation ofTwo SocietyGirlsin the Westo三段简介两名西方女孩艰苦的生活环境第四段深度剖析此书探讨的内容西方历史和女权主义第五段简介作者Dorothy Wickenden多萝西・威肯登【答案及解析】[解析]细节理解题此题询问多萝西和罗莎
24.A WhydidDorothyand Rosamondgo to the RockyMountains蒙德为什么要去落基山脉?依据题干中的关键词复原到第一段go to the RockyMountains3In1916,two girlsofwealthy families,best friendsfrom Auburn,N.Y.——DorothyWoodruffand RosamondUnderwood—traveled to a年,来自纽约州奥本的两个富有家庭的settlementintheRockyMountainsto teachin aoneroomschoolhouse.1916女孩——多萝西・伍德洛夫和罗莎蒙德・安德伍德——来到落基山脉的一个定居地,在一间只有一间教室的校舍里教书可知,她俩去落基山脉去一所学校教书,应选A典例3仿真演练****(重庆卷*阅读理解篇)Passage12012EI aman activeplaygoer andplay-reader,and perhaps my best reason for editing this book isa hope of sharing myenthusiasm for the theater with others.To dothis Ihave searchedthrough dozensof plays to findthe onesthat Ithink bestshowthe powerand purposeof theshort play.(居作家)Each playhas atheme orcentral ideawhich the playwright Uhopes toget acrossthrough dialogueandaction.A fewcharacters areused tocreate asingle impressiongrowing out of thetheme.lt isnot myintention topoint outthe central theme of each of the plays in this collection,for thatwould,indeed,ruin thepleasure ofreading,discussing,andthinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.However,a varietyof typesis representedhere.These[多面性)include edy,satire,poignant drama,historical andregional drama.To showthe versatilityof theshort play,Ihave includeda guidanceplay,a radioplay and a televisionplay.Among thewriters of the plays in this collection,Paul Green,Susan GlaspelhMaxwell Anderson,Thornton Wilder,William Saroyan,and TennesseeWilliams haveall receivedPulitzer Prizesfor theircontributions to the theater.Moreinformation about the playwrightswill befound atthe endof this book.To getthe mostout ofreading these plays,try topicture theplay onstage,with you,the reader,intheaudience.The(变暗)houselights dim.The curtainsare about to open,and in a fewminutes theaction anddialogue willtell youthestory.()1What dowe knowabout the author from the firstparagraphA.He haswritten dozensof plays.B.He has a deeplove forthe theater.C.He isa professionalstage actor.D.He likesreading short plays toothers.()2What doesthe authoravoid doingin hisworkA.Stating the plays*central ideas.B.Selecting worksby famousplaywrights.C.Including varioustypes of plays.D.Offering informationon the playwrights.[31What doesthe authorsuggest readersdo whilereading the plays A.Control theirfeelings.B.Apply theiracting skills.C.Use theirimagination.D.Keep theiraudience inmind.)[4What isthis textA.A shortstory.B.An introductionto a book.C.A playreview.D.An advertisementfor atheater.【分析】略【解答】【要点综述】本文就人的需要的分类进行了论述.作者首先表达了对观点的局部认同,John Keynes但其后那么是对其观点的批驳.该文作者认为,人的需要在很大程度上是对质量的无尽追求.细节理解题.短文第一段最终一句说明需要论的观点相对需要是无止境的.
1.C JohnKeynes推理推断题.从该段第一句可知作者在该段一再强调的是质量需求的重要性.这对夫妇在外面就餐庆祝结
2.D婚周年即表达了对该顿晚餐的选择与对其质量的要求相关.词义猜想题.从该段材料对保时捷的改良及人们对此改良趋之假设鹫的追求来看,人们对质量需求是不断
3.B提高的.因此可断定该词含义为”提高推理推断题.第一段对关于的观点进行了确定和质疑,而下文提出质量需求是
4.A JohnKeynes absoluteneeds无境的.该题主要说明作者对关于是无止境的论断的质疑.干扰最大的是选项,it JohnKeynes relativeneeds B该观点是作者的观点,而不是被质疑的观点.该题题干中的在此是”质疑和争论”的意思.argue【解析】细节理解题此题询问从第三段我们可以了解
25.D Whatcanwelearnabout the girlsfromparagraph3到关于女孩的什么信息,第三段介绍了两名西方女孩艰苦的生活环境,可知他们患病了严峻的困难,应选D【解析】细节理解题此题询问威肯登的哪一局部写得
26.C WhichpartofWickenderfs writingishairraising让人毛骨悚然依据题干中的关键词可复原到第四段hairraising A hairraisingsection concernsthe buildingof the(牵涉)令人毛骨悚然的一段railroads,which entaileddrilling throughthe Rockies,often inblinding snowstorms.,与铁路建设有关,这需要在令人眩目的暴风雪中穿越落基山脉应选C【解析】推理推断题此题询问这篇文章是什么?依据第一段
27.B What isthe text TheirstayinElkheadisthesubject ofNothing Daunted:The UnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsinthe WestbyDorothyWickenden,who is她们在埃尔克黑德的停留是无所畏惧:两个社会女岁毛西a magazineeditor andDorothy Woodruffsgranddaughter.方的意外教育一书的主题,作者多萝西・威肯登是一名杂志编辑,也是多萝西・伍德拉夫的孙女,和第三段InWickenderfs book,she expandedon thehistory of the Westand alsoon feminism,which ofcourse influencedthegirls*.在威肯登的书中,她延长到了了西方历史和女权主义,这当然影响了女孩们去埃尔克decision to go to Elkhead黑德的打算可推断,本篇文章是一个书评,应选B其次节精深语篇
一、高频核心词汇富有的,丰富的wealthy/wel0i/adj.不寻常的大事,意外之事;惊异,惊异surprise/sS praiz/n.settlement/set
二、词性转换财宝;富有一.富有的;
1.wealth n.wealthy adj使定居;安排;安置;一移民;殖民者;早期开拓者一
2.settle v.settler n.,教授,指导.(高校的)讲师.有教育意义的;有启发性的一
1.1nstruct v-instructor n—instructive adjinstruction指示;叮嘱;命令;教学;讲授;传授;指导;指令;n.预期;期望;预料一期盼;期望;预期一,未料到的;
4.expect v.vt.expectationn.unexpected adj隐私;
5.private—privacy n.伸开;张开;绽开;伸展;绽开.具体表达;扩展一扩张;扩大
6.expand vt.vi expansionn.蔷薇花;月季花一,玫瑰色的;
7.rose n.rosy adj(大小、外形等)不同.不同的;有差异的一各种各样的;很多的一
8.vary v.—varying adjvarious adj.variety变化;多样化;各式各样n.
三、熟词生义nstruct熟义v.指示;命令;叮嘱生义原文教授,传授〔技能等)v.So for them tomove toElkhead,Colo,to instructthe childrenwhose shoes were held together with stringwas asurprise.译文因此,对他们来说,搬到科罗拉多州的埃尔克黑德去教那些穷得用绳子把鞋子系在一起的孩子们是一个惊喜分析在本句中意为(教授,传授(技能等))〃“to teachsb sth,especially apractical skill
2.concern.熟义九(尤指很多人共同的)担忧,忧虑生义影响,涉及,牵涉〔某人)原文(牵涉)A hairraisingsection concernsthe buildingof therailroads,which entaileddrilling throughthe Rockies,often inblinding snowstorms.译文令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关,这需要在令人眩目的暴风雪中穿越落基山脉分析在本句中意为(影响,涉及,牵涉(某人))〃“to affectsb;to involvesb
3.expand熟义扩大,增加,增加(尺码、数量或重要性)v.生义培训;训练原文In Wickendensbook,she expandedon thehistory of the Westand alsoon feminism,which ofcourse influencedthegirls*decisiontogotoElkhead.译文在威肯顿的书中,她具体阐述了西部和女权主义的的历史,这当然影响了女孩们去艾尔克海德的打算
4.drill熟义钻〔孔);打(眼)v.生义培训;训练原文(牵步)A hairraisingsection concernsthe buildingof therailroads,which entailed7drilling throughthe Rockies,often inblinding snowstorms.译x令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关,这需要在令人眩目的暴风雪中穿越落基山脉训练分析在本句中意为(培训;训练)〃toteachsb todo sthby makingthem repeatit a lot oftimes
5.concern.熟义儿(尤指很多人共同的〕担忧,忧虑生义与…有关;涉及v.原文(牵步)Ahairraisingsectionconcernsthebuildingof therailroads,which entailed7drilling throughtheRockies,often inblinding snowstorms.译x令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关,这需要在令人眩目的暴风雪中穿越落基山脉训练分析在本句中意为“(细谈;详述;具体说明)〃to talkmore;to adddetails towhat youare saying分析在本句中意为(与…有关;涉及)〃“to beabout sth
6.blanket熟义九毯子;毛毯生义几厚层;厚的掩盖层原文They movedin witha localfamily,the Harrisons,and,like them,had littleprivacy,rare baths,and ablanket ofsnowon theirquilt whenthey wokeup inthe morning..译文他们搬进了当地的一个家庭,哈里森一家,和他们一样,几乎没有隐私,几乎不洗澡,当早上醒来时被子上还有厚厚的一层雪分析在本句中意为(厚层;厚的掩盖层)〃“ta thicklayer orcovering ofsth
1.5weep熟女以扫;清扫;清扫生义广泛性;广博的范围;广度n.原文[坚忍)The sweepof theland and the stoicismof thepeople moveher tosome beautifulwriting.译文这片土地也朝阔和人们的坚忍不拔使她写出了一些漂亮的文字分析在本句中意为(广泛性;广“the range of anidea,a pieceof writing,etc.that considersmany differentthings博的范围;广度)〃
1.6weep熟义乜扫;清扫;清扫生义广泛性;广博的范围;广度n.原文(坚忍)The sweepof theland and the stoicismof thepeople moveher tosome beautifulwriting.译文这片土地也袁阔和人们的坚忍不拔使她写出了一些漂亮的文字一分析在本句中意为(广泛性;广“the rangeof anidea,a pieceof writing,etc.that considersmany differentthings博的范围;广度)〃
9.move熟义(使)转变位置,移动u生义使感动;打动v.原文[坚忍)The sweepof theland andthe stoicismof thepeople moveher tosome beautifulwriting.译文这片土地的宽阔和人们的坚忍不拔使她写出了一些漂亮的文字分析在本句中意为(使感动;打动)〃“to causesb to have strongfeelings,especially ofsympathy orsadness
10.mark熟义做记号;做标记R生义留下痕迹;弄污;使有污点V.原文The snowwas markedonly bysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,and varyinghares,which turnedwhite inthewinter.译文雪地上只更小动物留下的痕迹狐狸、小狼、老鼠和各种野兔,它们在冬天变成白色分析在本句中意为(留“to makea markon sth inaway thatspoils ordamages it;to beespoilt ordamaged in this way下痕迹;弄污;使有污点)〃
11.review熟义〃.评审,审查,检查,检讨〔以进行必要的修改)生义几写〔关于书籍、戏剧、电影等的)评论;评介原文A bookreview.译文书评分析在本句中意为(写(关“to writea reportof a book,play,film/movie,etc.in whichyou giveyour opinionof it于书籍、戏剧、电影等的)评论;评介)〃
12.entry熟义进入(指行动)n.生义九(日记)片段;【字典)词条原文A diaryentry.译X一篇日tj、分析在本句中意为((日记)“a pieceof writinginadiary,or ina bookcontaining informationsuch as a dictionary片段;(字典)词条)〃\
四、词汇应用subject()谈话;书籍LN.]l ofconversation/book学校的学科;科目;课程
一、、©at school/college
③接受试验者;试验对A personor thingbeing used to studysth.,especially in an experiment象We seemtohavegot offthesubjectwe aremeant to be discussing.我们好像偏离了应当争论的追题Biology ismy favouritesubject.生物息我最喜爱的学科We needmale subjectsbetween theages of18and25fortheexperiment.我们需要至岁之间的男性来较受试验1825[ADJ.]
④〜to sth.likely to be affectedby sth.especially sth.bad.可能受・..影响的;逐患病...的
②〜to sth.depending onsthinorder to bepleted oragreed取决手;视・・・而定
③〜to sth.under the authority ofsth./sb.受・・・支配;听从于…Flight aresubject todelay becauseof thefog.由手有雾,航班可能延误The articleis readyto publish,subject toyour approval.那篇文章预备好了,可以发表,就等祢批准了All nuclearinstallations aresubject tointernational safeguards.一唳设施均须执行国际防护措施【】
①v・〜sth.to sth.to bringa countryor group of peopleunder yourcontrol,especially byusing force.而服;是服从;压制The RomanEmpire subjectedmost ofEurope to its rule.罗马帝国把欧洲多数也区置于自己的统治之下
五、核心词块-无所畏惧,毫不气馁;nothing daunted搬来和某人一起居住;move in with sb厚厚的一层雪;ablanketofsnow详述,充分表达;expand on/upon sth以结束;end with满月,圆月;full moon观光,巡游;dosightseeing生活条件livingconditions
六、长卷句分析l.So forthem tomove toElkhead.Colo to instructthechildrenwhose shoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwas a()surprise.Para.1分析本句为主从复合句主句为定语从句forthemtomovetoElkhead.Colo,toinstructthechildrenwas asurprise.对名词进行修饰和限定whoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstring thechildren翻译所以对她们来说,前往科罗拉多州埃尔克山去教那里的孩子是一件令人惊讶的事,这些孩子的鞋子都是用细绳绑起来的.原句2They movedinwitha localfamily,the Harrisons,and,like them,had littleprivacy,rare baths,and ablanket ofsnowon theirquilt whenthey wokeup inthe morning.分析一本句为主从复合句并列连词连接两个并列谓语和引导时间状语从句and movedhad When译文他们搬进了当地的一个家庭,哈里森一家,和他们一样,几乎没有隐私,几乎不洗澡,当早上醒来时被子上还有一层雪
3.In Wickendensbook,she expandedon thehistory of theWestand alsoon feminism,which ofcourse influencedthe girlsdecisiontogotoElkhead.分析本句为主从复合句引导非限制性定语从句,为插入语which ofcourse翻译在威肯登的书中,她具体表达了西方的历史和女权主义,这当然影响了女孩们去埃尔克海德的打算第三节实战演练典例根底练★★L(浙江月卷*阅读理解篇)Passage120217AI aman activeplaygoer andplay-reader,and perhapsmy bestreason forediting thisbook isa hopeof sharingmyenthusiasm forthe theaterwith others.To dothis Ihave searchedthrough dozensof playstofindthe onesthat Ithink bestshowthe powerand purposeof theshort play.(居作家)Each playhasatheme orcentral ideawhich theplaywright Uhopes toget acrossthrough dialogueandaction.A fewcharacters areusedtocreate asingle impressiongrowing out of thetheme.lt isnot myintention topoint outthecentral themeof eachof theplaysin thiscollection,for thatwould,indeed,ruin thepleasure ofreading,discussing,andthinking about theplaysandtheeffectiveness oftheplaywright.However,a varietyof typesis representedhere.These(多面性)include edy,satire,poignant drama,historical andregional drama.To showthe versatilityoftheshortplay,I haveincludeda guidanceplay,a radioplay and a televisionplay.Among thewriters oftheplaysinthiscollection,Paul Green,Susan GlaspelhMaxwell Anderson,Thornton Wilder,William Saroyan,and TennesseeWilliams haveall receivedPulitzer Prizesfor theircontributions to the theater.Moreinformation about theplaywrightswill befound atthe endof thisbook.To getthe mostoutofreading theseplays,try topicture theplay onstage,with you,the reader,intheaudience.The(变暗〕houselights dim.The curtainsare aboutto open,and ina fewminutes theaction anddialogue willtell youthe story.【分析】这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了作者的书箱的序言局部,包括其编写目的,书箱内容主体,以及如何实现有乐趣的阅读本书的建议【解答】⑴细节理解题依据文章第一段内容B.perhapsmy bestreason forediting thisbook isa hopeof sharingmy(或许我编辑这本二竹的最好理由是盼望与他人共享我对戏剧的热忱)可知,enthusiasm forthe theaterwith others作者对于戏剧饱含热外应选B细节理解题依据文章其次段内容[2[A.It isnot myintention topoint outthecentralthemeofeachoftheplaysin thiscollection,for thatwould,indeed,ruin thepleasure ofreading,discussing,and thinkingabout theplaysandtheeffectiveness.〔我无意指出本系列中每部戏剧的中心主题,由于这的确会破坏阅读、争论和思索戏剧的乐趣以oftheplaywright及剧作家的效率)可知,作者防止陈述戏剧的中心思想应选A细节理解题依据文章末尾段内容[3[C.To getthe mostoutofthe reading theseplays,try topicture theplay onstage,(要想从阅读这些剧本中获得最大的收获,试着在舞台上描绘这部坐,和读者一with you,the reader,intheaudience.起、,至观众匹)可知,作者建议读者阅读戏剧的时候,使用想象力应选C⑷B.文章体裁题依据文章首段内容I aman activeplaygoer andplay-reader,and perhapsmybestreasonforeditingthis我是——个乐观的戏居【爱好者和戏剧读者,或bookisahopeofsharingmy enthusiasmforthe theaterwithothers1J许我编辑这本书的最好理由是盼望与他人共享我对戏剧的热忱)再结合全文内容可推知,作者通过该文章介绍自己的一本书一篇短篇小说;一本书的介绍;一篇戏剧评论;A.A shortstory B.An introductionto a book C.A playreview剧院广告应选D.An advertisementfor atheater B(新高考卷*阅读理解篇)Passage22021I CInthe mid-1990s,Tom Bisselltaught Englishasa volunteer in Uzbekistan.He leftafter sevenmonths,physically brokenandhaving losthis mind.A fewyears later,still attractedto thecountry,he returnedto Uzbekistanto writean article about thedisappearance ofthe Aral Sea.His visit,however,ended upinvolving a lot morethan that.Hence thisbook,Chasing theSeaLost Amongthe GhostsofEmpire in Central Asia,which talksabout aroad tripfrom Tashkentto Karakalpakstan,where millionsof liveshave beendestroyedby theslow dryingupofthe sea.lt isthe storyof anAmerican travellingtoa strange land,and ofthepeoplehe meetsonhis wayRustam,his translator,a lovely24-year-old whopicked uphis colorfulEnglish inCalifornia,Oleg andNatasha,his hostsin Tashkent,and astring offoreign aidworkers.This isa quicklook atlife inUzbekistan,made offriendliness andwarmth,but alsoits darker side of society.InSamarkand,Mr Bisselladmires thearchitectural wonders,while onhis wayto Bukharahe getsa tasteof policemethods when(葬礼)suspected ofdrug dealing.In Ferghana,he attendsa mountainfuneral followedby astrange drinking party.A ndinKarakalpakstan,he issaddened bythe duststorms,diseases andfishing boats stuck miles fromthe sea.Mr Bissellskillfully organizeshistorical insightsand culturalreferences,making his tale awell-rounded pictureofUzbekistan,seen fromWestern eyes.His judgmentand referencesare decidedlyAmerican,as wellas hisdelicate stomach.Asthe authorexplains,this isneither a travel nora historybook,or evena pieceof reportage.Whatever it is,the result isafine andvividdescription ofthe purestof CentralAsian traditions.
123456781.What madeMr Bissellreturnto UzbekistanA.His friends1invitation.B.His interestinthecountry.C.His love for teaching.D.His desireto regainhealth.
2.What doesthe underlinedword thatin paragraph2refer toA.Developing aserious mentaldisease.
8.Taking aguided tourinCentralAsia.C.Working asavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.Writing an articleaboutthe AralSea.
3.Which ofthe followingbest describesMr Bisselfsroad tripin UzbekistanA.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.
4.What isthe purposeof thistext A.To introduceabook.B.To explaina culturalphenomenon.C.To remembera writer.D.To remendatraveldestination.【分析】本文是一篇故事类记叙文,主要介绍了比塞尔记录他在回乌兹别克斯坦途中发生的事情,生动描述了最纯粹的中亚传统【解答】⑴细节理解题依据第一段的B.A fewyears later,still attractedto thecountry.he returnedto Uzbekistan几年后,仍旧被这个国家所吸弓他回到乌to writean articleaboutthedisappearance oftheAraSea”1Bissell I兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消逝的文章)因此推断出对这个国家的爱好让先生再次返回乌兹别克Bissell斯坦应选B)作词指
①题划线句是其次段首句,用来指代上文提的事情,因此推断指代第一段的内容,[2D.that that依据第一段最终一句A fewyears later,still attractedtothecountry,he returnedtoUzbekistanto writeanarticle〔儿年后,仍旧被这个国家所吸引他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于aboutthedisappearanceofthe AralSea咸海消逝的文章)”可知,指代写了一篇关于死海消逝的文章这件事,应选that D)推理推断题依据第三段[3B.This isa quicklook atlife inUzbekistan,made offriendliness andwarmth,butalso itsdarkersideofsociety.In Samarkand,Mr Bisselladmires thearchitectural wonders,while onhis wayto Bukhara(葬礼)he getsa tasteof policemethods whensuspected ofdrug dealing.In Ferghana,he attendsa mountainfuneralfollowed byastrangedrinkingparty.And inKarakalpakstan,he issaddened bythe duststorms,diseases andfishing〔在乌兹别克鲂坦的旅途中,既体会到了友善和暖和,也看到了社boatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”Mr Bissell会的黑暗面在撒马尔罕,观赏到了的建筑奇观在前往布哈拉的路上,他由于被疑心进行交易,Mr Bissell他尝到了警察的手段在费尔干纳,他参与了一个山区葬礼,然后参与了一个惊异的酒会在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦,他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难受)由此可知,在旅途中,他经受了很多事情结合选项,选项(布满大事的,多事的)可以表达此意浪漫的;.多事的;B A.Romantic.B.Eventful C.Pleasant开心的;危急的应选D.Dangerous B)写作意图题文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行,引出他写的书,接下来三段叙述了他[4A.的书追赶大海迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵的故事内容,是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观看因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书应选A典例2力量提升练★★★(新高考卷*阅读理解篇)Passage12020II CInMay1987the Golden Gate Bridgehad a50th birthdayparty.The bridgewas closed to motor traffic so peoplecould enjoya walkacross it.Organizers expectedperhaps50,000people toshow up.Instead,as manyas800,000crowded theroads tothe bridge.By thetime250,000were on the bridge,engineers noticedsomething terribletheroadway was flattening under what turned outtobe the heaviest load it hadever beenasked tocarry.Worse,it was(晃动)beginning tosway.The authoritiesclosed accesstothe bridge andtens ofthousands ofpeople madetheir waybackto land.A disasterwas avoided.The storyis one of scoresin ToForgive DesignUnderstanding Failure,abookthat isat oncea loveletter to赞歌)engineering anda paean1toitsbreakdowns.Its author,Dr.Henry Petroski,has longbeen writingabout(航天飞机)disasters.In thisbook,he includesthe lossofthespace shuttlesChallenger andColumbia,andthesinkingof theTitanic.Though heacknowledges thatengineering workscan fail because theperson who thought them up or engineeredthem simplygot thingswrong,inthisbook Dr.Petroski widenshis viewto considerthe larger context in which suchfailuresoccur.Sometimes devicesfail becausea gooddesign isconstructed withlow quality materials inpetentlyapplied.Or perhapsa designworks sowell itis adoptedelsewhere againand again,with seeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,it doesnot workat allanymore.Readers willencounter notonly storiesthey haveheard before,but somenew storiesandamoving discussionofthe responsibility ofthe engineer tothe public andthe ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.“Success issuccess butthat isall thatitis,Dr.Petroski writes.ltisfailure that brings improvement.
1.What happenedtothe GoldenGate Bridge onits50th birthdayA.It carriedmore weightthan itcould.B.It swayedviolently ina strongwind.C.Its roadwaywas damagedby vehicles.D.Its accesswas blockedby manypeople.
2.Which ofthe followingis Dr.Petroski!s ideaaccording toparagraph3A.No design is wellreceived everywhere.B.Construction is more importantthan design.C.Not alldisasters arecaused byengineering design.D.Improvements onengineering worksare necessary.
3.What doesthe last paragraph suggestA.Failure canlead toprogress.B.Success resultsin overconfidence.C.Failure shouldbe avoided.D.Success esfrom jointefforts.
4.What isthetextA.A newsreport.B.A shortstory.C.A bookreview.D researcharticle【分析】这是一篇说明文主要叙述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书原谅设计理解失败的评论,工程设计可能会由于某些缘由带来失败,但失败才能带来进步【解答】().细节理解题依据文章第一段1A InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50th birthdayparty.Thebridge wasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecould enjoya walkacross it.Organizers expectedperhaps50,000people toshowup.Instead,as manyas800,000crowded theroads tothe bridge.By thetime250,000were onthebridge,engineers noticedsomething terriblethe roadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobe theheaviestloadithad可以看出,年月,金门大桥进行了一个岁ever beenasked tocarry.Worse,it wasbeginning tosway”1987550生日聚会这座桥禁止机动车通行,人们可以在桥上漫步组织者估计将有万人到场相反,多达5万人挤满了通往大桥的道路当万人在桥上时,工程师们留意到了一个可怕的现象路面在被要求承8025载的最重荷载作用下变得平了更糟的是,它开头晃动因此可以看出,金门大桥岁生日那天,它的重50量超过了它的承受力量应选A()推理推断题依据文章第三段2C.Though heacknowledges thatengineering workscan failbecause thepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthem simplygot thingswrong,inthisbook Dr.Petroski widenshis viewtoconsider thelargercontextin whichsuch failuresoccur.Sometimes devicesfailbecausea gooddesignisconstructedwith lowqualitymaterialsinpetently applied.Or perhapsa designworks sowell itis adoptedelsewhere againand again,可知,虽然他成认工程设with seeminglyharmless improvements,until,suddenly,it doesnot workat allanymore.”计可能会由于那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败,但在这本书中,彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野,考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景有时,由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建筑的,所以装置会失败或者,一个设计工作得如此好,以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采纳,用好像是无害的改良,直到突然间,它完全不起作用了因此可以推想出,依据第三段,不是全部的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法应选C()细节理解题依据文章最终一段的失败才能带来进步因此可3A.It isfailure thatbrings improvement.”以看出,项与此相照应,即失败能带来进步,应选A A
(4)C.推理推断题依据文章其次段The storyis oneof scoresin ToForgive DesignUnderstanding Failure,abookthat isat oncea loveletter toengineering anda paean(赞歌)to itsbreakdowns.”可知,这个故事是?原谅设计理解失败一书中的一个,这本书既是对工程的一封情书,也是对其崩溃的赞歌并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价,再依据倒数其次段的Readers willencounter notonly storiesthey haveheardbefore,but somenew storiesandamoving discussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandtheways可知,读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事,还会遇到一些新的youngengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何关心年轻工程师把握它们的动人争论再结合最终一段It isfailure可知,失败才能带来进步因此可以推想出,这些内容都是关于这本书的评论,由thatbringsimprovement.”于这篇文章是书评.一那么新闻报道;个小故事;书评;A.A newsreport B.A shortstoryL C.A bookreview.一篇争论文章应选D.A researcharticle.Co(湖北卷*阅读理解篇)Passage22015EScience hasalotof uses.It canuncover lawsof nature,cure diseases,make bombs,and helpbridges tostand up.[诱惑)Indeed scienceis sogood atwhat itdoes thattheres alwaysa temptationto dragit intoproblems whereit maynotbe helpful.David Brooks,author ofThe Social AnimalThe HiddenSources ofLove,Character,andAchievement,appears tobethelatest ina longline ofwriters whohave failedto resistthe temptation.Brooks gainedfame forseveral books.His latestbook The SocialAnimal,however,ismoreambitious andseriousthan hisearlier books.It isan attemptto dealwithaset ofweighty topics.The bookfocuses onbig questionsWhat hassciencerevealed abouthuman natureWhat arethe sourcesof characterAnd whyare somepeople happyandsuccessful whileothers arent[学科).To answerthese questions,Brooks surveysa widerangeofdisciplines Consideringthis,you mightexpect(特另规的),the booktobea dryrecitation offacts.But Brookshas structuredhisbookinanunorthodox llandperhaps unfortunate,way.Instead ofintroducing scientifictheories,he tellsa story,within whichhe triesto makehispoints,perhaps inorder tokeep thereaders attention.So asHarold and Erica,the heroand heroinein hisstory,livethrough childhood,we hearaboutthescience ofchild development,and asthey beginto datewe hearaboutthetheoryof sexualattraction.Brooks carriesthis throughtothedeath ofoneofhis characters.On thewhole,Brooks*sstoryis acceptableif uninspired.As onewould expect,his writingis mostlyclear and,to befair,some chaptersstand outabove therest.I enjoyed,for instance,the chapterinwhichHarold discovershow tothink onhisown.While HaroldandEricaare certainlynot strongor memorablecharacters,the moreserious problemswith TheSocialAnimal lieelsewhere.These problemspartly involveBrooks*s attemptto translatehistaleinto science.l.The authormentions thefunctions ofscience atthe beginningofthepassage to・A.illustrate wherescience canbe appliedB・demonstrate thevalue ofBrookss newbookC・remind thereader ofthe importanceof scienceD.explain whymany writersuse sciencein theirworks
2.According tothe author,which ofthe followingcould bea strengthofthe bookA.Its strongbasis.B.Its convincingpoints.C.Its clearwriting.D.Its memorablecharacters.
3.What isthe authorsgeneral attitudetowards thebookA.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.
4.What isthe authorlikely towrite aboutafter thelastparagraph A.Problems withthebook.B・Brooks*s lifeexperiences.C-Death ofthe characters.D.Brookss translationskills.【分析】本文是一篇说明文介绍了的书并告知我们在这本书中他如何运用David BrooksTheSocialAnimaL科学方面的学问来阐述他的故事,并指出这本书的优点和缺乏【解答】推理推断题依据首段第
一、二句1D.Science hasalotof canuncover lawsof nature,cure diseases,make.科学有很多用途,它可以揭示自然规律,治疗疾病,制造炸弹,关心桥梁耸bombs,and helpbridges tostand up立起来可知首先列举出科学的很多功能,接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力,以致很多作家抵抗不住这种诱惑,在文学作品中运用到科学应选D.⑵C.细节理解题依据最终一段中his writingis mostlyclear and,tobefair,some chaptersstand outabove therest•他的写作根本清楚明白,公正地说,有些章节比其他章节更突出可知,作者认为写作思路清楚是这本书的一大优势应选C.观点态度题依据最终一段中的连接词”之前是这本书的优势,其后作者指出了其缺乏因此作[3D.while”者对这部书持批判的态度冲突的;支持的;谨慎的;批判的A.Contradictory B.Supportive C.Cautious D.Critical应选D.推理推断题.文章最终一段中连接词后面局部开头谈论这本书存在的问题因此作者紧接着应当[4A.while”还是在写这本存在的问题应选A.
1.What dowe knowabouttheauthor fromthe firstparagraphA.He haswritten dozensofplays.B.He hasa deeploveforthetheater.C.He isa professionalstage actor.D.He likesreading shortplaystoothers.
2.What doestheauthoravoid doingin hisworkA.Stating theplays1central ideas.B.Selecting worksby famousplaywrights.C.Including varioustypes ofplays.D.Offering informationontheplaywrights.
3.What doestheauthorsuggest readersdo whilereadingtheplaysA.Control theirfeelings.B.Apply theiracting skills.C.Use theirimagination.D.Keep theiraudience inmind.4,Whatisthis textA.A shortstory.B.An introductiontoabook.C.A playreview.D.An advertisementfor atheater.。