初中英语语法知识点总结及练习

一、初中英语语法归纳本文归纳了词法、八种基本时态以及三大基本从句，是历年中考英语必考语法点一词法

1.名词名词的可数与不可数1可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目，来统计，都成为不可数名词不可数名词前一般不能用冠词、来表示数量，没有复数形式要表示一个……”这a an一概念，就须加这一类短语要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语a pieceof里却不可数如等chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news名词复数的规则变化2一般情况下加A.-s以结尾的加B.s,x,ch,sh,-es以辅音字母加结尾的改为再加C.y yi-es概念表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态常和等表时间的状语连用always,often,usually,sometimes,every day如）我每天都去学校（表经常）1I go to schoolevery day.）.他总是那样（表状态）2He isalways likethat构成:）主语+（）+……1be am/are/is）主语+实义动词/三单动词+...

22.一般过去时概念:）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.1常和表示过去的时间状语连用.如yesterday,last week,in1998,two daysago等.如我昨天去看了一场电影.I went to amovie yesterday.）也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作.2如汰He alwayswenttowork byb elast week.构成）主语+（）1be was/were+主语+实义动词过去式+

23.现在进行时概念表示现在说话瞬间正在进行或发生的动作.如He issinging.They arewatching TVnow.构成主语+助动词动词形式构成.beam/are/is+-ing

4.过去进行时概念表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作.这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外，一般用时间状语来表示.如1---What wereyou doing-I wasjumping.2---What wasthe boydoing whenthe UFOarrived-He wassleeping.构成主语+助动词动词形式构成.bewas/were+-ing

5.一般将来时概念表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow,next week,next year,in the future等.如He willgo shoppingtomorrow.They are going to play basketballnext week.构成）主语+助动词动原+...1will+）主语+动原+....2be going to+

6.过去将来时概念表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态.构成:）主语（第一人称）+助动词动原+...1should+）主语+动原+....2would+）主语++动原…3was/were goingto用法过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中，主句谓语动词为过去时如1I shouldgo.）2You knewI wouldcome.）3They were goingtoNaming.

7.现在完成时（构成主语+助动词）+动词过去分词+...have/has用法例句表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.一-Have youhad yourlunchyet（现在我不饿了）—Yes,I have.

8.过去完成时构成主语+助动词动词过去分词+...had+用法例句表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.它表示的动作发生的时间是过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用等构成的短语，也可用by,before when,before,等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示.I had finished myhomework whenmy momcame backhome.三.三大基本从句从句的共同特点从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点从句是句子从句的共同特点.从句都有自己的连接词.从句都是陈述语序（陈述语序就是主语在12前，谓语在后，如主语在谓语之前，因此是陈述语序，而He isa teacher He isIs hea主语在谓语之后，因此不是陈述语序）teacherHe is

1.宾语从句宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如He saidthat hewanted tobe ateacherwhen hegrew up.宾语从句的特点

①宾语从句有自己的连接词

②宾语从句用陈述语序

③宾语从句的时态（）宾语从句的连接词宾语从句的连接词包括、（是否）、特殊疑1that if/whether问词（）宾语从句的语序2宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），如A.I wantto knowif hecancome tomorrow当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如B.She askedme whohadhelped him.（）宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了主现则从任，主过则从过，客观3真理一般现主现则从任主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一A.种，如（一般现在时）l.He tellsme helikes Englishvery much主过则从过主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带过字的时B.态中任选一种，带过字的时态分别是如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时如（一般过去时）He told me that he likedplaying football客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时C.如:l.He saysthe moongoes around the earth.

2.状语从句（）时间状语从句在一个句子中作时间状语的句子1时间状语的连接词:（当…时候）（当…时候）（当…时候）（在…when whileas after以后）before（在..・以前）as soonas（—...就）since（自从...至ij现在）till/until（直至」...1才）（到…为止）依旧是连接词后加陈述语序by the time举例当…的时候（一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时）whenMozart startedwriting musicwhen hewas four years old.（）原因状语从句在一个句子中作原因状语的句子2连接词由连词引导，也可由等词引导because,since,as for,now that举例7I didn t goto schoolyesterday because I wasill.（）条件状语从句在一个句子中作条件状语的句子3连接词:如果，（）除非（让步）if unless=if not举例,汰If itdoesn train tomorrow,we willgo hing.目的、结果状语从句4目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子目的状语从句连接词引导so that,so...that,in orderthat结果状语从句连接词引导so...that,such...that,so much/many...that举例如此…以至于so...that7The scientists reportwas soinstructive thatwe wereall veryexcited.让步状语从句5让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子连接词though,although.whether..or notz举例Although heis rich,yet heis nothappy.从句

3.no matter结构+特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序或特殊疑问词+后缀陈述语序no matterever+“如:No matterwhat happened,he wouldnot mind.注意不能引导主语从句和宾语从句no matter

3.定语从句定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分如:.（中就是定语）I willgive myteacher abunch ofbeautiful flowerbeautiful定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后如:I havemet the doctor whois in the No.l hospital.定语从句的连接词连接代词、who which,whom.whose thats连接副词、when wherewhys

二、初中英语语法重难点100单选案例

1.WhereUncle Sunyesterday

2.They goingto seeMr.Sun tomorrow.A.is B.are C.am D.be

3.Some arein theriver andsome aregames.A.swiming,playing B.swimming,playingC.swimming,playing D.swimming,playing

4.Where isDick He to thereading-room.A.has beenB.went C.has goneD.goes

5.Mark Twain,an Americanwriter,everybody here.A.knows B.is knownas C.is knownto D.is knownfor

6.1hope hewill come to seeme beforehe here.A.leave B.leaves C.will leaveD.left

7.My teachertold methat AustraliansEnglish.以结尾的，去掉或变成再加D.f,fe ffe,v-es名词的所有格3单数名词词尾加’复数名词词尾若没有也要加’A.s,s,s如:,the workersbike,the Childrens ball表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’若表示各自所有，则需B.s在各个名字后’s如:This isLucy andLicy sroom.These areKates andjack srooms.如果是通过在词尾加一构成的复数形式的名词，只加’c.s如:the studentsbooks,the girlsblouses另外名词名词名词是有生命的，我们就用’结构来表示所有关系如果名词所+0f+S表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+名词的结构来表示所有关系of+

2.代词人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词C.speaks D.are speaking

8.1think sheright now.A.reading B.reads C.is readingD.read

9.——Where arethe children——They agood timein thegarden.

1.are havingB.have C.have hadD.had-------,

10.Where myglasses I can t find them.——I themon thebookshelf butthey aren t there.A.you put,put B.you haveput,have putC.have youput,put D.did youput haveputz

11.When thepolice arrived,the manfor10minutes.A.died B.was deathC.had diedD.had beendead

12.By thetime thistalk isover,we a lot aboutthe earth.A.will belearning B.are learningC.world learnD.will havelearnt

13.The teacherstoldmethat theymetosmooth awaythe difficulties.A.helped B.will helpC.help D.weregoingto help

14.——Have youseen himtoday——Yes,I himthis morning.A.has seenB.see C.will seeD.saw

15.He worriedwhen heheard thisnews.A.is B.was C.does D.did

16.What syour friendgoing nextweek.A.doing B.do C.does D.to do

77717.1don tthink thatit strue.He salways strangestories.A.tell B.telling C.told D.tells

18.Have youever WestHill FarmA.gone to B.arrived C.come to D.been to

19.How longhe thenovelA.has,borrowed B.has,keptC.has,lent D.is,using

20.He to do thislessons at eight everyevening.A.is beginingB.is beginningC.begin D.begins

21.The childrena swimthis afternoon.A.are goingto hasB.is goingto haveC.are havingD.are goingto have

22.There atelephone callfor mybrother Stevenyesterday.

23.he onwell withhis friendsthis termA.is B.are C.was D.wereA.Does,gets B.Does,getC.Is,getting D.Is,geting

24.Who awaymy penI cantfindit.A.haven takenB.takes C.has takenD.took

25.Shall wefootball thisSaturdayA.play B.playing C.plays D.to play

26.The childrenat schoolnow.A.is B.are C.was D.were

27.Mr.Smith shortstories,but hea TVplay thesedays.A.is writing,is writingB.is writing,writesC.writes,is writingD.writes,writes

28.He saidhe theleague for two years.A.has joinedB.has beenin C.had beenin D.joined

29.She likeswatering treesin thegarden,she,,A.doesn tB.don tC.isn tD.didn t

30.What youto doto keepthe roomcleanA.do,have B.does,have C.did,have D.are,have

31.Some flowersby Katealready.A.have beenwatered B.watered C.have wateredD.has beenwatered

32.When wintercomes,the leavesfall.A.aregoingtoB.will C.will beD.would

33.1to thecinema.I thereevery Sunday.A.go,go B.am going,go C.go,am goingD.am going,am going

34.You aboutthefuturenow,you,77A.don tthink,don tB.aren tthinking,arentC.don tthink,do D.aren tthinking,are

35.He wasafraid thathe his way.A.would lostB.would loseC.is goingtoD.shall lose

36.We eachother since he lefthere.z,A.didn t see B.hadn tseen C.haven tseen D.had seen

37.Mr.Smith outfor a walk in the parkevery day.A.is goingB.goes C.went D.go

38.He fromhome for a long time.A.has goneaway B.had goneawayC.has leftD.has beenaway

739.You mustnt gotoo high,or youdangerous.A.will beB.are C.would beD.is goingto

40.We haveknown eachotherA.since wewere youngB.after wewere youngC.when weare youngD.if weare young

41.She promisedshe dobetter work.A.would B.will C.shall D.is goingto

42.How longhas thisshopA.be openB.been openC.opened D.been opened

43.Mr.Smith heresincehemoved tohis city.A.had livedB.have liveC.have livedD.has lived

44.——Have youread thenewspaper7——No,I haven tA.too B.yet C.just D.already

45.Our knowledgeof theuniverse allthetime.A.grow B.is growingC.grows D.grew

46.She won t goto thecinema ifshe thework tomorrow.7A.doesn tfinish B.won tfinish C.will finish D.finish

47.My grandmafor halfa year.A.has beendead B.was deadC.has diedD.died

48.She to the GreatWall severaltimes.A.goes B.has goneC.went D.has been

49.The earthroundthesun.A.move B.moves C.moved D.will move

50.Liu Fengweithree yuanfor thelost librarybook.A.paid B.spent C.cost D.took

51.1the bikefor overfouryears.A.have boughtB.have buyC.have hadD.bought

52.He toldus thathe thatfactory thenext day.A.had visitedB.has visitedC.will visitD.would visit

53.His motherthe Partylast year.She aParty memberfor ayear.A.joined,was B.has joined,is C.joined,has beenD.has joined,has been

54.We don t knowif itthe dayafter tomorrow.A.will rainB.rains C.rained D.would rain

55.He saidhe hislife forhis country.A.give B.gave C.had givenD.would give

56.He alwaysto thepark on Sunday morning.A.go B.goes C.went D.is going

57.Look,the studentsto theteacher carefully.A.is listeningB.are listeningC.listen D.listened

58.He inthis school in

1958.A.taught B.has taughtC.teaches D.had taught

59.They saidthey toEngland thenext day.A.will flyB.had flownC.would flyD.flew

60.They thework intwo days.A.hadfinishedB.would finishedC.is finishingD.will finish

61.By theend oflast week,we twothousand words.A.would learnB.have learnedC.had learnedD.were learning

62.When heleft,his motherA.is cookingB.cooked C.was cookingD.cooksWe

63.II gotoplaywith snowif ittomorrow.A.snow B.snows C.will snowD.snowed

64.There nomilk in the glass.A.have B.has C.are D.is人称代词1第一人称单数I memy minemyself复数we usour oursourselves第二人称单数you you your yoursyourself复数youyouyour yoursyourselves第三人称单数he himhis hishimselfshe herher hersherselfit itits itsitself复数they themtheir theirsthemselves物主代词

265.The trainwhen wegot to the station.A.has justleft B.had justleft C.leaves D.left

66.Dr Smithis notat home.Hetowork.A.has gone B.has been C.had beenD.had gone

67.That manknows a lot aboutNew York.I heardhe before.A.had gonetothecity B.had beenin thereC.had been there D.had beenNew York

68.The artistto Europe.Heisthere now.A.has goneB.has beenC.had goneD.had been

69.Miss Brownsaid shenever toNorth Chinabefore.A.has,goneB.has,beenC.had goneD.had,beenz

70.What yourgrandma thistime yesterdayA.is doing B.was,doing C.did,do D.had,donez

71.1to seethe filmbecause Ihave lostmy ticket.7zA.wontgo B.didn tgo C.don tgo D.haven tgone

72.The studentswill havea footballmatch ifit finenext Saturday.川A.w beB.would beC.was D.is

73.She askedme ifI thestory before.A.have readB.had readC.would readD.will read

74.What theyateightyesterday eveningA.are,doingB.did,do C.have,done D.were,doing

75.You cantseehim nowbecause hean importantmeeting.A.is havingB.have C.has D.was having

1..1to mybrother sincelast summer.,7A.didn twrite B.hadn twritten C.haven twritten D.don twrite

77.Li Pingwill visitthe GreatWall assoon ashe free.A.will beB.is C.was D.has been

78.One daywhen Ithe postoffice I my uncle.A.pass,see B.was passing,saw C.passed,saw D.pass,saw

79.He hesome mistakesin thetest.A.said,will makeB.said,made C.said,had madeD.said,make

80.They tiredso theystopped arest.A.are,have B.were,have C.were,to haveD.are,having

81.My fatherevery day.A.takes awalk B.took walkC.take awalk D.is takingawalk

82.Mary isseven yearsold.She eightnext year.A.is B.will C.was D.will be

83.A tableand manychairs madeby himyesterday.A.was B.were C.are beingD.was being

84.T IIgo withyou assoon asImywork.A.will finishB.shall finishC.finishD.finished

85.Trees greenin spring.A.turn B.turns C.would turnD.is turning

86.Yesterday Iin bedall daybecauseI had afever.A.lay B.lie C.laid D.lain

87.Hello,Mike.It syou.I youin Beijing.How longhave youbeen here,A.dontknow,were B.hadn tknow,are,C.haventknown,are D.didntknow,were

88.A:When againB:When he.F IIlet youknow.A.he comescomes B.will become,will comezC.he comes,will comeD.will hecome,comes

89.The lastbus.Ihadto walkhome.A.had goneB.have goneC.went D.has gone

90.A:Are youmaking cakesB:.A.Yes,I doB.Yes,I amC.Yes,T mD.Yes,F mmaking

91.——What time——My watch.A.it is,stopped B.is ithas stoppedC.it is,has stoppedD.is it,is stoppingz

92.What onSundayA.does hesometimes doB.is heoften doingC.has hedone D.is usuallyhedo

93.Did youhear someoneat thedoor whenyou TVlast nightA.knock,was watchingB.knock,watchingC.knock,were watchingD.knock,are watchingbefore.A.a lotof had beenthereB.alotabout,had beenthere

94.That Japaneseknows theSalt LakeCity.I heardheC.lot,hadbeenthere D.alotof,had gonethere

95.As soon as wesaw hisface,we thenews bad.A.knew,was B.know,were C.know,was D.know,were

96.Reading Englishmagazines andnewspapers helpfulto yourstudy ofEnglish.A.is B.are C.will D.is goingtodo

97.Mary,what doingA.she isB.are youC.you areD.is

98.A:Is thisa newradioB:No,I itfor fiveyears.A.have B.have hadC.had hadD.will have

99.F msure hewill cometo seeme beforehe Beijing.A.will leaveB.is leavingC.would leaveD.leaves

100.lt seemedthathesomething expensive.A.have lostB.lost C.had lostD.has losted物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词；名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语反身代词3反身代词的构成分两种第

一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上或self第三人称反身代词在宾格代词后加上或selves,self selves.反身代词的用法一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身如Ienjoyed另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气如myself at the party.Icando itmyself.指示代词4指示代词的特殊用法为了避免重复，可用代替前面提到过的名词，但是不可以Q that,those this,these有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分2this,that不定代词5等one,some,any,other;another;all,both,each,neither,many,much

3.冠词不定冠词用在兀音读音开头不是指兀音字母的词前,其余用不定冠词1an a.定冠词的基本用法2用在重新提到的人或事物前面A.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面B.用在单数可数名词前面，表示某一类人或事物C.定冠词的特殊用法3用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前A.用在序数词、形容词的最高级及所修饰的名词前B.nly用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面C.用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面D,用在姓氏的复数形式前面，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人E.用在乐器名称前F.和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物G.名词前不用冠词的情况4在专有名词包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用A.冠词但在以组成的民间节日前要加Festival theo表示一类人或事物的复数名词前B.名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词C.三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词正在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不D.同就餐;坐在桌边sit attable sitat thetable去上学;去那所学校;住院;gotoschool gototheschoolinhospital in the hospital在那个医院里

4.数词数字的表示1三位数数词要在百位和十位若无十位则和个位之间加and以上的数字，从后向前第三位数加一个，，第一个:前为1,000thousand,第二个:〃前为,第三个:〃前为million billiono，序数词除了外其余都在基数词尾加构成2first,second third-thz分数分子在前，分母在后，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于小时，分31母序数词要变成复数4hundredsthousands,millionsof.

5.形容词、副词形容词的位置1形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面，但当形容词修饰不定代词A.something,nothing时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后如anything somethingimportant nothingseriouso当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时，定语或表语要后置如B.We havedug ahole twometers deep.The holeis abouttwo metresdeep.形容词的比较等级2，单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加一来构成比较级和最高级其他双er,—est音节词和多音节词，在前面加来构成比较级和最高级如more,mostpopularmore popularmostpopular一一important moreimportant mostimportant副词的比较等级3单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加来构成比较级和最高级绝大多数副词借-er,-est助来构成比较级和最高级more,most少数形容词和副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化4原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfarthest furthestlatelater latest副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词5theo

6.介词表示时间的介词及介词短语1in,at,on,before,after,till,since,for,fromto,until byin themiddle of,atz zthebeginning of,at theend of,at halfpast five,at night,in aweek,in themorning,in class,at sunrise,in spring/summer/autumn/winter,onSunday,onSaturday afternoononawinter evening,foralongtime,fortwomonths,afterzschool,since liberation,before lunch,at thetime of,at theage of表示地点的介词及介词短语2in,at into,to,on,beside,before,behind,above,under,zoutside,inside,up,from,farjrom,near,across,off,down,among,past,between,outof,around,inthefront of,inthemiddle of,at theback of,at thefoot of,athome,at thegate,atthetable,inthesky,on theground,in atree inthe south,zin thesun,inthebed,on oneswayhome,by theside of二.八种基本时态

1.一般现在时。