还剩28页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
Prefixes共同.(和…)一起co-,com-,con-,col-,cor-toaether:with8-表示“共同”,通常放在元音词根前合作(操作f共司操作f合作)cooperation co+operation I共存(存在)coexist co+exist协调同等的(顺序顺序一样f同等的引申为平等;协调)coordinate co+ordin+atef合著者coauthor表示共同”com-.con-联合,结合(捆一捆在一起f结合)同情(爱国者f同胞)combine com+binc compassioncom+passion赞扬;推荐(信任;命令大家信任f赞扬;commend com+mend比较(平等起平等一比较)紧密的;合同(压紧f全comparison com+pari+sonf——compact com+pact部压紧f紧密的)安慰(加强f[精神]强大f安慰)同时代的(comfort com+fort contemporarycon+tempor时间-同时间的)结束;总结(关闭f全部关闭f结束)坚定;证实(+ary concludecon+clude confirmcon+firm坚定)冲突(打f一起打斗f冲突)conflict con+flict在同辅音词根前,表示“共同“协作;合著(劳动共同劳动col-,cor collaborationcol+labor+ationf colleague同事(捆绑f捆绑在一起的人f同事)收集(选择f放在一起选择f收集)col+f leaguecollect col+lect correct改正,纠正(正f全部改正f纠正)cor+rect通信;符合(反应f共同反应f相互通信)correspond cor+respond内部的,向内的in-,im-in;into冲动(跳动f冲动)impulse im+pulse含蓄的(重叠进入重叠f不直说f储蓄的)implicit im+plic+itf天生的(出生的)inborn in+born有灵感的(有呼吸的f有生命的,有灵感的)户内的(门f门内的)inspired in+spired indoorin+door否定,相反,不足ir■:not不人道的(人道的)inhuman in+human不公正(公正)injustice in+justice积习难改的(可改正的)incorrigible in+corrigible多变的,无常的(稳定的)inconstant in+constant冷漠的(不同的一同与不同的“事不关己“一冷漠的)indifferent in+different不道德的(道德的)immoral im+moral公平的(有偏见的)impartial im+partial无礼的(礼貌的)impolite im+polite表示微,小”micro-small电话(声音f远方声音传过来)telephone n tele+phone望远镜(看一看远方f望远镜)telescope ntele+scope电视(看看远方f通过电看f电视)television ntele+vis+ionf・表示来”vene-:come冒险,冒险做(来到[危险]f冒险)venture vn.vent+ure事件(出出来的事f事件)event nc+vcnff发明,创造(进走进来f发明出)invent vin+venff防止,阻止(预先预先来到f抢先一步,防止别人)prevent vpre+vcnff大路,道路(让人可以走来走去)avenue n表示“叫喊,声音”■VOC-,-vok-call voice,声音的vocal a职业;使命([受到]召唤f有职业)vocation nvoc+ationf词汇([二词]词汇)vocabulary nvocabul vocable+aryf拥护;倡议(增强增强声音f拥护)advocate vad+voc+atef触怒,煽动(前面到[别人]面前喊一激怒)provoke vpro+vok+©f Suffixes表形容词,“可…的,能…”■able,-ible capable of:fit for可知的knowable a易燃的(点燃)inflammable ainflame想象得出的(设想,想象)conceivable aconceive不可征服的(不战胜)invincible ain+vinc+ible可行的,合理的(做…可做的)feasible afeas+ible无法抵抗的(不抵抗)irresistible air+resist+ible丽的分*害!00000000000000000000000000OOOOOOOOOExercise4Try toguess themeaning of the italicized word or phrase in each of the following sentences according to word analysis
1.The firstthing Jimdid whenhe gotoff thetrain wasto lookfor aporter.a.one whosells ticketsb.taxicab c,one whocarries luaaaae分析搬运工porter nport+er
2.No matterwhat Fredsaid,Noam contradictedhim.c,said theopposite b.shouted athim c.did notlisten tohim分析反驳;矛盾说f反着说f反驳contradict contra+dict
3.The doctoris aspecialist inthe humanrespiratory system.a.digestive b.nerve c.breathinq分析呼吸的(二表示呼吸)respiratory a.spir breathe,
4.He circumven tedthe problem.a.went around;avoided b.solved c.Described分析回避(走f绕圈走f回避)circumvent circum+vent
5.They importedJapanese cars.分析进口a.sold carsto Japan b,bought carsfrom Japanc.did notbuy carsfrom Japanimported adj.的(进口;意味着(进拿进港口))import vim+porffb.He goesto workby subway.c.underground railwayb.railway abovethe groundc.railway betweentwo hills分析地铁(表示在下面)subway n.sub-
7.If the temperature issub-zero,thetemperatureis.a,above zerob.below zeroc.at zero
8.A supermarketis aself-service storeselling food,household goods,etc.
1.small b.medium-sized c.larqeExercise5Complete the following sentences according to word analysis
1.An anti-tank weaponis aweapon againsttasks.
2.Interstate tradeis tradebetweer/amosg states.
3.If yousubmerge anobject,you putit in/below thesurface ofwater.
4.A transatlantictrip is a tripthat goesacrossthe AtlanticOcean.
5.Intra-family affairsare theaffairs inthe family.
6.Ante-Christmas meansbeforeChristmas.超声波
7.Supersonic speedis thespeed which is greater/fastzrthan thespeed ofsound.
8.Postgraduate studentsare thosewho studyafter takinga firstacademic degree.Exercise6Analyze the following wordsaccording toword-formation.支持(带f带来支持)l.support vsup+port(信等)附言(后写在后面f附言)
2.postscript npost+scripff电话(声音f远方声音传过来
3.telephone ntele+phone电报(写,画)
4.telegram ntele+gram电视(看看远方f通过电看f电视)
5.television ntele+vis+ionfExercise7Put theletter of the suitabledefinition nextto eachwordGroup
11.d anterooma.capableof being carriedeasily
2.b flexibleb.able tobend withoutbreaking;not stiff
3.aportable c.something whichhappens orexists beforeanother thing
4.c antecedentd.a roomforming anentrance toanother oneGroup
21.a superscripta.letter or symbol writtenabove orto theside of another one
2.dtransport b.a boss
3.c transmitc.to carryfrom oneplace toanother overa distance
4.bsupervisor d.to sendfrom oneperson orplace toanotherGroup
31.b revokea.to cometogether asa group
2.a conveneb.to callback;cancel
3.d telemeterc.to drawa linearound
4.c circumscribed.an instrument for measuringthe distanceof anobject farfrom theobserverGroup
41.csubsequent a.the examinationof onesown thought
2.aintrospection b.to comebetween pointsof time and events
3.b intervenec.following intime,order orplace
4.dconsequence d.a logicalresult orconclusionPrefixes表示不•非”non-no:not不存在的(存在的)nonexistent a.non+existent不准吸烟的(吸烟的)nonsmoking a.non+smoking直达的(停止f不停f直达的)nonstop a.non+stop表示“不,无”an-:no;without:lackina()非道德的,没有是非观念的amoral=not moral()非典型地atypically=not typically无政府主义(统治无统治无政府主义)不和谐的(和anarchism an+arch+ismf anharmonican+hamonic谐的f不和谐的)匿名的(名字匿名的)anonymous an+onym+ousf表示“不,无,非,没有“un-no;not不真实(真实的)unreal un+real不平等的(平等的)unequal un+equal不幸的(幸运的)unfortunate un+for+unate无条件的(有条件的)unconditional un+conditional无限的(有限的)unlimitted un+limited非尘世的(世俗的)unworldly un+worldly未受教育的(有教养的)uneducated un+educated未开化的(文明的)uncivilized un+civilized未决定的(决定的)undecided un+decided表示11善,好”bene-well好处,利益(做一做事后的好处一利益)benefit benc+fit仁慈的,善行的(做做好事的)beneficent bene+fic+enff祝福(说说好话)benediction bene+dict+ionf表示“两个,两”bi-tw双周刊(星期两星期)biweekly bi+week+lyf双语种的(语言双语的)bilingual bi+lingu+al—一年两次的([年]一年两次的)biannual bi+ann+ua|f();()表示错误,坏mis■:wronaly badly wronaly错误(拿拿错错误)mistake mis+take拼写错误(拼写)misspell mis+spell误解(理解)misunderstand mis+understand坏事(做事)misdoing mis+doing对…施暴政(统治一统治不善)misrule mis+rule不幸(幸运的)misfortune mis+fortune不信任(相信)mistrust mis+trust表示“单个,一个“mono-:one;alone君主,独裁者(统治者f一个统治者)monarch[monok]mon+arch——夫——妻制(婚姻)monogamy[monogami]mono+gamy独白(说话一一个人说话f独白)monologue mono+logue垄断(独家卖f垄断)monopoly[menopeli]mono+polyf单调的(声音个声音f单调的)monotonous[manotanes]mono+ton+ousf——表示多many一妻多制(男人)polyandry[policEndri]poly+andry多音节的polysyllabic表示共同,相同”syn-.sym-with;toaether同情(感情)sympathy sym+pathy交响乐(声音)symphony sym+phony对称(测量f两边测量一样f对称)symmetry sym+mctry专题讨论会(放放在一起(讨论)f专题讨论)symposium sym+pos+iumf同时发生的(时间共同时间的)synchronous syn+chron+ousf同义词(名字f名字相同f同义词)synonym[sinanim]syn+onym Stems・・・.表示人,人类”anthro.anthroD-:man.human人类学(学科)anthropology[cenOropolad^i]anthrop+ology博爱主义者(爱人+表人的名词后缀f博爱家)philanthropist[fiIcEnOropist]phil+anthrop ist(主要的)■archchief大主教archbishop主要敌人archenemy主要竞争对手archrival表示“做,制作”■fact-feet-:make;do使容易(能够f使能够做f使容易)facilitate vfac+ilitale便利;便利设备(容易让人做事)facility n要素;动力(促使人做的东西f要素;动力)factor nfact+orf捐助者;恩人(好「做好事的人)benefactor nbene+fact+o f善事;恩惠(好)benefaction nbene+fact+ion宗派,小集团([一帮人]做f小集团)faction nfact+ionf制造(业)(手手做f制造业(机器发明前用手做))前用的手做))manufacturea manu+fact+uref影响;感动(使使人做f影响)affect vaf+fecff受感动的;假装的(影响被影响的f被感动的)affected aaffect+edf感情;友情(感动一感情)affection naffect+ion—・表示婚姻gam■:marriage一夫一妻制(一个结婚一次f一夫一妻制)monogamy[monogami]n mono+gam+yf重婚罪(二次二次婚f重婚)bigamy fbigsmi]n bi+gam+y-表示“同类的-homo-same同类的;同族的(产生产生相同的)homogeneous homo+gen+cousf同性恋的(性别的)homosexual[heumesekjual]homo+sexual・一表示手”ma”,manu-hand办理;管理(用手做f引申为管理)manage vman+agef手工的手册(手)manual an man+ual明显的表明;证实(打击f用手打出f不隐藏f表明)manifest av mani+fest巧妙处理;操纵(一捆同时用手做一堆事情f巧妙处理)manipulate vmani+pul+atef手稿(手写f手写f手稿)manuscript n manu+script制造;加工(做用手做f制造)manufacture v/nmanu+fact+uref保持,维持([二手]拿用手拿住保持)maintain vmain man+tain・.表示形状”morDh-:form.shape形态学(学科)morphology[mo:folodji]n morph+o+logy地貌的(地)geomorphic[d3i«oumo fik]a geo+morph+ic人形的()anthropomorphous[cEn0repemo fas]a anthropoA+morph+ous多形的(多)polymorphic apoly+morph+ic表示名字”■onym-.-nomen-name署名的/有名字的()onymous[onimes]a onym+ous无名的,匿名的(无名)anonymous[enonimes]a an+onym+ous同名的(同同名的)homonymous[heumonimes]a homo+onym+ousf假名(假)pseudonym[sju dnim]n pseudo+onym同义词(同名f同名一同义词)synonym[sinonim]n syn+onym感情,痛苦,病-path-feelina:sufferina冷淡,漠不关心(无无感情)apathy na+pa+hyf冷漠的()apathetic aa+path+etic同情,怜悯(共同共同感情f同情)sympathy nsym+pathyf病理学(学科f病的学科f病理学)pathology npath+o+logy精神病人(精神精神病人)psychopath n psycho+pathf电疗法(电用电治病f电疗)electropathy nelectro+pathyf一.神-the-thQ qod神学(学科)theology ntheo+logy神学家(研究)theologian ntheo+log+ian泛神论者(泛人)pantheist npan+the+ist Suffixes表形容词,“与…有关的”-ic.-al relating to;having thenature of静态的(站)static astat+ic狂热的(狂热者)fanatic afan冷漠的(无感情)apathetic aa+pathet+ic混乱的(混乱)chaotic achao+t+ic个人的(人)personal a person大陆的(大陆)continental acontinent例外的(例夕卜)exceptional aexception地区性的(地区)regional aregion乡村的(乡村)rural arur+al表示“行为,现象,状态”-ism,-ist actionor practice;state or condition逃难现实(逃难)escapism nescape旅游(旅游)tourism ntour性别歧视(性别)sexism[seksizm]n sex「()墨守成规(方法)methodism meeediza m]n method狂热盲信(狂热者)fanaticism[fencE+isizm]n fanatic分裂(分裂]参考精神分裂症者)schism fsizm]n schi[=schist+ism schiz同类相食(原指加勒比土著,为一食人族)cannibalism[kcEnibelizm]n cannibalplagiarism[pleidRsrizm]剽窃(斜的做不正当事…剽窃)野蛮状态(原形容野人说n plagiar+ism…barbarism[baiberizm]n barbar话方式)(尤术语以…的,像…的-oid like;resemblinq M类人动物Humanoid creatures丽的分害(I kJ OooooooooooooooooooooooooooO O O OOOOExercise8Select thebest definitionof the italicized wordorphraseor answerthe question
1.The countrywas ruledby monarchfor500years.a,kina oraueen b.single familyc.group ofoldest citizens君主,独裁者(统治者f一个统治者)monarch mon+arch
2.He wasinterested inanthropology.人类学(学科)a.the studyof apesb.the studyof insectsc,the studyof mananthropology anthrop+ology
3.Some citizenssay theelection ofWilliam Blazerwill leadto anarchy.a.a governmentcontrolled byone manb.the absenceof acontrolling qovernmerrtc.an out-dated government无政府状态(无)anarchy an+archy
4.If aman is a bigamist,he.a.has twochildren b.will nevermarry c.is marriedto twowomen重婚者bigamist[bigamist]n.
5.Which of thefollowingpairs of words areantonym夕a.see,sea b.wet,dry c.big,large反义词,反义语antonym[cEntenim]n.b.He sayshe is an atheista.one whobelieves inone godb.one whobelieves inno qodc.one whobelieves inmany gods无神论者atheist feiOiist]n.
7.Dont listento hisnonsense.a.foolish talk;meaningless wordsb.beautiful wordsc.clever talk;meaningful words无意义的话(无感觉,意义f无意义)nonsense nnon+sense
8.He misunderstoodme.误解(a,understood wronglyb.understood rightlyc.did notunderstand misunderstandmis+understand理解)Exercise9Complete thefollowing sentencesaccording toword analysis
1.A non-conductor is a substancethat doesnotconductheat orelectric current.
2.A non-stop isa flightwithout astop.
3.If you are unemployed,you arenotemployed.
4.A manuscriptis thefirst oronly copyof abook ora pieceof writing,especially written by hand.
5.A homographisa word thathas thesame spellingas another,but isdifferent inmeaning,origin orpronunciation.Exercise10Put theletter of the properdefinition nextto eachword
1.b manuala.the practiceof orcondition of having manymarriage partners
2.a polygamyb.done bythe handor hands
3.里monogamy c.a wronglyapplied name;a mistakein naminga personor thing
4.c misnomerd.the practiceorconditionofhavingone marriagepartnerGroup1Group2神论
1.c monotheismtmoneOiuzm]n.——a.giving noname;of unknown authorship
2.d polytheismb.the scienceor studyof religioustruth
3.b theologyc.the beliefthat thereis onlyone god
4.a anonymousd.the beliefin morethan onegodG
1.roubpa3rchenemy a.resembling man
2.d sympathyb.a chiefor mainopponent
3.a anthropoidc.awordhaving thesame ornearly thesame meaningas another
4.c synonymd.agreement infeeling betweenpersonsGroup
41.mmisanthropea.a heareror listener
2.c archbishopb.a person who hateshis fellowman_支
3.auditorc.the chiefbishop of a province
4.d misprintd.a mistakein printingPrefixes表示“很多.很多”multi-many多种语言的(方向的).多方向的multilingual a.multi+lingual multidirectionala(方向的)多样的;多功能的(多的f多功能的)multi+directional multiplea.multi+pilef乘;繁殖(表动词f变多f乘)多种多样的(multiply a.multi+ply multiforma.multi+form形式)多种文化的(文化的).多媒体的multicultural a.multi+cultural multimediaQ(媒介)multi+media表示“半”semi-half半月刊(月刊)半殖民地(殖semimonthly semi+monthly semicolonysemi+colony民地)半导体(导体)半圆(semiconductor semi+conductor semicirclesemi+circle圆)半自动的(自动的)semiautomatic semi+automatic表示三tri■:three三角形(角)triangle tri+angle三轮脚踏车(什轮子)三倍的(叩二表示增加)tricycle i+cycle tripletri Ieply表示超出,超过“ultra-beyond「]超音速的(什声音的)超现代化的ultrasonic AllrSsonikul a+sonic ultramodern(现代化的)红外线的(红色的)ulira+modern ultraredultra+red[]紫外线的(紫色的)ultraviolet Altrevaialitultra+violet表示“一个,单一“one一贯的,一致的(形状)uniform uni+form独一无二(表形容词)unique uni+que dec-ten十年decade n.Stems・・・表示星星”aster.astro■:star,灾难,灾祸(坏+星f星位不正,表示有灾难)disaster disester天文学(学科f研究星星的学科)astronomy[estronemi]astro+nomy宇宙空间(空间)astrospace asiro+space宇航员(航行员)astronaut astro+naut天体物理学(物理学)asirophysics astro+physics星际的interstellar[intostela]a,・自己auto■:self独裁者(自己)autocrat[oitokrcEt]n auto+crat微型计算机a microcomputer显微镜(看f看小东西f显微镜)microscope micro+scope表示“宏伟,大”macro-:large宏观经济学macroeconomics宏观结构(结构)macros+ructure macro+structure(在…之)前pre-before战前的prewar学龄前的(学校f上学前的)preschool pre+school史前(历史)prehistory pre+history前缀(固定f固定在前面f前缀)prefix pre+fix(在…之)后post■:战后的postwar推迟(放f放到后面f推迟)postpone post+phone向后(的),回复(的);再,又re-.retro-backward;back;behind;aaain回想;反射(弯曲f反弯曲f反射)后退,撤退(拉f拉回来f撤退)reflect re+flect reireatre+1reat resist反抗柢抗(站f反着站f反抗)回顾,回想(看f向后看)重聚;re+sist retrospectrelro+spect reunite赞扬;推荐(赞扬f一再赞扬)recommend re+commendStem表示听-audi-.-audit-:hear听众;观众(表名词f听的人f听众)audience audi+ence听得见的;可听的(能…的)audible audi+ible听不见的(不)inaudible in+audi+ible礼堂;讲堂(场所f听的场所)auditorium audit+orium表示时间-chron-time长期的chroic编年史(表名词)chronicle chron+icle・表示“说话,断言“-die-,dici■:say;speak口授;命令;听写(说话f口授,命令)dictate vdict+ate发命令者;独裁者(发命令者)dictator ndictate+orf措词;词语的选择(说话状态f措词)diction ndict+ionf字典(措词的书f字典)dictionary ndic+ion+aryf反驳;否认(反一反说一反驳)contradict ncontra+dict矛盾的,对立的(反驳)contradictory acontradict+ory预言;预告(预先)predict vpre+dict预言;预告()prediction npredict+ion献身于,致力于(加强说再说f努力献身)dedicate vde+dic+a+0f亲笔字(自己自己写的字f亲笔字)autograph nauto+graphf汽车(自己动一自己动的[车]f汽车)automobile naut+mobile自治,独立(自己系统,统治f自己统治)autonomy[o^tonami]naut+nomy.表示生命,生物”bio,bi=life传记(写f写生命f传记)biography bio+graphy传记作者biographer循环-cycle-circaI I,生物化学自行车biochemistry bicycle再循环;回收三轮脚踏车(轮子)recycle tricycletri+cycle・表示”死mort■:death死的,致命的()mortal amort+al不朽的(不不死的)immortal aim+morta|f表示“爱””DhiLDhilo=love.博爱,慈善(人f爱人,博爱)博爱主义者(philanthropy[fiIcenSropi]n phil+anthropy philanthropistphil爱人爱人的家f博爱家)喜新成癖,喜欢新奇(新病)+anthrop+isff neophilia[ni^filio]n neo+phil+ia哲学(智慧f爱智慧f哲学)philosophy nphilo+sophy(灵魂)-Dsych-mind,soul心理学psychology精神病人(精神)psychotic[saikotik]npsych+ot+ic Suffixes表名词,”表示信仰者,专家或从事某活动的人”-ist onewh女权主义者(女性的)feminist nfemine民族主义者(民族的)nationalist nnational唯物主义者(物质)materialist nmaterial道德家(道德的)moralist nmoral分割线OExercise11Select thebest definitionof theitalicizedword ineach of thefollowing sentences
1.To applyto someuniversities,you mustfill outthe applicationform andinclude ashort autobiography.a.account ofyour lifewrittenbyyourselfb.list ofcourses you have takenc.list ofschools youhave attended自己传记自传autobiography auto+biographyf
2.Dr.Swanson haswritten articlesabout interstellartravels.a.under waterb.high speedc.outer space星际的interstellar[intestele]a.
3.An astronautisa personwhotravels ina.a.train b.spaceship c.boat宇航员(天空船员)astronaut nastro+naut
4.A multi-storeyedbuiIding isa buildingwhich has.a.many storeysb.one storeyc.three storeys(房屋)多层的multi-storeyed a.
5.If somethingis immortal,it willnever.a.live b.move c.die不朽的(死的)immortal im+mortalExercise12Answer thefollowing questions
1.How manywheels arethere ina unicycle
12.How manywheels arethere ina tricycle
33.How manyangles arethere ina triangle
34.How many years arethere ina decade
105.Why arethe clothesthat nurses,policemen andsoldiers wearcalled uniform.一贯的,一致的;制服(形状)uniform adjn.uni+formExercise13Put theletter of the suitabledefinition nextto eachwordGroup1心、理学者
1.cpsychologist n.a.written historyofapersons life•博爱主义者
2.d philanthropistnb.one whostudies thechemical compoundsand processoccurringin organism生物化学家
3.b biochemistn.c.one whostudies mindsand behavior传记
4.abiography n,d.one whoshows lovefor manby doinggood workfor societyGroup2生物学
1.b biologyn.U a.resembling astar小行星/星》犬的
2.a asteroidn.a.b.the scienceor studyof life天文学家
3.dastronomer n.c.a periodof timein whichcertain eventsrepeat周期,循环
4.ccycle n.d.a scientificobserver of the planets,stars andouter spaceGroup3半圆;
1.b semicirclen.a.a seriesof orgroups ofthree relatednovels,dramas,operas,etc.三部剧,三部曲
2.a trilogyn.b.a halfcircle占星术,占星学
3.d astrologyn.c.one ofthe threechildren bornat onebirth三胞月台中的——个
4.c tripletn.d.the studyoftheinfluence ofthe starson humanaffairs.Group4单方面,单边的,片面的
1.b unilaterala.a.having manycolors有两面的,双边的,双方的
2.d bilaterala.b.belonging to,involving onlyone side多种颜色的
3.g multicoloreda.c.apersonwho hasmany millionsof dollars大富豪,千万富翁
4.c multimillionairen.d.affecting twosides orpartiesPrefixes dis-
①表示”不,消失掉”不喜欢(喜爱一不喜爱)dislike dis+like无秩序(顺序f没有顺序)disorder dis+order不诚实的(诚实的)dishonest dis+honest消失(出现f不出现f消失)disappear dis+appear使失去勇气(勇气)discourage dis+courage解除武装(武装f去掉武装)disarm dis+arm驱除,消除(叩推一推开一驱除)dispel disel发现(盖一把盖揭开f发现)discover dis+cover沮丧(能够f不能做事f沮丧;参考五月能种粮食,所以叫)dismay dis+may May
②表示”分开,分离“分心(拉f把(心)拉开f分心)distract dis+tract解散;开除(送一送出一解散)dismiss dis+miss丢弃,抛弃(扔f扔出去)discard dis+card讨论(敲打f把〔问题)分开敲一讨论)discuss dis+cuss;表示“在旁边,副的“by-aside orapart fromthe commonsecondary-副产品(产品)byproduct by+product辅路(路)byroad by+road小道(小路)byway by+way过时的(过去的)bygone by+gone旁路;忽略(通过f从旁边通过f忽略)bypass by+pass1表示去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下”等破坏(结构;建造弄坏结构f破坏)desiruction de+struct+ionf除去盐分(盐一去掉盐分)desalt de+salt砍伐森林(森林f去掉森林)deforest de+forest降低价值(价值f去掉价值)devalue de+value压制,压抑(压f向下压f压制)depress de+press2表示”使…成为,加强“等划定界限(限定f加强限定)delimit de+limit描绘(图画f成为图画f描绘)depict de+pict设计;计戈(做标志f设计)design Ude+sign定义;清晰(界限+)划出界限f定义)definition de+fin itiorf表示“穿过,二者之间“dia-throuqh;across对话(话一对着说话)dialogue dia+logue直径(测量f对着测量〔圆)直径)diameter dia+meter诊断(知道f穿过〔皮肤)知道f诊断)diagnosis dia+gnosis图表(交叉对着画f图表)diagram dia+gramf表示“超过,太多”hyper-above;beyond活动过度的(活动的)hyperactive hyper+active过敏的(敏感的)吹毛求疵的(批评的)hypersensitive hyper+sensitive hypercriticalhypcr+critical hyperbole夸张法(抛f活抛得高f夸张)过度紧张;高血压(紧张)hyper+bole hypertensionhyper+tension Stems头-caDit-head首要的;首都;资本(头的f首要的f首都)capital capit+a|f表示“身体,团体”-corp-body军队,团体(复数)corps ncorp+s厂体([二身体]f尸体)corpse ncorpse corp公司,团体(表名词)corporation ncorpor+ation共同的;团体的()corporate acorpor+ate肉体的(身体的f肉体的)corporal acorpor+a|f地■aeo■:earth地质学(地)geology ngeo+log+y几何学(地测量地面f几何学)geometry ngeo+metryf水-hydro-,-hydr-water深水潜艇驾驶员(水海,引申为船员)hydronaut nhydro+naut含水的,水状的()hydrous ahydr+ous脱水(去掉去掉水)dehydrate vde+hydr+atef水力发电(电力)hydropower nhydro+powcr足,脚-:foot三脚架(脚)tripod tri+pod・热ther7n-.-thermo■:heat热水瓶(物品)thermos ntherm+os温度计(测量)thermometer nthermo+meter Suffixes表动词,”做,造成-ate make区别,分比(不同)挫败(犯错误)differentiate vdifferent frustrate vfrustr+ate表动词,”做,造成“-fy make满足satisfy修改modify澄清clarify-ize make宣传(公开的)publicize vpublic赋予…形体(物质)使中和(中间的,中和的)materialize vmaterial+ize neutralizev neutral+ize工业化(工业的)industrialize vindustrial+izc推广,普及(流行的)popularize vpopular+izeoooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooExercise14Complete thefollowing sentencesaccording toword analysis
1.A thermometerisan instrument used to measuretemperature orheat.踏板
2.A pedaln.isapart ofa bicycleon whichpeople puttheir feet.
3.If youare hypersensitiveto criticism,youarevery sensitiveto criticism.
4.If wedeport someone,we carryor drivehim away.移送,放逐;举止(去掉拿出来f放逐)deport vde+portf
5.When wesimplify astory,we makeitsimple.
6.To beautifyone sroom means to makeitbeautiful.()
7.To debonea fishmeans totake thebone awayfrom it.
8.To disagreewith somebodymeans notto agreewith him.
9.To debusmeanstoget off the bus.“(车出轨,
10.When thetrain wasderailedx\.it wascaused torun offthe rail.Exercise15Put theletter ofthe suitabledefinition nextto eachwordGroup
11.cdiameter a.a routewhich goesaround atown
2.dcorpse b.the careand treatmentofthehuman foot脚病学
3.b podiatry[peudaietri]n.c.the lengthofastraight linewhich passesthrough thecenter ofanobject
4.abypass d.a deadbodyGroup2石质的,石头彳以的
1.clithoid[*li0oid]adj.a.something producedin additionto thechief product彳亍人,步彳亍者
2.dpedestrain n.b.to divideor distributewhat hasbeen concentratedor united殳使分散,排除集中,使地方分权
3.decentralize vt.c.stone-like副产物
4.g by-product n.d.apersonwho walksGroup3「月巴大的,肥月半的
1.ccorpulent kopju6nt]a.a.to causeto combinewith water
2.ahydrate b.to cutoffthehead of
3.bdecapitate c.fat;large of body水合物,水化合物,氢氧化
4.dhypercritical d.too critical,especially ofsmall faultshydrate[haidreit]n.物;使成水化合物vt.Group4液体比重计
1.dhydrometerrhaidromite]n.a.to makeparts intoone统一,使成一体
2.g unifyvt.b.the science oftheform ofthe earth.
3.b geomorphologyc.the scienceoftheages ofearth
4.c geochronologyd.an instrumentwhich isused tomeasure theproportion of地形学liquid orwater geomorphology[d3i emofolad3i]n,geochronology(),地球年代学[d3i aukronolad3i]n.Exercise16Just ascoughing andsore throatare indications of physicalillness,a sense of disorientationand aninabilityto sleepare symptomsofthepsychological i11ness andcultural shock.
1.bisorientation means.a.losing thesense ofdirection b.having thesenseofdirection c.knowing thedirection quitewell方向知觉的丧失,迷惑Disorientation[diso ri9nteij on]n.
2.Inability means.a.the statsor actionof notbeina able to dosomethingb.the stateor actionofbeingabletodo somethingc.the stateof sleeping
3.5ymptoms mean.a.keys b.sympathies c.indicationsofillness
4.Psychological means.a.relating tofoot b.relating tomind c.relatingtoheart断定,认定(预先说f断定)认定,断定()predicate vpre+dic+atef predicationn predicate+ion表示写‘图-aram-.write:wirtina语法,文法(写的[规则]f语法)grammar ngram+marf图解,图表(交叉交叉画图)diagram ndia+gramf传记(文学)(生命写生命f传记)传记作家()biography nbio+graph+yf biographern biography+er亲笔字(自己自己写的字f亲笔字)autograph nauto+graphf-IOQ-.-oloqy-study the scienceof表示“科学・学科””地质学(地)geology ngeo+log+y心理学(心理)psychology npsych+o+log+y生理学(身体,物质)physiology nphys+io+log+y表示“计量,测量等“-metre-,-meter-measure直径(对面「-量到对面的线f直径)diameter ndia+mete f温度计(热)thermometer nthermo+meter对称;匀称(共同一两过测量一样一对称)symmetry nsym+metry不对称不什)asymmetry n(+symmc yQ表示“声音■phon■:sound语音学(学科)phonetics nphon+etics交响乐(共同叩所有乐器一起响f交响乐)symphony nsym honyf麦克风(小,小声音变大声音)microphone nmicro+phon f-scope-:instrumentforseeing orobserving显微镜(看f看小东西f显微镜)microscope micro+scope望远镜(看f看远方f望远镜)telescope ntele+scope万花筒kaleidoscope n表示写-scrib-.-script-:write:writing原本,脚本script n描写,叙述(着重着重写f描写)describe vde+scribef铭刻(进入刻写进去f铭刻)inscribe vin+scribef手抄本;原稿(手)manuscript vmanu+script开药方;命令(预先预先写好药量)prescribe vpre+scribef什抄写,转录(写->把写的东西移到〔另一张纸上)->抄写)anscribe trans+scribe表示看“”-suect-:see;look at期待,盼望(出看出去f期待)expect vex+spccff检查;视察(内看进去f视察)inspect vin+spccff看法;眼界;透视(全部全部看到f透视,看法)perspective nper+spect+ivef展望,前景(向前向前看一展望)prospect npro+spcctf各自的(回回头看[自己]f各自的)respective are+spect+ivef回顾,回想(向后看f向后看f回顾)reirospcctv retro+spectSuffixes-er()表名词,人”1“…歌唱家(唱歌)singer nsing领袖(领导)leader nlead作家(写)writer nwrite局内人(内部)insider ninside银行家(银行)banker nbank青少年(^一到十九岁)teenager nteenage H南方人(南方的)southerner nsouthern村民(村庄)villager nvillage()表名词,”物品,机器〃2洗衣机(洗)washer nwash打火机(点火)lighter nlight加热器(加热)heater nheat锅炉(煮)boiler nboil()表名词,“反复做〃3喃喃自语mutter v喋喋不休(聊天)chatter vchat+ter口吃stutter v摆动(波动)waver vwave连打,不断打(打)batter vbat+tcr名词字尾彳亍为状态■tion.-ation the act,state,or resultof doinasomethina
(二)the completionofthetask actof finishingit()his election=he waselected tothe postYoungchildren demanda lotof attention.ExaminationCombination丽的害!oooooooooooooooooooooooooo OOOOOOOOOExercise1Try toguess themeaning oftheitalicizedwordineachofthefollowingsentencesaccordingtowordanalysis
1.In retrospect,we wouldhave beenwise toleave ourmoney inthe bank.分析回顾,回想(看f向后a.manyyearsago b.looking aroundc,lookino backretrospect retro+spect看)
2.He losthis spectacles.a.alasses b.shoes c.pants分析(看的东西f眼镜)spect+aclef
3.He inspectedthekwork.a.spoke highlyofb.examined closelyc.did notexamine分析检查;视察(内看进去f视察)inspectv in+specff
4.1am goingto buya microbus.a.big busb.medium-sized busc.small bus分析微小micro-
5.He liveda hardlife inpre-Hberation days.a.before liberationb.after liberationc.since liberation分析(在…之)前pre-beforeExercise2Complete thefollowingsentencesaccordingtowordanalysis
1.If youhave auditoryyouhavetrouble inthe ears.
2.What hehas saidis illogical.Here illogicalmeans notlogical.
3.An irregularverb isa verbwhichisnotregular.
4.A predictoris one who cansay somethingin advance.
5.A prepositioncomes beforea noun.
6.If theyare co-producers,they producesomething togetherExercise3Following isa listofwordscontaining someofthestems and affixes introducedin this section.Definitionsof these words appearon theright.These wordsare probablyunfamiliar toyou.It isNot thepurpose ofthisexercise toteach youthe definitionsof allthesewords.Instead,the exerciseis designedto serveasa reviewof stemsandaffixesdefined inthissectionand asa wayfor youto practiceusing theskill ofwordanalysis toguess themeanings ofunfamiliar words.Group
11.cmicroscope a.the scienceofhearing
2.dphonoscope b.theactor senseof hearing
3.baudition c.an instrumentused tomake smallobject largeenough tosee orstudy
4.aQudioIogy d.an instrumentwhich teststhe qualityof stringsfor musicalinstrumentsGroup2听力表,测听计
1.b audiometera.an instrumentthat recordsor reproducesound
2.a gramophoneb.an instrumentfor measuringhearing天文,航海用的精密时计,精密的时钟
3.c chronometerc.an instrumentfor measuringtime accurately年代学;年代记
4.d chronologyd.thesciencewhich measurestimeandgives datestoeventsGroup3显微图
1.b micrographa.an instrumentused tomake weaksounds louder极微时间测定器
2.c chronoscopeb.an instrumentfor doingextremely smallwriting表音符号
3.d phonogramc.an instrumentusedtomeasure smallperiods oftime扩音器,麦克风
4.a microphoned.the signorsymbolrepresenting asound orwordGroup4音韵学
1.c phonologya.aninstrumentto helpthe partiallydeaf hear助听《岸
2.a audiphoneb.long-lasting;habitual慢性的;习惯性的
3.b chronicc.the studyof speechsound年代记编「记录者
4.d1chronicler d.onewhostudies historyPrefixes super-more,larger,greater,or morepowerful
①表示“超级,超过,过度”超大型的(有范围的)supersized supcr+sized超自然的(自然的)supernatural super+natural多余的(流流出太多)过度敏感的(敏感的)superfluous super+flu+ousf supersensitivesuper+sensitive负载过重(收费,负担f负担过重)
②表示“在…上面supercharge super+chrage临视(看f在上面看f临视)上层建筑(结构)supervise super+vise superstructuresuper+structure肤浅的(做+在表面上做)迷信(站站在人(理智)superficial super+fic ia|f superstitionsuper+stit+ion—之上的东西一迷信)「表示前面,先ante-before anti-.Dost-,pre-1提前写日期;先于,早于(日期一提前写日期)antedate ante+date前面的(].的]f前面的)anterior ante+eMor..(走走在前面的[事]f前事)antecedent aute+ced+entf预期,期望;占先,抢先anticipate vt.表示“环绕,周围”限制(写f规定范围f限制)circum-around circumscribecircum+scribe circumspect小心谨慎的(站f站在周围f环境)[]回避(走circum+stance circumventsa kemventcircum+ventf绕圈走f回避)表示反对,相反“contra-,anti-actina againstsomethina.or oupositeto somethina相反的(相反的)contrary contra+aryf反驳;矛盾(说f反着说f反驳)contradict contra+dict反战的(战争)antiwar anti+war反对使用核武器的;反美的antinuclear anti-American表示inter-between orinvolving twoor moredifferent things,places,or people[irrtra-.intro-]“在…之间,相互〃国际的(国家的)international inter+national人与人之间的(个人的)interpersonal inter+personal可互换的(可改变的)interchangeable intcr+changcable相互关连(关连)interrelate inter+relate・()表示向内,入内”irrtro.irrtra-formal ortechnical:within引入,介绍(引f引进)introduce intro+duce内省,反省(看f向内看f内省)introspect intro+pectDOSt■:
①表示“在后面”战后的(战争)postwar post+war推迟(放f放到后面f推迟)postpone post+phone大学毕业后的(毕业)postgraduate post+graduate刊后语(脸;前面f后面的脸f刊后语)postface post+face较后的(表名词f后面的人f子孙)posterior post+erity
②表示“邮件,邮政”邮资(钱;状态)postage post+age邮局(办公室)postoffice post+office明信片(卡片)postcard post+card邮政的()postal post+al trans-
①表示“横过,越过“横贯大陆的(大陆的)transcontinental trans+continental超越,胜过(爬f爬过f超越)transcend trans+scend传送,传播(送f横着送消息f传播)transmit irans+mit什透明的(平等横穿过去看得一样清楚f透明的)ansparent trans+par+enff
②表示“变换,改变,转移”移植(种f转移过去f移植)tranplant trans+plant交易;办理(行动f交换行动f交易)•transaction trans+action抄写,转录(写->把写的东西移到〔另一张纸上)->抄写)transcribe trans+scribe表示在下面,次——等,副手”sub-,sue sup■:under:behind沉没,淹没(淹没f淹没下去)submerge sub+merge附属的(顺序顺序在下f附属的)subordinate sub+ordin+atef次大陆(大陆)subcontinent sub+continetn亚热带(热带)subtropics sub+tropics副标题(热带)subtitle sub+tropics Stems・表示”行走,前进“ced-:go,move割让,放弃(走f走开f割让)cede cede答应,同意(和别人走在一起f答应)accede ac+ced^f先行,先于(前走在前面一先行)antecede ante+cedc—先行的;以前的()开始;继续进行;发生超过;胜过antecedent antede+ent proceedvi.exceed vt.「表示“引导,带来“-duc-duct-lead诱拐(离开引开f诱拐)abduct vab+ducff弓出;推断()eduction nI e+duct+ion推论,演绎(向下引f向下引f推论)deduce vde+duce引入,介绍(引f引进)introduce intro+duce生产农产品(向前引向前f生产)produce vN.pro+ducef降低,减少(回往回引f减少)reduce vre+ducef半导体(导体)导电;带领实施semiconductor semi+conductor conductvi.vt..表示“弯曲”反射;沉思(反弯曲返回f反射)反射;-fleet-bend bendreflect nre+flect_reflection n思考()reflect+ion易弯曲的;灵活的(弯曲能…的)flexble aflex+ible・.表示送‘放出”miss-send.cast省去,略去(出送出一省略)omit vo+mi+-省略(出放出去f省略)omission no+miss+ionf允许(始终+始终放入f允许)permission nper miss+ionf答应;保证(前面在做事前送出的话f允诺)promise npro+mis©f许可入学等;承认(一送来一许可进入)admit vad+mit委托;委任(共同+共同送f委任)commit vcom miff委员会()committee ncommit+t+ee使屈服;提出(下面送下去f屈服)submit vsub+miff寄送;传达(横横送过去f传达)transmit vtrans+mit-”派遣;使命(送出f派遣)11mission nmiss+ion,委员会;委任(共同共同送出[选出]的人f委员会)解散;罢免commission ncom+miss+ionf dismissv(分开>分开送f解散)dis+miss-表示,部分,分开“divide.部分的;有偏见的()partial apart+ial公正的(无有偏见的f无偏见的)impartial aim+partial微粒,极少量(小东西f一小部分一少量)particle npart+icle特别的;各自的(有…的f有自己的部分f特别的)particular apart+icuar公寓([楼房]分出的一部分f公寓)apartment na+part+mcnff相对物;副本(相对应■一对应的一部分f对应的人或物)counterpart ncounter+parl参加,参与(进入进入一部分f参加)participate vparti+cip+atef合作伙伴(人)partner npart+ner部分,一般(一部分)portion nport+ionf表示艮随“-seau-.-secut follow连续(总艮随f连续)sequence nsequ+encef连续的()sequential asequ+ent+ial后果,结果(共同随之而来的全部东西f后果)consequence ncon+sequ+enccf随后发生(在后面随在后面的)subsequence nsub+sequ+enccf连贯的,连续的(全部,一个接一个跟随)consecutive acon+secu+tiv f.表示呼吸”■spir■:breathe精神;情绪(有呼吸一有精神)spirit n精神饱满的spirited a同谋(共同同呼吸f同谋)conspire vcon+spir©f吸气;灵感(有灵气)inspiration n表示“远”,引申为电”,电从远方来打电报(写一用电写f电报)-tele-far teleraphv tele+graph telegram电报(写,画)ntele+gram。