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人教版八年级上册英语语法知识点总结与练习Unit1Where didyou goon vacationPeriod1一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如just now,yesterday,last night,in1990,2days ago等♦一般过去时特殊疑问句的构成疑问词+助动词did+主语+动词原形+其他如:Where didyou buythis book疑问词+be动词(was/were)+主语+其他?如How wasyour lasttrip当主语是第三人称单数以及第一人称I时,be动词用was;当主语是第二人称以及复数时,be动词用were♦一般过去时一般疑问句的构成助动词Did+主语+动词原形+其他?如Did yougo shoppingwith Lindayesterday回答:Yes,主语+did./No,主语+didn t.如Yes,I did./No,I didn,t.Be动词Were/Was+主语+其他?如Was theriver clean10years ago回答:Yes,主语+was/were./No,主语+wasn t/weren,t.如Yes,it was./No,it wasn*t.♦一般过去时陈述句的构成肯定句主语+动词过去式+其他.如I wentto Hainanwith myparents lastsummervacation.主语+be动词was/were+其他.如I wasin thelibrary yesterday.否定句主语+助动词didn t+动词原形+其他.如:呢didn tbuy thatgift atlast.主语+be动词wasn t/weren,t+其他.如I wasntin thelibrary yesterday.【学以致用】3The students in Class3the parkyesterday.昨天,三班的学生全都去了公园4studying forthe test.我们所有人都在为考试而学习Period
31.My mother told me a goodfriend islike amirror.我妈妈告诉我,好朋友就像一面镜子like作动词时,意为“喜欢”;作介词时,意为“像”,如be like,look like;还可以表示“例如”,用来列举同类的事物,相当于such as1他喜欢什么_____________________2他是个什么样的人?包括外貌、性格What3他长什么样?指长相What4They sellmany kindsof fruit,例如oranges,bananas andapples.
2.You don t needa lotof themas longas they,re good.不在多而贵在好as longas意为“只要……”,后面接句子,这句子称作条件状语从句如We will go fora picnicas longas theweather isfine.只要天气好,我们就去野餐
11.形容词和副词最高级的变化规则1单音节利部分双音节词♦一-般在词尾加pst如short—♦以字母e结尾的词,在词尾直接加上ft如:close—♦重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加PSt如:big♦以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把y变i,再加pst如:heavy一2多音节词和部分双音节词,在词前面加most如careful-most careful,loudly-creative-3不规则变化见课本Pl14:good/well一best bad/badly一worst many/much一most little一least far-farthest/furthest old-oldest/eldest注意形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词Ihe,副词最高级前的the可省略如lhebest,the mostbeautiful,singthemost beautifullyo
2.It hasthe mostcomfortable seats.它有最舒适的座位You cansit themost comfortably.你可以坐得最舒服1comfortable是形容词,意为“舒服的”,其副词为,副词最高级是2seat在句中意为“座位”,是可数名词,常用短语:have/take aseat就座sit是动词,意为“坐”Have a,please.请坐May Ihere我可以坐这里吗?Period2注意以下形容词和副词最高级的用法He isone of the talleststudents in our school.The YellowRiver is the secondlongest riverin China.Who singsthemost beautifullyof thethreeSingapore isthe cleanestcity that1ve everbeen to.总结⑴one of+the+最高级+名词复数,表示“最……之一”;2the+序数词+最高级,表示“第几……”;⑶形容词和副词的最高级表示三者或三者以上的比较,后面可用of/among短语来说明比较的同类的数量或in短语来说明比较范围;4表示在已有的经验中“最……”,定语从句表示比较范围
3.注意以下句型是用比较级表示最高级的含义He staller than anyone in our class.=He staller thanany otherstudentin our class.二He staller thanthe otherstudentsinour class.二He sinourclass.总结:any olher+单数名词,the olher后面如果接可数名词要用复数Period
31.Talent showsare gettingmore andmore popular.才艺表演节目越来越受欢迎“比较级+and+比较级”,或umore andmore+多音节词或部分双音节词原形”,表示越来越o如bigger andbigger越来越大;more andwore beautiful越来越美丽1It isgetting.天气变得越来越凉爽了2The gameis.这个游戏越来越有趣了
2.They givepeople away tomake theirdreams cometrue.它们给人们提供了一条实现梦想的道路way和place,something等后常接不定式作后置定语,表示“的方法/地方/东西”lZhanjiang is a goodplace.湛江是个观光的好地方2Reading aloudevery dayisthebest way每天大声朗读是学英语最好的方法3Would youlike something你想要喝点什么吗?Unit5Do youwant to watch agame showPeriod
11.I don t mindthem.我不介意它们mind v.,意为1“,常用于疑问句、否定句中它可单独使用,也可接名词、代词或动名词v.・ing如Would youmind2play soccerwith me
2.She plansto watchDays ofOur Past.=She makes a plan to watchDays ofOurPast.她计划观看《我们过去的时光》plan to do sth.中plan是⑴词性,意为“计划做某事”plan也可作2词性,planto do sth.=3o我打算这个假期去北京旅游I planto go to Beijing this vacation.=14go toBeijingthisvacation.
4.辨析:find out与findfind out指通过观察或探索而发现真相;iflj find强调找到的结果1You shouldwhenthe lastbus leaves.你应该查明最后一趟车离开的时间2I amlooking forthe lostgirl,but I can ther.我正在找那个丢失的女孩,但我没能找到她Period
21.What do you thinkof talkshows你认为访谈节目怎么样?What do you thinkof…?是询问别人对某事的看法回答此类问题可以根据自己的看法来作出评价如:They regreat!/I lovethem./They*re justso-so.不好不坏/一般/T don,t mindthem./T can t standthem.1同义句Whal do you thinkof game shows2-What do you thinkof soapoperas一.But mybrotherlikes them.A.I likethem B.I enjoythemC.I can,t standthem D.I don,t agree3Luc5^cantthe sweatersbut she doesn,t theskirts.A.minds;stand B.mi nds;standsC.mind;stands D.stand;mind
2.Do youwant to watch the news你想看新闻节目吗?What doyou plantowatchtonight你今晚打算看什么What can you expectto learnfrom sitcoms你期望能从情景喜剧中学到什么?以上黑体的部分称为动词不定式,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等它跟在动词后面作宾语,常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有want,hope,plan,expect,decide,agree,wish,help,choose等1I aminterested inswimming.Do youwant swimmingwithmeA.go B.goes C.to goD.going2He hopes_________his ownbike.A.have B.to haveC.had D.has3We allagreed_________a schooltrip next Sunday.A.take B.to takeC.took D.takingPeriod
31.But onevery famoussymbol inAmerican cultureisacartoon.但是在美国文化中一个非常著名的象征是一部卡通片famous adj.意为“著名的”,近义词为well-known常用搭配:be famousfor以出名;be famousas作为出名lGuilin itsmountains andrivers.桂林以山水闻名2Jackie Chanan actionmovie star.成龙作为一名动作电影明星而出名
2.辨析for example与such asfor example作“例如”讲时,一般只以同类事物或人中的一个为例,一般放于句首,后面以一个完整的句子举例,并用逗号隔开;作插入语时,用逗号隔开,置于句中such as也作“例如”讲,后面常接名词或名词短语,不用逗号隔开用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子,可与and so on等等搭配使用1We havemany goodteachers.Guo Hao,,is anexcellent teacher.2I1ike doingsports,playing ping-pong andrunning.3I likefruit,apples,pears andsoon.Unit6If m going to study computer science.Periodl
3.1m going tostudycomputerscience.我打算学习计算机科学以上句子使用了1时态,表示即将发生的事或最近打算进行的动作,也表示说话者的意图、推测和打算,其结构为“主语+2+34I visitBeijing nextmonth.我打算下个月去北京参观5you inviteJohn toyour party你打算邀请约翰参加你的聚会吗?
2.TJ mgoing to keep onwriting stories.我会继续写故事⑴表示“不停地做某事,keep的过去式为2o3She wantsto.她想不停地唱歌
3.I川not sureabout that.我对这事没有把握⑴意为“对……有把握;确信,与be sureof意思相同,后接名词、代词或动名词2Shethis Englishtest.她对这次的英语小测有把握
4.Just makesure youtry yourbest.你只要保证尽最大努力就行1意为“尽某人最大的努力”,相当于⑵,try的过去式为3o4Hefinish thework.他已尽最大的努力完成了这项工作Period
21.be going to+动词原形“be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事,其中be动词的形式由句子主语来决定一般将来时常与表示将来的tomorrow,next week等时间状语或与when引导的时间状语从句连用1肯定句主语+be going to+动词原形+其他I basketballnextSunday.我打算下个星期天去打篮球2否定句主语+be not goingto+动词原形+其他Hehis brothertomorrow.他明天不打算去探望他哥哥3一般疑问句:be动词+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他?youa doctorin thefuture将来你打算当医生吗?4特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词what/how/when/where+一般疑问句be动词+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他?
①henext week他下个星期打算做什么?
②they他们打算在这里待多久
2.I,mgoingto writearticles andsend themto magazinesand newspapers.我打算写文章并把它们寄给杂志社和报社⑴=⑵意为“把某物寄给某人send是及物动词,过去式为3o4Lily sentmeatoy.=.莉莉寄给我一个玩具Period
31.辨析be ableto与can都表示“能够”,强调能力be ableto有时态、人称和数的变化,可用于各种时态;can无人称和数的变化,只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式用be ableto/can的正确形式填空1you helpme with my math2She workout theproblems byherself everytime.
2.It sa kindof promise.它是一种承诺promise可作名词,意为“诺言,常见短语:make apromise promisesto sb.,意♦为“向某人许诺”;keep/break apromise则意为“遵守/违背诺言”promise也可作动词,意为“承诺,许诺”,常见表达:promise to do sth.,意为♦“承诺做某事”他向他父母承诺再也不玩电脑游戏了Hehis parentsthat hewouldn*t playcomputer gamesanymore.
3.Some peoplemight saythey are goingtotake upa hobby…有些人可能说他们要培养一种爱好……take up有两层含义,既可意为“学着做,开始做,用take updoing sth.表示,也表示“占用”⑴金开始学绘画有一段时间了,但很快又不感兴趣了Kimfor awhile,but soonlost interest.2这张桌子占了太多空间This desktoo muchroom.Unit7Will peoplehave robotsPeriod
11.Would you1ike topass mea pieceof paper你可以递给我一张纸吗?Thereis somepaper on the desk.桌上有一些纸由以上例句可知,paper是可数/不可数名词,“一张纸”译为
2.will引导的将来时态“will”代表一般将来时,引导表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态的句子最基本的结构:will+动词原形1肯定句People willuse money in100years.⑵否定句People usemoney in100years.3一般疑问句people usemoneyin100years⑷肯定回答/否定回答:.
2.There be句型的一般将来时结构为There willbe,表示“将会有,相当于Thereis/aregoingto be⑴肯定句There willbe robots inour home.2否定句:robots inour home.3一般疑问句:robotsinourhome⑷肯定回答:/否定回答:.注意there be句型中的be不能换成have/has♦单词填空
1.一Whatyou dolast night一I didmy homework.—Where youlast night—I athome.
2.一Did yougo toBeijing last week-No,I.
3.—your fathera teacher20years ago—Yes,he was.
4.一Where shegolast month—Shego toShanghai.
5.bethey goodat Englishwhen theywere studentsPeriod
21.Did yougo outwith anyone你和别人一起出去了吗?We alllike totalk tosomeone interesting.我们都喜欢和有趣的人聊天anyone为复合不定代词,意为“1”,常用于否定句或疑问句中;someone同为复合不定代词,意为2,常用于肯定句[拓展]形容词要置于复合不定代词的后面如I havesomething importantto tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你
2.一Did you buy anythingspecial—Yes,I boughtsomething formy father.——你买了什么特别的东西吗?一一是的,我为我爸爸买了些东西★something,anything的用法♦作主语时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式something常用于肯定句;anything常用于否定句和疑问句中♦♦但在表示邀请,或希望得到对方肯定回答的问句中,常用somethingolDoesanyone/someonewant adrink2T wishto befriends withanyone/someonekind andhelpful.
3.more,fewer和less的用法预习2a2b,完成练习并总结用法1There willbefew peopleandlittle waterin100years.2There willbemany carsandmuch pollutionin thefuture.3fewer译为“,是的比较级,修饰可数/不可数名词4less译为““,是的比较级,修饰可数/不可数名词5more译为“,是或的比较级,修饰可数和不可数名词Period
21.Everything is0K.一切都很好There issomething wrongwith mywatch.我的手表出问题了从以上例子可知,复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用1单数/复数形式此外,复合不定代词被形容词修饰时,放在形容词⑵前面/后面3There isinthe newspaper.A.something interestingB.interesting somethingC.anything interestingD.interesting anything4Everyone thegirl inourclassbecause she is reallykindand nice.A.like B.likes C.liking D.liked
2.辨析few,a few,little与a little用法意思备注a few修饰(D____________(可数/不可数)名词复数形式一点儿,几个表示肯定含义a little修饰不可数名词few修饰可数名词复数形式little修饰
(2)____________⑶___________(可数/不可数)名词表示肯定含义选用few,a few,little,a little填空4Do youwant todrink waterThere isleft inmy glass.5Kate isnew here,so she has friends.6Please hurryup.There istime left.71have penpals inother countriesand Ioften writetothem.8There arebooks left.We can,t lendyou anyone.Period
31.However,they agreeit maytake hundreds of years.然而,他们一致认为这可能要花费数百年的时间hundredsof表示不确切的数目,意为“数百,好几百,成百上千的”同类型的短语还有thousands of数千,成千上万的,millions of数百万等,前面不可加数字若要表示确切的数目,则需用“1+hundred/thousand/million”表示,如three hundred三百,six thousand六千2上千名学生参加了这次考试,但只有两百人通过了students tookthe exam,but only_____________________students passedit.
2.辨析be ableto与canbe ableto可用于任何时态;can只能用于现在时,过去时用could表示1她现在会开车Shedrive acar now.⑵他十岁时能弹钢琴Heplay thepiano whenhe wasten.
(3)在未来,计算机会通过看你的眼睛记住你In thefuture,computers toremember youby lookingat youreyes.Unit8How doyou make a bananamilk shakePeriod
11.Turn on the light.It isso darkhere.But rememberto turn it offwhen youleave.Don,t turnup theradio.It isreally noisy.You shouldturnitdown.总结:turn on意为
(1)“;多指打开水、煤气及电视、冰箱、录音机、电风扇等若其后所接的宾语为名词,既可放在turn on中间,也可放在其后;若宾语为
(2)(填词性),则只能放在turn和on之间其反义词组为
(3)O拓展:调高(声音)
(4),调低(声音)
(5)o
2.First,,••Next,,••Then,,•,After that,••,Finally,•••以上单词用于向别人讲述事情的先后顺序,意为⑴a”O
(2)finally=/()
(3),peel somebananas.Then cutthem upand putthem intotheblender.A.Finally B.First C.Next D.Last
(1)“,其同义词组为ten moreminuteso其结构为:anolher+数字+物品=2,意为“另外的……”你还需要十分钟吗?Do youneed anothertenminutes=Do youneed
34.Finally,don,t forget to addsome salt.最后,别忘记加盐forgetv.意为1“,“忘记去做某事”为⑵Don tforgetthe doorwhen youleave theroom.A.closes B.close C.closed D.to closePeriod2可数名词和不可数名词观察以下例子,总结规律an apple/a bottleof applejuice;three eggs/three piecesof bread
1.1可数名词是表示计数的事物名词它有、形式之分,而且可以直接用不定冠词/或具体的,如one,two,three等修饰2不可数名词是表示计数的事物名词它没有形式,但有量的变化,并且不能使用或直接修饰,如要表示确切的数量,要用“数词+可数名词+of+不可数名词”结构
2.有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词,如chicken,orange,glass等,但意义有所不同如Two glassesof orangeare madeout ofsix orange.
3.some,many,a few,few,a lotof,lots of等词语可修饰可数名词;some,much,little,a1ittle,a lotof,lots of等词语可修饰不可数名词在以上这些词语中等词语既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词对可数名词的数量提问时用1;对不可数名词的量提问时用2,但对不可数名词前表示数量的名词修饰语提问要3o4—water isthere inthe bottle一Only alittle.5—pictures canyou seeonthewall一Three.6一cups ofteaare there onthetable—Four cups.Period
31.Next,fill theturkey withthis breadmix.接下来,用这种面包混合物填满火鸡fill…with意为“用……装满/填满……”,主语通常是人lThe boythebottle sand.小男孩用沙把瓶子填满被动形式为be filledwith,意为“充满了,be filledwith=be fullof2The bottlewater.=The bottlewater.这个瓶子里充满了水
11.My motherprepared a nice breakfastfor us.=My motherprepared usanicebreakfast.妈妈给我们准备了可口的早餐1“给某人准备某物”=2The hostprepared theguests lots of foodat the party.二The hostlotsoffood theguests at the party.主人在宴会上为客人们准备了许多食物
2.1m sorry.If m not available.真抱歉,我没有空available意为“有空的,不忙的”,相当于free,have time,其后还可以用todo引出具体的事情I mafraid I mnotavailable withthe schoolshow onMonday.我怕是没空来帮忙准备星期一的演出了
3.Sam isn,t leavinguntil nextWednesday.萨姆要一直待到下周三才离开until可作介词和连词,意为“到……时”;用于否定句中,not-until可译为“直到才lHe willbe working5o clock.他将一直工作到5点钟2She go to bedeleven lastnight.昨晚直到11点钟她才睡觉Period
21.They invitedhertogo fora walk.他们邀请她去散步“邀请某人做某事”是o invite的名词形式是ordlike toour newhouse.我想邀请你参观我们的新房子
2.I/We/You/She/He/It/They candance.我/我们/你们/她/他/它/他们会跳舞从例句中可以发现情态动词can有/无人称与数的变化can后接动词原形表示能力时,它的同义词组为be abletolThey onschool nights.上学日的晚上他们不能出去闲逛2Linda canplay the guitar very well.同义句转换Linda playtheguitarverywell.
3.辨析:have to与must二者都有“必须”的意思,后面都接动词原形,它们的区别是have to强调客观上需要做某事,含有“形势逼迫”的意味;must强调说话者主观♦上认为必须做某事,含有“主观判断”的意味have to可用于多种时态一般不用于进行时态,且有人称和数的变化must无♦人称、数和时态的变化must的否定形式是在其后加not,即mustn t,表示“禁止”用must提问,回♦答表示不必时,应用dont have to/needn,t;而have to的否定式是dont/doesn,t/didn,t haveto,表示“不必”1My bikewas broken.I walkthere.我的自行车坏了我不得不走路去那儿2Carsbe parkedin frontoftheentrance.车辆不得停在入口处Period
31.My familyis takinga tripto Wuhanattheend ofthis monthto visitmyaunt anduncle.在这个月末,我们全家打算去武汉旅行,看望我的叔叔和婶婶take atrip表示“去旅行”,也可用take trips;“去……旅行”表达为o1We wouldlikethe mountains.我们想要去山上旅行2My friendRussia.我朋友正去俄罗斯旅行
2.Bring Ms.Steen to the partywithout tellingher so that she can be surprised.在没有告知斯蒂恩女士的前提下,把她带来参加聚会,以便她会感到惊喜♦本句是sothat引导的目的状语从句without是介词,表示“不,没有”,后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式其反义词为witho♦1He wentaway anything.他什么也没说就走了2surprised是形容词be surprisedat…对感到惊讶;besurprisedto♦do sth.做某事很惊讶3ITom onthe street.在街上碰到汤姆,我感到很惊讶♦辨析:surprise,surprised与surprisingsurprise可作名词亦可作动词,surprised与surprising都是形容词其中,surprised意为“感到惊讶的”,一般作表语,主语通常是人;surprising意为“令人惊讶的”,主语通常是事物,用来说明事物本身的特征4We weresurprised/surprising atthenews.5What asurprised/surprising decisionhe made!Unit10If yougo to the party,you11have agreat time!Period1l.if引导的条件状语从句if是连词,所连接的句子叫条件状语从句,表示假设或条件,意为“如果……的话”在条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时,即“主将从现”构成条件从句主句时态If+i般现在时主语+shall/wi11+动词原形例句If hecomes I will showthe messageto him.注意:如果主句含有情态动词或主句是祈使句,则从句用一般现在时,即“主情从现”和“主祈从现”1Yoube healthyif yourun every day.2If wenotget up early,we late for class.3Pleasecallme if you have any problems.4If shestudies harder,shecanget bettergrades.
3.If youask peopleto bringfood…如果你要求人们带食物来ask sb.todosth.意为“叫某人去做某事”,其否定形式为ask sb.not todosth.oMy teacherme thequestions.老师让我回答问题
4.If yougoto theparty,youJ11have agreat time!如果你去参加聚会,你将会玩得很开心!haveagood/great timedoing sth.做某事开心,相当于/.Period
21.Can yougive mesome advice你能给我一些建议吗?★advice作不可数名词,意为“劝告,建议”表示其数量时要用piece,some,much等词来修饰如a pieceof advice一条建议;some advice一些建议★其动词形式为advise,意为“劝告”“劝告某人做某事用advise sb.to dosth.劝某人不要做某事”用advise sb.nottodosth.olPlease aboutmaking friends.请给我一些关于交朋友的建议2My mothergoto bedlate.我妈妈建议我不要太晚休息
2.If I dontget enoughexercise…如果我没有进行足够的锻炼enough用作形容词或副词,意为“充足的地;足够的地,在句中可以作表语、定语或状语,它放在形容词或副词之后,名词之前lHe hastofinish hishomework.他有足够的时间完成他的家庭作业2The questionisfor himto answer.问题足够简单,他能回答出来
3.If Idon,t finishmy homework…如果我没有完成作业finish意为“完成,finish doingsth.表示“做完了某事”
4.Half theclass won*t come,一半的同学将不会来half adj.一半的,半个的可以用“half+the+名词”或“1”作主语,其谓语动词的数取决于half后面的名词或代词的形3Would youlikeanything/somethingto drink
3.Did yougo anywhereinteresting你去什么有趣的地方了吗After Iretire,Iwillmove somewherequiet.退休后,我要搬到一个安静的地方anywhere为不定副词,意为“1”,常用于否定句或疑问句中;somewhere同为不定副词,意为“2”,常用于肯定句[拓展]anywhere和somewhere这两个词前都不加介词,旦形容词要置于它们的后面3My parentsdontwant meto goanywhere/somewherefar.4Those animalsfoundanywhere/somewherewarm tolive.Period
31.T arrivedin Penangin Malaysiathis morningwithmyfamily,我今天早上和我的家人到达马来西亚的槟城arrive v.,意为“到达arrive in+较大的地方国家、城市;arrive at+较小的地方镇、家、店;arrive+地点副词home/here/thereo[区别]getto+地点名词;get+地点副词home/here/thereo1Carol arrivedthe villageonacold night.卡萝尔在一个寒冷的晚上抵达村庄2Heto schoolat6o clockyesterday.他昨天6点钟到校3My fatherflew toBeijing forwork.He therelastweek.我爸爸飞去北京工作了,他上周到达那儿
2.My sisterand Itried paragliding.我和姐姐尝试了滑翔伞运动try todosth.设法/努力做某事try doingsth.尝试做某事1I thework bymyself.我努力独自完成这项工作式2Half ofthem workers.他们当中有一半是工人3Half ofthe moneyhis.有一半的钱是他的Period
31.If peoplehave problems,they shouldkeep themto themselves.如果人们有问题,他们应当把这些问题留给自己keep…to oneself保守秘密♦themselves他她、它们自己,是them的反身代词英语中的反身代词有:♦1Icantellyouifyoupromise itto.A.to keep;you B.keeping;yourselfC.tokeep;yourself D.keeping;you2I guessPeter andhis sisterSally enjoyedat theparty.A.myself B.himself C.herself D.themselves3-What alovely card!Where didyoubuyit一I madeitby.A.me B.himself C.myself D.itself
2.Unless wetalk tosomeone,we,11certainly feelworse.如果我们不与人聊聊,肯定会感觉更糟unless表示“除非;如果不”,引导条件状语从句,相当于if…not如如果我不给你打电话,你就别来Don t comeI callyou.=Don,tcomeI callyou.
3.Her dadsaid hesometimes madecareless mistakeshimself.她爸爸说,他自己有时也会犯粗心的错误careless是形容词,意为“粗心的,不小心的”,其反义词是♦12The twinsare different.The elderbrother is,but theyounger oneis.这对双胞胎有所不同哥哥很细心,而弟弟很粗心make mistakes/make amistake犯错误♦3He oftenin spellinglast year.A.makesamistake B.makes mistakesC.made mistakesD.made mistake
4.Students oftenforget thattheir parentshave moreexperience thanthem…学生们经常忘记他们的父母拥有更多的经验……experience作为“经验”讲时是不可数名词,作为“经历”讲时是可数名词如Heis anofficer withand hasmany strange.他是一位有经验的军官,有着很多奇异的经历
5.Who elsecanyouget advicefrom你还能从谁那儿得到建议?else是副词,与复合不定代词或副词以-one,-body,-thing,-where结尾的词连用,表示“另外”“其他”的意思,用于这些词后面1Would youliketo drink你还要喝点别的什么吗?拓展:else还可用在疑问代词或副词如:who,what,where等后面表示强调2willgotothemeeting还有谁要去参加会议?2Let,sthedoor.让我们试试打开这道门
4.T feltlike Twas abird.我感觉自己像只小鸟feel like意为“给……的感受,想要,后接动名词v.-ing或句子I feellikein thesky.我想在天上飞
5.辨析because of与becausebecause of后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式;because后接表示原因的从句We can,t goout therainy day.=We cantgoout itis raining.由于下雨,我们不能外出Unit2How oftendoyouexercisePeriod
31.一How oftendoyouexercise—Four timesa month.-How longdoes ittake youto gettothemuseum-Ten minutes.-How faris itfrom herhome to school一Two kilometers.观察句子可知,how often意为“,多用表频率的单词或短语回答how long意为“,多用表时间段的单词或短语回答how far意为“,多用表距离的单词或短语回答1—does yourdad readbooks—Every day.2—doyouhave dancelessons-About2hours.3一is itfrom thezoo tothe busstation一About5kilometers.
2.They gotothemovies oncea week.I watchTV twicea week.My fatherusually exercisesthree timesa week.次数的表达方法:一次,两次,三次三次及三次以上需借助time,意为“次数”,为可数名词一段时间内动作发生的次数,可用于回答how often引导的疑问句1一How oftendoyouplay games一两次a week.2We shouldcheck theanswers at least一次after finishingthe test.3I havebeen toBeijing formany次数.Period
21.T alwaysexercise.我总是锻炼She sometimesgoes shopping.她有时会去购物He hardlyever watches TV.他几乎不看电视频度副词的用法
(1)频度副词的含义:表示一段时间内动作发生的次数、频率的副词称为频度副词按频率发生的高低,依次为alwaysusuallyoftensometimeshardly ever/seldomnever
①I am(总是)lateforschool.
②A lice(通常)helps withhousework.
③H(几乎不)watchesTV.©They may(从不)eat junkfood.
⑤We(有时)exercise onweekends.⑵频度副词在句子中的位置由以上例句可知,频度副词一般放在实义动词之(前/后),be动词、助动词或情态动词之前/后
①Wenever drink/drink nevercoffee.
②Ihardly can/can hardlysay aword.
③Shesometimes is/is sometimesvery busy.=Sometimcs sheis busy.注意:sometimes既可位于句中,也可位于,区别不大
2.He playssoccer atleast twicea week.他每周至少踢两次足球atleast意为“,其反义词组为at most,意为“最多”Period
31.We foundthat onlyfifteen percent of ourstudents exerciseeveryday.我们发现仅有百分之十五的学生每天锻炼percent n.意为“百分之……”;“基数词+percent表示百分之v,percent无复数形式“基数词+percentof+the+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式与of后面的名词保持一致如:About50the studentsgirls.大约百分之五十的学生是女生
2.Although manystudents liketowatchsports,gameshowsare themostpopular.虽然很多学生喜欢观看体育节目,但游戏类节目却是最受欢迎的although conj.意为“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,此时可以与though互换注意:although/though与but不能同时出现在同一句子中,只能用其一heisill,hedoesn,t stopworking.A.Although;but B.But;although C.Although;/D./;t hough
3.Exercise such as playingsports isfun***比如进行体育活动这样的锻炼方式很有趣……suchas意为“例如;一般用来列举同类中的几个例子,后接名词或短语;其后一般不用逗号比较:forexample用来举例说明一种情况,一般只举一个例子;其后常有逗号如1There aremany problems.,we donthaveenough time.2People inmany countriesspeak English,Canada andAustralia.
4.However,shehassome badhabi ts,too.然而,她也有一些坏习惯however adv.意为“然而,表示转折,不能与but连用一般情况下,however放句子开头,首字母要大写,后有逗号隔开如:他身体不舒服,但是他仍然去上学He wasfeeling bad.,he wentto school.=He wasfeeling bad,he wenttoschool.Unit3Im moreoutgoing than my sister.Period1形容词和副词比较级的构成及用法
一、形容词和副词比较级的构成分三种情况
1.单音节和部分双音节词后加pr具体构成规则为1直接在词尾加pr,如long—longero2以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,把y改为i加~er,如lazy—lazier3以e结尾的词,直接在词尾加T,如:nice—nicer⑷重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母再加pr,如:big—biggero
2.部分双音节和多音节词要在词前加more,构成比较级如clearly—moreclearly;important一more importanto
3.不规则变化见课本Pl14,其中的far—farther表距离远,far一further表程度深远请写出以下形容词和副词的比较级high—.tai1-.funny—.easy—.nice一.late一.fat—.thin一.little—.good—.well—.bad/badly/ill—.beautiful-interesting
二、形容词和副词比较级的用法
1.在两者之间作比较时使用比较级,后面常用than引出比较对象其中,形容词或者副词比较级前面可以加一些副词或副词短语如a little,much,a lot,even,still,far等来表示程度如⑴我的裙子比你的漂亮多了My dressisthan yours.2我们的教室比他们的大一点Our classroomisthan theirs.
2.表示“和……一样”时,用“as+形容词或副词原级+as”的句型否定形式用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as如:lTom runsasfast as Tim.2Tom isnot sokindasTim.Period
21.在使用形容词或副词的比较级时要注意以下几点⑴两者之间的比较才能用比较级如He getsupearlyevery morning.他每天早上很早起床(用原级)Who canrun faster,Kate orMay谁跑得更快,凯特还是梅?(用比较级)⑵比较的对象要一致如I mtaller thanhe(is)./Iy mtaller thanhim.我比他高(我和他作比较)My hairis longerthan hers.我的头发比她的头发长(我的头发和她的头发作比较)
①My schoolisand.我的学校又新又大
②My schoolis biggerthan.我的学校比露西的学校大⑶形容词修饰名词,多位于名词前面,或在系动词(be,look,sound,taste,feel,seem等)后面而副词修饰动词、形容词、副词等它们在各自比较等级中的用法也一样如Immore carefulthanmysister.我比我妹妹更细心Idomy homeworkmore carefullythananyoneelse inmy class.我做作业比班里任何一个人都仔细11work as(努力地)as Jeff.=1am as(努力的)as Jeff.2Th istrain seems(慢的)than thatone.
③He runs(慢地)than me.
2.辨析:both和allboth指两者都……”,all指“三者或三者以上都……”它们都用在be动词、助动词及情态动词之后,行为动词之前常用词组:both…and;both of;all of***(l)We students.我们两个都是学生⑵English.我们俩都喜欢英语。