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初中英语词性专项训练及讲解
1.There aresome fruitsin thefridge.
2.What chickendid youhave forlunch
3.1think youdbetter noteat toomany sweets.改写后]名词名词是用来表示人、事物或抽象概念的词语名词的分类.专有名词表示特定的或独一无二的人或物,如人名、地1名和机构名称等专有名词的首字母要大写,例如China.Africa.MroGreeno.普通名词表示一类人、物或事,可以分为个体名词、集2体名词、物质名词和抽象名词个体名词指人或物的个体,是可数名词集体名词是一群人或物的总称,有些是可数名词,有些是不可数名词物质名词表示不能分为个体的物质,是不可数名词Uncountable nounscan bemodified bywords such as little,”alittle,some,nmuch,n plentyof,a lot of,lots of,n anamount ofJor nhugeamounts of.”Some XXXosuch asfruit ingfruits XXXfruit.Some materialXXX such as water”and Hwatersnreferring tosea or riverwater orgreen andHgreensn referringto thecolor orvegetables.Practice Exercises:
3.There wasmuch mudon theground after the heavyrain.
1.1need apair of scissors tocut thepaper.3・Dont eattoo muchchocolate Itsbad foryour XXX.o
4.XXX.
5.We havea lot of furniturein ournew flat.
6.You mayfind a lot ofrubbish XXX.
7.Mr andMrs Greenare ahappy couple.o o
8.XXX.
9.Would thestudents liketo havea nXXX class
10.What niceweather weare havingtoday!In thefourth lessonwe learnabout thepossessive formof nounsoowhich can be expressedthrough thesform orthe ofform Forthe!soform weusually addfs to the endof the noun exceptfor pluralnounso oending ins wherewe simplyaddThis formis mainlyused forlivingthings butcan also be usedfor non-living thingsto expresstime no o ocountrydistance andnatural phenomenao Whentwo ormore peopleo oshare somethingwe addonly tothe lastnoun oraddto bothnounso oifthey eachhave theirown□When referringto shopshospitals□oschools residencesand publicbuildings wemay omitthenounbeingo opossessedafterthepossessive nounFor examplenat theo odoctors office.11In thegiven sentenceXXX uncleshome overtheoweekend.含有的常用于不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词之后,表else1示“另外,其他“,其所有格形式为例如else*This bookis notmineIt mustbe someoneelse!s.o所有格有以下用法Of.表示无生命的东西的所有关系例如1The doorof thehouseis broken..表示名词化的词的所有关系例如2The lifeof thepoor isthebiggest problemin thiscountry.所有格也可用于有生命的人物,有时也可以与《所有格互
3.of换例如Mr SmithXXX..当《所有格表示类别或来源时,通常不能换成所有格例4of如:、XXX XXXXXXo双重所有格是把所有格和所有格结合在一起表示所of s有关系的结构主要用法如下:.当被修饰的名词前有指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数1词等限定词修饰时,一般用双重所有格,有时带有感情色彩例如I dontlike thatbig noseof Davids°Several XXX..比较以下两种表达在含义上的区别(2a photo of MarysXXX收藏的一张照片)和(的一张照片)a photo of MaryXXX专项训练
41.Li Dongis afriend ofmy brothersWe oftenplay cardXXX.o
2.XXX XXX.
3.ItXXX minuteswalk frommy hometo school.
1.Eo characters
2.Ao nap
3.Bo author
4.Do creature
5.Co XXX改写
1.The personalitiesof thetwins arenot thesame.
2.We usuallytake ashort napafter XXX.
3.Can youtell methe authorof thebook
4.What isthat peculiarbeing witheight arms
5.On XXXo XXXo改写
6.Susan andBetty livein thesame flatIt isSusan andBettys.XXX.
9.Three-XXX XXX.XXX XXX.一
10.-What haveyou finishedI havefinished a days work.What haveyou completed--I haveXXX work.二.用所给单词的适当形式填空,每空限添一词l.HereXXX.11Old XXXsuffered fromthe illness.
3.The childrenshould learnabout roadsafety.
4.XXX.
5.XXX ushis n of stamps.
6.XXX XXX.
7.was awonderful XXXits XXX.
8.D0you thinkXXX take the placeof humans
9.Last XXXhis owneyes.
10.XXX deliverednewspapers andsaved someof themoney forhis XXX.四.选择方框内的单词,并用它的适当形式填空,每空限添一词
11.Wisdom comeswith XXX.12Mr Smithtook hiswise advice.o13Air isa mixtureof gases.14Do yourealize theimportance ofthis n15The soundof aor TVcomes fromthe speakers.o
1.This isa goodtype ofmedical treatmentfor colds.
2.The newlaw willce nof theair.
3.The childrencould notXXX.
4.Ki ttyand Aliceare goodXXX.
5.Theres somuch varietyin mynew jobI dosomethingodifferent everyday!代词是用来代替名词、名词性词组或由上下文的意境可推知的人或事物的词语代词可以在句中担任主语、宾语、表语和定语的角色初中常见的代词包括人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词等第一讲介绍了人称代词、物主代词和反身代词人称代词分为主格和宾格,用于代替人或物物主代词用于表示所有关系反身代词用于强调动作的承受者和执行者是同一个人或物专项训练1:
1.This isa boyHe istwelve yearsold Hisname isTom Ilikeo o ohim LookWhats hedoing HeisXXX.ooo
2.That isa girlHer nameis JaneShe isin Class
4.Grade
7.1so oshedrawing apicture Yesshe isPlease givethe rulerto her.ooo
3.This isMimio atwo-month-old catwho lovesto runaftermice Herowner adoresher andXXX.o
4.Hi JimI heardyoure astudent□What classare youin Ibeto oyourteacher likesyou a lot becauseyoure sucha hard-workingstudent.
5.Look atthose studentsover thereTheyre playing XXX.o
6.David andI aregood friendsand werein thesame classWeoboth havealotof respectfor ourteacher andenjoy beingin herclass oOurclassroom isvery bigand wemake sureto keepit cleanAs aoresultour teachersoften praiseus.o
7.Our schoolis bigbut ourclassroom issmall.o
8.nIs thisher bag”No it isnt herbag Herbag isover there.n
9.Our teachersare friendlyand soare theircolleagues.lOJAre thosehis books””No XXX.n
9.1tispossible topass thedrivingtest ifone practicesalot.lO.XXXoXXX.
1.This studentis me.
2.XXX.
3.XXX arethe workers.
4.That nurseis him.
5.The boxis it.
6.This goodpicture isXXX.
7.Those applesare us.
8.XXX.
9.Those carsare XXX.
10.We areall doctors.11l.You arethe nurse.
12.This watchis reallynice Note:it canalso beused asaoplaceholder subjectosuch asnIt israining outside.nWe need to buyXXX make cakes.
8.1s thereany sugarin thecoffeethere sugarin thecoffee
9.Can Ihave some water pleaseoIsomewatero please
10.XXXanyone seenmovies thisweekWeneedto buy someflour andeggs tomakecakes.Are thereany pensor rulersin thepencil-boxXXXDo youhave anymoney withyouCompound indefinite pronouns:something XXXXXXoanything anybodyanyoneo oeverythingeverybody everyoneo onothing nobodynone no oneooo
1.When compoundindefinitepronounsare usedas thesubjectothe verbis oftenin thethird personsingular form.
2.Something osomebody XXX□anything anybodyando oo anyoneare usedin negativeor XXXnobody andno oneXXXoeverything everybodyXXX.oo抽象名词表示人或物的品质、状态等抽象概念,是不可数名词专有名词专有名词表示特定的或独一无二的人或物,例如人名、地名和机构名称等专有名词的首字母要大写,例如、China.Africa Mro一般的人名、地名通常不带定冠词,但河流、海洋、群岛、Greeno海峡等名称带定冠词,例如the PacificOcean.the EnglishChannelo某些由普通名词组成的专有名词也带定冠词,例如the Childrens、专有名词一般没有复数形式,但表示姓Palace thePeoples Parko的专有名词变成复数时,指该姓的一家人,前面必须加定冠词,例如、the Greensthe Smiths,the Wangso普通名词普通名词表示一类人、物或事,可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词个体名词指人或物的个体,是可数名词集体名词是一群人或物的总称,有些是可数名词,有些是不可数名词例如、物质名词表示aoclasses ao teamsfurniture equipmento不能分为个体的物质,是不可数名
3.None is used toanswer nsabout howmany orhow muchonobodyisusedto XXX.How manypictures arethere onthe wallo-None.Who willcome tohis birthdayparty thisevening-Nobody.o
4.XXX.English something
5.When some any everyare combinedwith oneor bodytheyo oodo nottakethen nof!and canonly refer to peoplewhen separatedoothey can referto people or things and can be followed by the XXXnof.
6.When noand one”are separatednoonethey onlyrefer toopeopleand cannotbe followedby thenofwhen combinednoneo othey canreferto peopleor thingsandcanbefollowedbytheXXX of.None of the girlscame onthe trip.XXX.He wasleft alonewith noone tolook afterhim.oTwo orthree peopleorthingseither orbotho noneof themorneither of them.Both ofmy parentsare doctorsbut XXX.oThere aretall buildingson eitherside of the streetbut there areotrees onall sidesof thesquare.Each ofthe teachershas apresent onTeachers5Day.Other seriesof XXX.Other studentswere studyingXXX.oAnother studentjoined thegroup andanother onefollowed.oI needtobuyanother onetwo orthree items.o oThe other studentin the class isvery smartbut theotherostudents needto workharder.Theotherstudents intheclassare strugglingbut theothersare doingwell.There weremany individualspresent atthe parkon SundayoSomewere XXXit comesto thisparticular oneIm notfond ofito oCouldyou displaya differentone pleaseo词,例如、抽象名词表示人或物的品质、状态rice paperwatero等抽象概念,是不可数名词,例如、interest love专项训练1冰箱里有一些水果
1..你午餐吃了什么鸡肉?
2.我觉得你最好不要吃太多糖果
3.不规则变化的名词,如4child-children foot-feet mousemiceoXXXo.以结尾的辅音字母开头的名词,变为加变为复5y yi,es数,如city partybabyo但以结尾的元音字母开头的名词,直接加变为复数,y s如boy day keyo
6.The lengthoftheAmazon riveris shorterthan thatoftheNileriver.
7.XXX.
8.The GreatWall isa XXX.
9.The governmentneeds alarge amountof moneyto maketherivers clean.10Washington isthe capitalofthe United States.11We shouldtake somegood advice.
12.TV newsoften givesus alotofn.二.规则名词变复数一般情况下加在清辅音后读在浊辅音和元音后读
1.s,S/s/,/z/,如mapo bagocaro.以结尾的名词,力口-变为复数,如2cho shes classboxoSo Xo0brush matchoo.以结尾的名词,加变为复数3o esphotoo zoOopiano videooo但是,如果以结尾的名词是有生命的,就要加变为复数kiloo oes.不规则变化的名词,如4child-children foot-feet mousemiceoo oXXXo.以结尾的辅音字母开头的名词,变为加变为复数,5y yi,es如但是,以结尾的元音字母开头的名词,直接city party□baby yo加变为复数,如s boydaykeyoo.在英语中,名词的复数形式有很多规则,需要我们仔细研1究和掌握其中,最常见的规则是在名词末尾加如等s,books,cats.有些名词末尾是以、、、、等字母结尾的,需2s xz chsh要在其后面加如等es,boxes,watches.还有一些名词的复数形式比较特殊,如、、3hero negrotomato.等,直接在末尾加即可但是,蚊子和零有两种potato.mango es复数形式,分别是和和mosquitos mosquitoes,zeros zeroes.对于以辅音字母加结尾的名词,需要先将变为再加4y yi,eSo例如等cities,ladies,families.对于以或结尾的名词,需要将或变为再加但5f fef fev,eso是,有些以结尾的名词可以直接加变为复数,如fsroofs,proofs,gulfs等而则可以采用两种方法变为复数handkerchief.除了以上规则外,还有一些名词的复数形式比较特殊,如6child-children,foot-feet,tooth—XXX,mouse—mice,man---men,等woman---women.有些名词的单数和复数形式相同,如等而7deer,sheep,fish一些集体名词虽然以单数形式出现,但实际上是复数,如people,等还有一些以结尾的名词,虽然看起来像复数,police,cattle s但实际上是单数,如等学科名词maths,politics,physics)数字等例如1one twOothree fourfive twooo(两本书)books)数量词等例如2a ansomeanymany fewseveralo ooooa book(一本书),somebooks(一些书))表示数量的词(一打),(一百),3a dozena hundreda(一千)等例如(一打鸡蛋)thousand adozen eggs)表示的词(一杯),(一瓶),(一个4a cupXXX abox盒子)等例如(一杯茶)a cup of tea)表示重量或体积的词(一公斤),(一磅),5a kiloa pound(一升)等例如(一公斤苹果)a litera kilo of apples6)表示长度或面积的词a meter(一米),a yard(一码),(一英亩)等例如(一米布料)an acreXXX)表示时间的词(一分钟),(一小时),7a minutean hour(一天)等例如(一小时的运动)adayan hourof exerciseTheUnited nswas establishedin1945as annal nIt shouldbeotreated asa XXXtheUnited States shouldalso betreated assingularoWhen referringto booktitles plays□newspapers andoomagazines inplural formtheycanalsobetreated assingular Forooexampleo nXXXNights1XXX.For thingsthat aremade upof twoparts suchas glassestrouserso oandclothes ifa specificnumber isbeing referredtothequantityo ooword pairsuite ora specificnumber canbe usedoFor example□a pairofglasses twopairs oftrousers□etc.oFurthermore otherearesome XXXcan indicatea specificmeaningsuchasgoods watersand fishes.oooWhen referringtopeopleof differentnalities theplural formisoused for the generalterm whilethe singularand plural forms areusedofor specificnumbers□For examplethe Chinesea Chineseotwoo oChinese.Countable nounscanbemodified byus quantifierssuch asnumbersquantity wordswords indicatingweight volumelength oooooarea andtime Forexample acupof tea akiloofapples oan hourofo oo oexercise.Fourth osome nounsonly havepluralforms XXX.oSpecial Training2Io Changethe followingnouns totheir pluralforms:pens-books-students-knives-buses-boxes-classes-watches-sheep-ships-fish-mice-leaves-desks-children-men-girls-women-feet-teeth-glasses-pieces-Chinese-Americans-babies-boys-countries-Japanese-cities-months-matches-flies-tomatoes-photos-potatoes-s-faces-lives-oranges-heroes.IL MultipleChoice:l.In hisletter UncleLee toldus manyabout hisvisitoto theUnitedStates.Ao newsBostoriesCo nDoXXX
1.1spent alotoftime preparingforthefinal exams.
3.Many touristsfrom differentcountries cometo visitShanghaievery year.
4.Miss Smithdoesnt havemuch houseworkto dotoday.
5.We finallygot proofof hisinnocence.
6.A groupof boystudents areplayingXXX.
7.XXX.
8.Wang Darninghas caughtsome fishand hisfamily willhave itoforsupper today.
9.There aremany womendoctors inthis hospital.
10.Last weekI atetoo muchhamburger.Lesson3:XXXUncountable nounsdo nothave singularor pluralformsXXXooThey includeboth materialand abstractnouns.To XXXuncountable nounswe useunit wordsnsuchasna bottleoofwater/na pieceof paper/nthree cupsoftea/1or Htwopieces ofn.n。