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考点定语从句13在知识导图1定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词和分词等表示，副词有时也可作定语；当用一个句子彳乍定语时，这个句子即为定语从句eg:lts arainy day.They watchedall thefour excitinggames.The manover thereis ournew Englishteacher.
1.定语I hopethere willbe aswimming pool=a poolfor swimmingin ourschool.A personwho hasstolen somethingis guiltyof theft.2定语可放在它所修饰的名词或代词前，为前置定语，也可放在它所修饰的词汇后，为后置定语eg:There is nothing wrongwith themachine.Ill have an importantmeeting toattend.a.定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句所修饰的名词或代词为先行词b.关系代词who和whom指代的先行词指人eg:A doctorexamined theastronauts whoreturn rdfrom spacetoday.=A doctorexamined theastronauts.They returnedfrom spacetoday.___________c.关系代词which指代的先行词指物eg:The tileswhich fell off the roof causeda lotof damage.=The tilesfellofftheroof.They causeda lotof damage.______________________d.关系代词that指代的先行词既可以指元金可以指物eg:He is the manthat who lives nextdoor.A monitoris amachine that which showsinformation orpictures ona screen.e.先行词附有最高级形容词或序数词修饰时，或附有the only,the same,the very,aII,every,any,no等修饰时，使用that但先行词为人时，通常使用wheg:This is the mostwonderful film that I have everseen.第十六章定语和定语从句1由This is the firstcomposition that he haswritten inEnglish.关系代Is thereanyone who knows Spanish词引导f.关系代词whose是属格，既可用于人的属格，也可用于物的属格的定语eg:He is the manwhose carwas stolen.从句I saw some old buildings whosewindows were all broken.
2.定语从句=1sawsomeoldbuildings,the windowsof which wereallbroken.g.关系代词在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语和定语如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,此关系代词可省略eg:He isthe manwhom/that Imet yesterday.This isthe photowhich/that Itook.h.定语从句中，关系代词who,which,that作主语时，其谓语动词应与先行词的单复数保持一致eg Ajnanwho doesnttry tolearn fromothers canthope tomake progress.The studentswho areplaying footballare fromClass Three.i.在oneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式而在theonly oneof+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式eg:Tom is one of the studentswhoknow the facts.Tom isthe onlyone of the studentswho knowsthe facts.a.关系副词when前的先行词是表达时间的名词，when在定语从句中作时间状语2电eg:l stillremember the day whenon which I joinedthe YouthLeague.言疆b.关系副词where前的先行词是表示地点的名词，where在定语从句中作地点状语；
一、五eg:This isthe placewhere in which Igrew up.从句C.关系副词why前的先行词是表示原因的名词，why在定语从句中作原因状语eg:Thats thereason whyfor which he dislikesme.在重序考向考向一定语从句的基本概念及其功能意义我们先看以下几个句子:1This ishis book.2Please turnon thatgreen light.3Do youlike thebeautiful flowers
30.I reallyadmire thosevolunteers canoffer tohelp peoplein trouble.A.who B.which C.whom D.what
31.一I heardthat AECM（抗疫表彰会）washeld inLanzhou onApril26th.一（成就）Yes.I reallylook upto thoseheroes inGansu havemade greatachievementsA.who B.which C.where D.whose
32.—Susan stillmisses inWenzhou.——I know.Local snacksare herfavourite.A.the friendlypeople whoshe metB.the dayswhich shespent withusC.the famousplaces thatshe visitedD.the deliciousfood which she tried
33.A memorialmeeting washeld tohonor theheroes losttheir livesduring theoutbreakofCOVTD-
19.A.who B.which C.what D.whose
34.Yuan Longpingisoneof the greatest scientistsI respecta lot.A.why B.which C.what D.that
35.・一Have youfound themobile phoneyou lostin thetaxi yesterday-Not yet.Til haveto buya newone.A.which B.what C.who D.where
36.This isthe firstbirthday giftI received.Tve keptit manyyears.A.that B.who C.what D.which一
37.Hey,Bob.What areyou doing一Im writinga thank-note to.A.the studentwho usuallyplays basketballwith usB・the neighbourwho oftenmakes noisein themidnightC.the passengerwho goton thewrong busthis morningD.the workerwho oftenpicks uprubbish in the localpark
38.According toa recentstudy,adults oftendo houseworkmight stayhealthy intooldage.A.when B.which C.who D.what一
39.Tom,what kindof storiesdo youprefer一The oneshaveahappy ending.A.that B.who C.those D.whom
40.—Volunteering is a meaningfulactivity.一I agree.We shouldexpress thanksto the people dovolunteer jobs.它真题过关
41.—Mom iswaiting.Can weset offnow一Just aminute.I cantfind theshoes I bought lastweek.A.that B.who C.what D.who
42.He doesnot reachthe GreatWall isnot atrue man.A.whom B./C.which D.who
43.——What kindof moviesdo youlike一I prefermovies mesomething tothink about.A.whom giveB.who givesC.which giveD.that givesA.who B-whom C.which D.whose
44.Students lovethe teachersare outgoingand humorous.一
45.Do youlike themovie iscalled TheBattle atLake Changjin!一Sure.I thinkno movieis thanit.一A.that;more touchingB.what;less touchingC.that;more touchedD.which;less touched
46.Do youknow thegirlis standingover there——Yes.She is my sister.A.when B.where C.who D.which
47.Agatha Christiewas afemale writeris consideredthe queenof crimenovels.A.what B.whose C.who D.which
48.—I haveread bookswere writtenby CharlesDickens.一So doI.David Copperfieldis my favorite.A.how B.who C.what D.that
49.I willnever forget the peoplehelped mea lotduring myhard time.A.which B.who C.whose D.whom
50.Great changeshave takenplace here.Everything comesinto myeyes isso newtome.A.that B.which C.who D.whom一
51.Have youheard of the storyof Mulan一Of course.Mulan isa bravegirl herfather^place tofight in the army.A.whom takeB.that takeC.which takesD.who takes
52.ril neverforget the place wevisited togetherlast year.A.which B.what C.who D.whom
53.In myopinion,of allthe books,this isthe onlyone iswell worthreading.
54.—What canwe dofor theleft-home childrenin thevillage needhelp—We couldhelp themwith theirstudy onlineon weekends.A.which B.whom C.whose D.who
55..We followthat carhas leftin thegrass.A.mark B.marking C.the marksD.to mark
56.China isgetting betterat makingthe most popular high-tech productscan beboughtin allparts ofthe world.A.who B.which C.what D.that一
57.Is thewoman walkedpast justnow yourteacher一Yes,she teachesEnglish andwe alllove hervery much.A.which;our B.who;us C.which;us D.that;our
58.Well neverforgettheheroes bringpeople hopein difficulttimes.A.which B.whom C.whose D.who
59.Id liketo expressmy thanksto everyoneserved thecommunity.A.which B.who C.where D.when
60.The victimwanted toreport thecrime hisboss hadcommitted to the police.A.which B.whom C.who D.what在这些句子中的前面的修饰语只是简单词，它们对后面的几个名词起book,light,flowers一种修饰作用那如果要表达以下几个句子又该怎么办呢？2住在我隔壁的这个人是卖菜的1我昨天买的运本书不贵那是他们去年住的房子3小明还记得他第一次来广州那^天4这时，我们会发现，只用简单词来做修饰语还不行，有的时候需要用句子来表达意思1:This bookthat/which Ibought yesterday isnotexpensive.2:The manthat/wholivesnext to me sellsvegetables.3:That isthe housewhere theylived lastyear.4:Xiaoming stillremembers the day whenhe firstcame toGuangzhou.这些斜体部分的句子就是定语从句我们把在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的句子称之为定语从句上面四句中的是定语从句被修饰的词，叫作先行book,man,house,day词,用来引导从句的叫作关系代词一般情况下，定语从句放在先行词后that,which,who面，叫作关系副词where,when考向二定语从句的构成及类别1The housethat wasbuilt in1987stayed upin the关系代主语宾earthquake.人，物That词语2The teacherthat teachesus isa teacherof English.宾语1They plantedsome treeswhich didnft needmuchWhich物water,which在从句中作主语主语2The fishwhichwe boughtwere notfresh.在从句中作宾语whichWho人The menwho visitedour classyesterdayisfrom主语宾在从句中作主语Canada.who语*Who m人宾语在从句The manwhomyou justtalked to is Mr.Li.whom中作宾语Whos人，物定语11know aboy whosemother isa teacherin oureschool.封面2He likethe bookwhose isa picture.注在后面，一定要有名词，因为它起到定语的whose作用，用来修饰名词as人，物This isa samepen as I lostyesterday.主语宾He issuch aperson asis respectedby allof us.语关系Where地点状语The factorywhere hisfather worksis Ithe westofthecity.副词Why原因状语The reasonwhy youwere latewas unbelievable.When时间状语I stillremember theday whenI firstcame toBeijing.【即学即练】
1.The factorymy friend worksis far from my home.A.when B.where C.which D.what
2.The factorymyfriendvisited lastyear isfarfrommyhome.A.when B.where C.which D.what
3.1wont forgetthedayI wasbom.A.that B.when C.which D.in which
4.1wont forgetthedayI spentin NanHua Templethree daysagoA.that B.when C.what D.on that|考向三定语从句中几个须注意的问题|
（一）关于“介词+which/whom w结构我们还是先看几个句子
1.The personwhom you should writetoisMr.Brown.
2.That housethat they are livingin belongsto me.
3.The daywhich my sister was born onis March,
1999.
4.She showedme thedictionary whichshe paid a lot money for.
5.The manwhom you spoke tolast nightis myfather.考虑一下，把上述五句的介词去掉可否？当然不行，因为句中的等在从whom,that,which句中无法做动词的宾语，那么就要在动词后加个合适的介词，句子才通因此，这些句子也可说成
6.The personto whomyoushouldwrite isMr.Brown.
7.That housein whichthey areliving belongsto me.
8.The dayon whichmysisterwas bornis March,
1999.
9.She showedme thedictionary for whichshepaidalotmoney.
10.The manto whomyouspokelast nightismyfather.注意在第句中的介词如果要前置放到关系词前面，则不能写成12inThat housein that they areliving belongsto me.应该写成That houseinwhichtheyareliving belongstome.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面如2look for,look after,take等care of（）（正）This isthe watchwhich/that I am lookingfor.（误）This isthe watchforwhichI amlooking.
（二）关于“介词名词”结构+whose+首先我们来看两个句子The bosswent tothe hospital.Mr King worked in the bossscompany.如果我们要把这两句话整合成一句话，该怎样做呢？可能同学们会想到以下的答案Mr Kingworked in the companywhose bosswent tothe hospital.但是更贴近原意的表达应该是怎么样的呢？这类定语从句并不太难其实我们可以把它理解为“介词+关系词”与的定语从句whose的结合体The boss,in whosecompany Mr.Kingworkedwent tothe hospital.
（三）关于只用不用的时候thatwhich这样的情况通常有种4当先行词有最高级形容词修饰时，定语从句通常用关系代词来引导，如
1.that This isthe best（）filmthatI haveseen.当先行词前有序数词，等修饰词时，定语从句也常
2.only,very,the first,the last用来引导如thatShe isthe onlyperson thatI canbelieve in.That isthe firstcar thatarrived thismorning.当先行词之前有不定代词等词时,其后的定语从句常用来引导如
3.all,any,every,no thatAllthe peoplethat comefrom thecountry workmuch harder.This isall thatI cantell you..当先行词既指人有指事物的时候，如4He isnot interested inthepeople and the thingsthathesaw inthe market.四关于只用不用的时候which that在非限制性定语从句1在定语从句中，用来代替事物或前面的句子的时候详见下面的内容2考向四限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句|关于非限制性定语从句（非限制性定语从句也称为非限定性定语从句）对于这项内容的基本问题，主要掌握好在非限制性定语从句中从句和主句间往往用逗号隔开这一特征，而且要注意，在非限制性定语从句中的关系词不用如that,Yesterday Imet LiPing,who seemedto bevery busy.The dam,which isthe biggestintheworld,is3800metres long.The workers,some ofwhom stayedfor fouryears,came fromdifferent countries.（）限制性定语从句和主句关系密切，如果省略了，主句的意思不明确，而且,主句和1从句之间不用逗号分开而非限制性定语从句则不同This isthe bestnovel thatIhaveread.This isa goodnovel,which isfamous andpopular.又如She hasa sonwho studiesin Britain.她有个在美国留学的儿子（意思含有她可能还有别的孩子）She hasa son,who studiesin Britain.她有个儿子在美国留学（意思含有她只有一个儿子）（）限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可2以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句此时一般由关系代词或which来引导如asJenny waslate again,which madeher teacherangry.My wifeis patientwith myson,whichIam seldom.Iamgood atEnglish,as youknow.弓导非限制性定语从句时，可以在主句的前As hepointed out,your wordswere wrong,asI或后用代替整个句子的用法whichThe bamboois hollow,which makesit verylight.Tom wasplaying hisgameboy,which madehis teacherquite angry.和的用法as which引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和的结构中as the same…as,such…as,与都可以引导一个非限制性定语从句，并代表前面整个句子或主句中的表语l.as whichHemarried the girl,aswhichwas natural.He seemeda foreigner,aswhichin facthe was.不同的是引导的定语从句可以前置，而不行as whichAswas natural,he marriedthe girl.As weknow,the earthis round..在结构中，之后应是名词2the same…as,such...as,same,such,We arefacing the same problemsas wedid years ago.We hopeto getsuch atool ashe is using.这些结构也可以用改写但要去掉这种结构，不能直接用代替which whichaso以上两句分别可以改写成We arefacing theproblems whichwe facedyearsago.We hopeto getthe toolwhichhe isusing.注意与引导的定语从句在意义上的区别是前者修饰的是与the same…as thesame...that原物同样的；而后者修饰的就是先行词同样的东西是比较This isthesamewatch asI lost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样（不是同一只）This isthesamewatch thatI lost.这就是我丢失的那一只表（同一只）【即学即练】
1.is knownto everyone,the moontravels roundthe earthonce everymonth.NMET01A.That B.It C.Which D.AsA.when B-that C.which D.what
3.is mentionedabove thenumber ofthe studentsin seniorhigh schoolsis
2.The resultoftheexperiment wasvery good,we hadn9t expected.A.Which B.As C.That D.Itincreasing.A.like B.as C.that D.which上
4.Those housesare soldat sucha lowprice peopleexpected.00I鹿跟甯训正一
1.Jenny,I talkedback tomy motherlast night.What shouldI do一You aresupposed tosay sorry.Parents arethepeoplelove youin theworld.A.who;better B.who;most C.whom;better D.whom;most
2.Chances belongto thosekeep trying.As longas youkeep workinghard,youll getabig successsooner orlater.A.who B.that C.whom D.which
3.——Do youadmire Dr.Zhang Wenhong—Of course!He isa kind-hearted doctoris professionaland humorous.（冰壶）
4.Curling isa wintersport isgetting moreand morepopular inChina.A.who B.what C.where D.which
5.John isthe boylegs werebadly hurtintheaccident.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose
6.This isthe skirtIboughtyesterday.A.who B.whom C.where D.that
7.After retiring,my teacherMr.Dai movedtothevillage hewas bornsixty yearsago.A.when B.which C.where D.what
8.Thisisthe smallvillage innnot longago.A.we stayedB.where westayedC.whichwestayed D.where westayed in
9.Its anorganization canhelp poorchildren.A.who B.which C.where D.when
10.Is thisthegirlyou metyesterdayA.whom B.whose C.which D.what
11.—These days,many kidsare veryinterestedinthe songLonely Warriors.Why一Maybe theythink itsa songhas greatlyrics andrhrhythm.A.which B.who C.where D.what一
12.What kindof moviesdo youlike一I likethe moviescan makeme laugh.A.where B.what C.which D.when一
13.Have youread thebook Theold manandthesea writtenby theAmerican writer,Hemingway一Of course,an amazingstory.It9sthebest bookIve everread.A.which B.what C.who D.that一
14.Do youknowtheboy isunder thetree一Oh,he ismy cousin.A.which B.who C.whom D.whose
15..Michael Jacksonwas asinger isconsidered asthe kingof popmusic.A.what B.whose C.who D.which
16.—Have youheard oftheplacehe visitedlast summer一Yes,it isthe veryplace thegreat writer,Lu Xunwasborn.A.where;where B.where;that C./;where D.that;that
17.The womanisthemost importantin mylife ismy mother.
18.The womanisthemost importantin mylife ismy mother.A.whom B.what C.which D.who
19.Could youtell methe resultofthediscussion youhad madeinthemeeting justnowA.who B.when C.how D.that
20.As weall know,a doctorisaperson looksafter peopleshealth.A.who B.whose C.which D.whom在模拟检测一.一
21.Do youknow whoSu Bingtianis一Yes,heisa famousrunner setthe newAsian recordof
9.83second inmens100-meter raceatthe2020Tokyo Olympics.A.who B.whom C.whose D.which一
22.Have youwatched theTV playLike aFlowing River—Yes.Its themostpopularTV playmakes peopleknow aboutthe reformandopening-up policy.A.where B.that C.what D.whom一
23.What kindof jobdo youlike一Oh,I preferthe jobcan makeour citymore beautiful.A.what B.which C.whose D.who
24.—At presentyoung peopleprefer WeChatto keepin touchwith theirfriends.一Yes.It seemsto bethebestway ofcommunication peoplelike.A.which B.what C.who D.that
25.・一We areproud ofthegreatchanges ourcountry hashad theseyears.一Yes,so manyvillages havetaken ona newlook.A.that B.what C.who D.where
26.The unforgettableexperience wehad inthe summercamp makesus growup.A.who B.whose C.which D.whom
27.The CDmy unclebought forme asa birthdaygift ismyfavorite.A.which B.who C.what D.whose
28.Many peoplehere likethis beautifulpark isfull ofcolorful flowers.A.who B.where C.which D.what
29.I likebooks areabout powerfuland successfulpeople.。
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