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初中英语动词时态归纳总结比照表名用法动词形式(以do为例)常用时间状语例句称in themorning/afternoon/L现在的状态般morning l.She istwelve.
2.经常性或习现I/We/You/They do...every day/morning/Sunday on
2.1get up at6:30every day.惯性的动作在He/She/It does...Sunday always usually often
3.She likesswimming.
3.主语具备的时性格或实力sometimes
1.过去某时发I/We did...yesterdaymorning/afternoon生的动作或存
1.1got upat6:30yesterday.般You did...last night/Sunday in1990two在的状态
2.He alwayswent to work by过He/She/It did...days agoalwaysusuallyoften2•过去经常或bus lastyear.去反复发生的动They did...sometimes作时I shalldo...Im going to do...
1.将来某时间
1.1will go to myhome town般要发生的动或We/You/They/He/She/tomorrow nextweek.It willdo...morning/afternoon/存在的状态
2.Ill cometo seeyou every将We/You/They are going eveningSunday.
2.将来经常或来反复发生的to do...next year/month/week
3.Im going to swim时tomorrow afternoon.动作He/She/It is going todo...现Im doing...l.She iswatering theflowers.现在或当前一在He/She/It isdoing...
2.Are theyworking now段时间内正在进nowWe/You/They aredoing进行或发生的
3.They arelistening to the行■动作a•teacher.时过l.We werereading inclassI/He/She/It wasdoing athis time yesterdayat tenthistimeyesterday去过去某一时刻■■oclock yesterdayat thattime
2.1was drawinga picture进或某一段正在when theteacher进行的动作We/You/They werewhen hecame back行■■■■came in.doing时already justbefore neverfor现He/She/It hasdone...l.Ive alreadyposted the
1.过去发生或three yearsletter.在已经完成的某We/You/They have完一动作对现在done■•since
19902.We haveknown each otherfor tenyears.造成的影响或成this morningthese days结果
3.They livedhere since
1997.时
2.表示过去已
4.Have youever been to经起先并持续Beijing到现在的动作或状态过
2.When Igot out,the bushad动作或状态before+一般过去时成already left.时现现在以前的一在段时间里始终I/We/You/They have
1.1have been skating forfive完进行的动作,been doing....hours.since nine oclock成这个运作可能He/She/It has been
2.She hasbeenskatingsincefor fivehours仍在进行,也进doing.,..nineoclock..可能接着进行行下去时初中英语时态专项练习
1、一般现在时通常用usually,often,every day,sometimes^一般现在时基本用法介绍
一、一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态如The skyis blue.天空是蓝色的2,表示经常性或习惯性的动作如I getupat six everyday,我每天六点起床
3.表示客观现实如The earthgoes aroundthe sun.地球围着太阳转
二、一般现在时的构成确定句1,主语+系动词beis,am,are+名词形容词,介词短语
2.其他主语+动词原形+其它第三人称单数+动词-s+其它如I ama boy.我是一个男孩We studyEnglish.我们学习英语Mary likesChinese.玛丽宠爱汉语
三、一般现在时的变更否定句1主语+be is,am,are+not+其它如He isnot aworker.他不是工人2其他主语+do notdon,t动词原形+其它I don,t likebread第三人称单数+does notdoesn,t动词原形+其它He doesntoften play.一般疑问句DBe Is,Are+主语+其它?如-Are youa student-Yes.I am./No,Im not.2Do其他主语+动词原形+其它?Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+留意遇I/we一you,my一your,some—any.Does shego towork bybike一Yes,she does./No,she doesn,t.Do youoften playfootball-Yes,I do./No,I don,t.特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句如Where ismy bikeHowdoes your father go towork
2、现在进行时通常用“now/look/listen”.
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作
2.现在进行时的结构确定句主语+be is,am,are+动词现在分词-ingeg:I amnotdoing my homework.You/We/They arenotreading.He/She/It isnot eating.否定句主语+be is,am,are+not+动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句Is Are+主语+动词现在分词-ing特殊疑问疑问词+be+主语+动词ing
3.动词加ing的变更规则1一般状况下,干脆加ing,如cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如make-making,taste-tasting3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如run-running,stop-stopping,swim—swimming
3、一般过去时态一般过去时通常用“a momentago,just now,yesterday,last…”等
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变更⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为waswas notnwasnt⑵are在一般过去时中变为werewerenot=weren,t⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变更和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首
3.行为动词的一般过去时变更确定句Positive动词过去式I wentshopping last night.否定句Negative didnt+动词原形I didntgo shoppinglast night.一般疑问句Yes/No Did...+动词原形…?Did yougo shoppinglast night特殊疑问句wh-What did...+动词原形…?What didyou dolastnight
4.动词过去式的变更:规则动词的变更一般动词+ed planted,watered climbedz以不发音的e结尾+d liked辅音字母加y结尾-y+ied study—studied,cry-cried双写最终一个字重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母stop-stopped plan-planned母+ed不规则动词的变更:原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweep sweptteach taughthave hadgo wentkeepkept thinkthought dodid findfoundsleep sleptbuy boughteat atesay saidfeelfelt drinkdrank is/am wastake tookreadread givegave arewere meanmeantput putsing sangdrive drovemeet metcutcut beginbegan speakspoke makemadelet letring rangwrite wrotesee sawflyflew runran riderode comecamedraw drewsit sathear heardtell toldgrowgrew learnlearned/learnt getgot knowknew
5.特殊疑问句⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如What didJim doyesterday⑵疑问词当主语时疑问词+动词过去式?如Who wentto homeyesterday
4、一般将来时概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、支配或打算做某事句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow,next dayweek,month,year***,soon,the dayafter tomorrow后天等
1.基本结构
①主语+be is,am,aregoing to+动词原形.
②主语+will+动词原形.
2.否定句
①主语+be is,am,are+not+going to+动词原形.
②主语+will+notwon t+动词原形.例如I mgoing tohave apicnic this afternoon.f I m notgoing tohave apicnic thisafternoon.
3.一般疑问句
①IsAre+主语+going to+动词原形.+
②Will+主语+动词原形+例We aregoing to go on an outing this weekend.f Areyou going to goonanoutingthisweekend Yes,we are.No,we aren,t.Will hegotoBeijing nextweek Yes,he will.No,he wont.
4.对划线部分提问一般状况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种状况
1.问人Who例如Imgoingto New York soon.-Who,sgoingtoNewYorksoon.
2.问干什么o What…do.例如My fatheris goingto watcha racewith methisafternoon,fWhat isyourfathergoingtodo withyou thisafternoon.
3.问什么时候When.例如She sgoingtogotobed atnine,f Whenis shegoingtobed
5.同义句be goingto=will Iam goingtogoswimming tomorrow明天.=I willgo swimmingtomorrow.
5.过去进行时确定句主语+助动词be was,were+动词现在分词-ing+其它否定句主语+助动词be was,were+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它一般疑问句Was Were+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它?特殊疑问句疑问词+was were+动词现在分词-i ng+其它?用法
1、表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作,往往有表示过去的时间状语then,at thattime,this timeyesterday等,或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作即与when,while引出的时间状语从句连用例They weretalking abouta filmatsixyesterday evening.昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影What wereyou doingat thistime lastweek上周的这个时候你在干什么?When theteacher camein,they weretalking.老师进来时,他们在讲话
2、表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作例They wereswimming fromtwo tothree yesterdayafternoon.昨天下午2点至I」3点他们在游泳She waswatching TVthe wholemorning.她整个上午在看电视
3、表示过去将要发生的动作例He saidhe wasleaving onTuesday.他说他周二动身Tom saidhe was going tomorrow.汤姆说他明天去
4、用过去进行时描写故事背景例It wasgetting dark.The windwas rising.天渐渐黑了下来,风势增加了The processionwasgoing.He wasstanding amongthe crowdlooking on.队伍在前进他站在人群中观看6-现在完成时构成确定句主语+助动词have has+动词过去分词-ed否定句主语+助动词have has+not havent,hasn t+动词过去分词-ed一般疑问句Have Has+主语+动词过去分词-ed+特殊疑问句疑问词+havehas+主语+动词过去分词-ed+用法
1、表示说话之前已完成的动作,而且这个动作的结果对现在是状况仍有影响常被just,already,yet等副词修饰Mr.Wang hasjust comeback fromAmerica.王先生刚从美国回来
2.现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作始终持续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语如Mr Wanghas livedhere since
1983.3•现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用常见终止性动词与持续性动词或状态动词的对应关系如下come/go/arrive/get/reach/movebe in/atopen----be opendiebedeadclose----be closedbecome----beput onwearborrow----keepleavebe awayfrombuy-----havefall asleepbe asleepbegin/start---------be oncatcha coldhave acoldend/finish---------be overjoin the armybe inthe army,be asoldierjoin the Partybe intheParty,be aParty member例吉姆买这支已有两年了Jim bought this pentwo yearsago.Jim hashad thispen for two years.Jim hashad thispen sincetwo yearsago.Jim hashad thispen since2023It istwo yearssince Jimboughtthispen.
4.在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时inthepast fewyears/months/weeks/days;over thepast fewyearsduring thelastthree months;for thelast fewcenturies,through centuries;throughout history等5,表示“第几次做某事,”或在aIt isthe bestworst,most interesting+名词+that”后面跟现在完成时彳列This ismy firsttime thatI havevisited China.This isthe mostinteresting filmI haveever seen.That isthe onlybook that he haswritten.
6.have/hasbeento+地点意为“曾去过某地”,暗含目前已不在该地,仅表示当事人的一种阅历而已have/has gone to+地点“到了某地去了”,暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意,但是否到达了某地尚不确定如He hasgonetoShanghai.他去了上海He hasbeentoShanghai.他去过了上海
7.现在完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时起先,持续或重复地出现至今,或将接着持续至将来常与表示一段时间的状语,如fortwohours,since earlymorning,these fewdays等连用构成确定句主语+助动词have has+been+动词现在分词-ing否定句主语+助动词have has+not+been+动词现在分词-ing一般疑问句Have Has+主语+been+动词现在分词-ing+特殊疑问句疑问词+have has+主语+been+动词现在分词-ing+例It hasbeen rainingfor threehours.We havebeen waitinghere sincean hourago.How longhas itbeen raining雨下多久了?She hasbeen sittingthere formore than2hours.他已经在那坐了两个小时了We vebeen seeingquite alot ofeachotherrecently.最近我们常见面He hasbeen telephoningme severaltimes intwo days.这两天他打好几次电话给我留意事项与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态始终持续或始终反复出现
8.过去完成时构成确定句主语+助动词had+动词过去分词-ed+其它否定句主语+助动词had+not hadn,t+动词过去分词-ed+其它一般疑问句;Had+主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+特殊疑问句疑问词+had+主语+动词过去分词-ed+其它+例There hadbeen25parks inour cityup till
2000.By theend oflast termwe had finished thebook.They finishedearlier thanwe hadexpected.用法
1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成或持续到某一过去时间的动作或状态,即“过去的过去这一动作可以是始终持续到过去这一时刻或将接着下去这个过去的时间常用by,before after,)等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示例The trainhadleft beforeshe gotto thestation.在她到车站以前,火车已开走了We hadlearned about500English wordsby theend of mine.至U上个月为止,我们已经学了约500个英文单词Mr.Smith diedyesterday.He hadbeen agood friendofmine.史密斯先生昨天去世了,他曾是我的一位好友2用于以连词when,as soonas,as…as,before,after,until,now that引导的状语从句中或一些宾语从句中以表示动作发生的时间早于主句所表示的动作,可表示缘由、动作先后等关系如例After Ihadfinishedmyhomework,I watchedTV lastnight.(表时间先后)We tooka taxihome,as thelast busalready gone.由于最终一班公车已开走,所以,我们就乘出租车回家(表缘由)He gottotheairport andsuddenly realizedthathe had forgottento bringhis ticket.他赶到机场时突然意识到他忘了带机票
3、用在一般过去时之后的间接引语中He toldme thathehadbeen seenthe filmthe daybefore.他跟我说他前一天看过那个电影了留意过去完成时的句子中,终止性动词不能与一段时间连用,而状态动词的过去完成时必需和一段时间连用如He hadalready died.他已经死了He hadbeen deadfor anhour.他已经死了一个小时了。